Proliferation of tobacco consumption

1. Presented by:
Group 12, Section D 1

2. Lung cancer is the leading cause of
cancer death in the United States
Lung cancer estimates for 2013
•New cases of lung cancer: 228,190 Males:
118,080 Females: 110,110
• Deaths from lung cancer: 159,480 Males:
87,260 Females: 72,220
Tobacco use accounts for at least
30% of all cancer deaths and 87%
of lung cancer deaths.
Also increases risk for cancers of
the mouth, lips, nasal cavity and
sinuses, larynx, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, ovary and
acute myeloid leukemia
Source: Cancer Facts & Figures 2013
2

3. Tobacco has been described by WHO
as “the single greatest cause of
preventable disease in the
developed world”.
Universally regarded as one of the
major health hazards and is
responsible directly or indirectly for
an estimated 8 lakh deaths annually
in the country.
4000 chemicals, 200 of which are
poison and 69 certified carcinogens
in tobacco
Toxic gases damage the cilia, while
Tar, the solid particle in tobacco
smoke coats your lungs like soot in
a chimney.
http://www.indiancancersocietydelhi.in/cancer-facts.php
3

4. Chemicals In Cigarette
http://www.indiancancersocietydelhi.in/cancer-facts.php
4

5. 5

6. Tobacco companies knew
about the health risks of
smoking
Since 1953, the industry
was aware of the
deleterious effects of
smoking
Experiments conducted
on mice proved that
their products were
carcinogenic
After meeting with the PR consultancy Hill & Knowlton, the big
cigarette manufacturers launched a propaganda campaign
highlighting scientific uncertainty, ensuring the public
6
remained unaware of the harmful effects of smoking

7. Master Settlement Agreement' 1998
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) was entered in November
1998
Between the four largest US tobacco companies and the attorneys general
of 46 states
The states settled their Medicaid lawsuits against the tobacco industry for
recovery of their tobacco-related health-care costs
Exempted the companies from private tort liability regarding harm caused
by tobacco use
In exchange, the companies agreed to curtail or cease certain tobacco marketing
practices.
7
http://web.archive.org/web/20080625084126/http://www.naag.org/backpages/naag/tobacco/msa/msa-pdf/1109185724_1032468605_cigmsa.pdf

8. Summary of terms of MSA
The Original Participating
Manufacturers (OPMs) agreed to
several broad categories of conditions:
to restrict their
advertising,
sponsorship,
lobbying, and
litigation
activities,
particularly as
those activities
were seen as
targeting youth
to disband three
specific
"Tobacco-Related
Organizations,"
and to restrict
their creation
and participation
in trade
associations
to make available
to the public
documents the
OPMs had
disclosed during
the discovery
phase of their
litigation with
the settling
states;
to create and
fund the
National Public
Education
Foundation,
dedicated to
reducing youth
smoking and
preventing
diseases
associated with
smoking
to make annual
payments to the
settling states in
perpetuity.
8

9. Tobacco companies conspired to deliberately mislead
the public about the health risks of smoking
On December 15, 1953, executives from the nation’s
largest tobacco companies met to discuss a plan to
combat the negative publicity.
A public relations firm, Hill & Knowlton was
employed and jointly paid by the tobacco companies
to develop a response to the allegations.
In January 1954 an pro-cigarette advertisement
entitled “A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers”
which appeared in 448 newspapers in 258 cities,
reaching an estimated 43,245,000 people.
9

10. Pro-cigarette campaign : “A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers”
Promise 1
“We believe
the products
we make are
not injurious
to health”
Promise 2
“We are
pledging aid
and
assistance to
the research
effort into all
phases of
tobacco use
and health”
Promise 3
“We always
have and
always will
cooperate
closely with
those whose
task it is to
safeguard the
public
health”
10

11. “Tobacco Industry Research Committee”(TIRC) was formed only to combat the
findings that were detrimental to the tobacco industry’s business
Public was made to believe that the TIRC is comprised of impartial scientists.
The TIRC Transformed obscure scientific evidence into headline news,
The TIRC Modified articles that were destructive to the tobacco industry’s
image
The TIRC Infiltrated health associations in order to receive advance
information and to influence the broadcasted opinions of television producers
11

12. Cigarette companies frequently promised consumers that their
brands were better for them than their competitor's brands because
the smoke was less irritating, smoother, and milder.
RJ Reynolds
• “Camel
cigarettes
are so mild
that they
don't get
your wind
and you can
smoke all
you want”
Philip Morris
• “ You're
safer
smoking
Philip
Morris .This
cigarette
has been
scientifically
proved less
irritating to
the nose
and throat”
Lorillard
• “Old Gold
brand is
lowest in
nicotine,
lowest in
throat—
irritating
tars and
resins.”
Brown and Williamson
• “Medical
science
offers proof
positive . .
.No other
leading
cigarette is
safer to
smoke!”
12

13. • More than 293 billion cigarettes were purchased in
the United States in 2011, with three companies
selling nearly 85% of them.
Company Name Brand Examples Market % Cigarettes Sold
Philip Morris USA Marlboro, Basic,
Virginia Slims
46.1% 135.1 billion
Reynolds American Inc. Camel, Doral, Winston,
Kool
24.9% 72.9 billion
Lorillard Newport, Maverick,
Kent
13.7% 40 billion
All other companies USA Gold, Sonoma,
Montclair
15.3% 45 billion
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/economics/econ_facts/ 13

14. Tobacco companies export their products to at least 146 countries.
They sell to Hong Kong, UAE, Turkey, South Korea, Singapore, China, Russia, and many more
countries.
In 1992 Philip Morris sold 11 billion cigarettes to Russia alone.
The taxes from tobacco provide a lot of money for the U.S. government.
In 1992, Philip Morris alone paid $4.5 billion in taxes making it the largest tax payer in the U.S.
http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit1/3economics_of.html
Credit: Copyright © 1994 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission. "How Do They Live With
Themselves?" Roger Rosenblatt, The New York Times Magazine, 3/20/94
14

15. Government Involvement
The U.S. government and the tobacco companies help each other.
Since 1964 all the Surgeon Generals of the U.S. have talked and written about the
health dangers of cigarettes.
Still, cigarettes are made, advertised, and sold.
The tobacco industry gives thousands of dollars to help cover the costs of political
campaigns of people running for political office.
These are people who want to be elected or re-elected as Senators, Representatives,
Vice-President, and President.
In turn the politicians help the tobacco industry.
http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit1/3economics_of.html
15

16. Government Involvement
Under the
price
support
system,
tobacco can
only be
grown on a
certain
number of
government-approved
farms.
The
government
gives farms
special, low
interest
loans to help
cover the
costs of
growing
tobacco.
The U.S.
Department
of
Agriculture
allows a
certain
amount of
tobacco to
be grown
each year.
This is called
a quota. It
also sets a
minimum
price for
tobacco.
http://healthliteracy.worlded.org/docs/tobacco/Unit1/3economics_of.html
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17. Scientists Involvement
Scientists were the perfect foil for the tobacco industry's
public relations response to allegations that cigarette
smoking was injurious to health.
Supported scientific research so that the industry would
be seen as doing something positive to address the
serious allegations that smoking was harmful.
TIRC whose motive was to encourage and support qualified
research scientists in their efforts to learn more about
smoking and health was influenced by the tobacco
manufacturer.
TIRC split to for tobacco institute to free itself from these
industry influences but was not able to do so.
TI frequently made reference to the fact that qualified
scientists challenged the evidence that smoking caused
disease.
17

18. The tobacco company used scientist to start a false
controversy about smoking and health relationship by :
Creating doubt about the health charge without actually
denying it.
Advocating the public's right to smoke, without actually urging
them to take up the practice.
Encouraging objective scientific research as the only way to
resolve the question of the health hazard.
• The internal industry documents show how tobacco companies deliberately
confused the public debate about smoking and health by creating and
supporting research organizations that were never really interested in
discovering the truth about whether smoking was a cause of disease.
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19. Why we think it should be banned
Cigarette smoke contains 69
carcinogenic chemicals
Responsible for 90% of
lungs cancer deaths, 80% of
COPD
Smoking in pregnancy
causes 20-30% of low-birth
weight deliveries, 14% pre-term
deliveries, 10% of all
infant death
19

20. Other Health Hazards
Identified as risk
factor for
osteoporosis
Smoking increases
the risk of
developing gum
disease
Causes
vulnerabilities to
cardio-vascular
diseases
The smokers
showed
Smokers show
considerably more
signs of premature
facial aging
Environmental Factors
Each Year, nearly 600 million trees
are destroyed to provide fuel to dry
tobacco.
Modern cigarette manufacturing
machines use more than six
kilometres of paper per hour
Social Factors
Poor fitness and efficiency reduces
performance at work place.
Puts extra strain on household
expenditures. Adds to financial
distress of poor families
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21. Reasons for no ban
Contribution to Exchequer
Tax as a %age of Price
78% 75% 75% 73% 70% 68%
38% 30%
United
Kingdom
India Brazil Greece Argentina Australia China USA
9.05%
7.72%
4.88% 4.00% 3.04% 2.98% 1.81% 0.41%
CHINA GREECE BRAZIL ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA UNITED
KINGDOM
INDIA UNITED
STATES OF
AMERICA
Percentage of total government revenues accounted for by
tobacco taxes
Source: http://catalogue.polytechnique.fr/site.php?id=298&fileid=4705 21

22. But the earnings is still a hogwash!!
Drain on Health-Care Systems
Tobacco-related healthcare costs
USA
$96 bn
France
$16.6 bn
UK
$$9.5 bn
China
$6.2 bn
Canada
$2.8 bn
It was 16% more than the tax revenue
through tobacco
India spent $1.7 bn on direct cost of
treating tobacco related diseases
Source: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/
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23. Tobacco Politics
Source: https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/indusclient.php?id=A02&year=2010 23

24. Economics of Ban and Tobacco Farmers
Tobacco is primarily grown in
low- and middle-income
countries.
Since the 1960s, the bulk of
production has moved from the
Americas to Africa and Asia
land devoted to tobacco growing
has been halved in the USA,
Canada and Mexico, but has
almost doubled in China, Malawi
and United Republic of Tanzania
Tobacco Companies control farmers as they provide easy market for their produce.
Tobacco
Quickly provides them good returns and also gets them access to credits and other facilities needed for production.
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25. How to convince farmers?
Sensitization of the
masses on the dangers of
tobacco growing
Occupational risks : green
tobacco sickness, pesticide
intoxication, respiratory
and dermatological
disorders, etc.
Environmental
degradation because of
tobacco plant leaching
nutrients from the soil, as
well as pollution from
pesticides and fertilizers
Sustaining farmers livelihood
Switch to alternate
crops that can do well
– maize, fruits,
groundnuts, vegetables
Support to famers on
getting necessary
production factors such
as – credit facilities,
new technology etc.
Government should
provide ready market
for the grown products
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26. These should also be controlled!
Battery-operated
devices shaped like
cigarettes that
provide an
alternative way to
receive nicotine
Work by heating a
liquid cartridge
containing nicotine,
flavours, and other
chemicals into an
inhalable vapour.
Promoted as an
alternative for
tobacco smokers
who want to avoid
inhaling smoke
E-Cigarettes
Concerns about E-Cigarettes
Effects are largely
unstudied. Health
professionals and
researchers are
still not certain
about ill-effects.
FDA has raised
doubts of it
containing
carcinogenic and
toxic chemicals.
Market is highly
unregulated.
Readily available
online. Young and
kinds can easily
buy them
Laws regulating
cigarette ads don't
yet apply to e-cigarettes
Could be a
gateway to
conventional
tobacco smoking
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27. Water-pipe tobacco
smoking(Hookah/Shisha)
Myth Truth
Hookah smoke is filtered through water so it filters out
harmful ingredients
Water filtered smoke doesn’t filter out cancer-causing
chemicals. The danger is nowhere less than cigarette.
Inhaling hookah smoke does not burn the lungs, so it is
not unhealthy
Doesn’t burn the lungs because smoke is water cooled,
but smoke still remains harmful
Shisha tobacco contains fruit, so it is healthier than
regular tobacco
Shisha is just molasses or honey soaked tobacco mixed
with fruit. Tobacco harms is no way reduced
Charcoal used in hookah increases health
risk as smoke contains carbon monoxide,
metals, and cancer-causing chemicals
The volume of smoke inhaled during a
typical hookah session of 1 hr is about
90,000 ml, compared with 500 - 600 ml
inhaled when smoking a cigarette
Hookah Bars are banned in
many places in India –
Bangalore, Guragon, Faridbad,
Jaipur, Ludhiana, Maharastra
It is still legal to purchase
hookahs at shops and consume
them at home.
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28. Khaini
• India’s 75%
tobacco
users are
smokeless
tobacco
consumers
• Highly
addictive
and contains
carcinogens
Gutka
• Entails
serious
health
consequenc
es – Oral
Cancer,
Pancreatic
Cancer,
Teeth and
Gum issues
• Gutka is
banned in
24 states
and 3 union
territories.
Snus
• Regulation on
other forms
of smokeless
tobacco is still
very loose
• Assam first
state to
enforce
complete ban
on smokeless
tobacco
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