The document provides definitions for language teaching terms across 15 flashcards. It suggests ways for teachers to introduce and explain the terms to students. For example, for the term "affix", the document recommends introducing prefixes and suffixes using flashcards with examples. For "accuracy", it suggests correcting student mistakes in writing activities. Overall, the document gives concise definitions and practical classroom activities to help students understand key language teaching concepts.
The document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities focusing on English language learning, including games, drills, and exercises to practice vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and other skills. The activities involve actions, pictures, movement, and interaction to engage students visually and physically in addition to language practice. The variety of activity types allows teachers to select methods suitable for different language focuses and skill levels.
The document describes 32 English language activities for students. The activities focus on practicing vocabulary, grammar structures, and language skills through games, pictures, gestures, and physical movement. Some key activities involve matching pictures to numbers, memorizing pictures, guessing covered parts of pictures, and hot potato games to practice adjectives, prepositions, and other language targets kinesthetically and visually. Overall, the activities aim to make English learning fun and engaging for students.
This document contains a lesson plan for an English class focusing on food vocabulary and habits. The lesson plan spans multiple class periods and includes the following key elements:
- A warm-up activity to review prior vocabulary (word chain game)
- Introduction and practice of new food-related vocabulary
- Listening comprehension exercises on food preferences
- Pair work where students discuss their favorite foods
- Grammar explanations and practice related to food preferences
- Closing activities where students ask each other questions about food in their refrigerators
The lesson plan provides detailed instructions for implementing reciprocal teaching strategies to give students practice using targeted language functions and receive feedback through various pair and group activities focused on food topics.
This document provides guidance for teachers on assessment approaches in primary education. It discusses formative and summative assessment. Formative assessment includes both activity-based assessment (FA(a)) and content-based assessment (FA(b)). FA(a) allows students to express themselves through activities and is assessed based on teacher observation. FA(b) evaluates cognitive skills through written responses. Summative assessment occurs at the end of a term to evaluate learning. The document provides examples of assessment activities and guidance on skills students should acquire by the end of each term.
This document describes 36 different activities that can be used to teach English language skills. The activities include using pictures to teach vocabulary, memorization games, acting out verbs and emotions, completing sentences with colored words, and taste testing foods to teach vocabulary. The activities target a variety of language skills like vocabulary, grammar structures, listening, speaking, and revision through kinesthetic and engaging means like competition, acting, and using multiple senses.
The English language has a complex writing system where letters represent sounds in various ways: one sound can be represented by multiple letters or letter combinations, and one letter or group can represent multiple sounds. This alphabetic code is challenging to teach, as teachers must explain the relationships between sounds and spellings while addressing issues like accents and irregular spellings. The document provides guidance on teaching the code through systematic phonics instruction, including teaching the basic code first before more complex spellings, providing practice with decoding and encoding skills, and addressing related skills like handwriting.
The document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities for teaching English. The activities focus on a variety of language skills including vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and listening. Some example activities described are matching pictures to numbers, memorizing pictures, guessing covered parts of pictures, and playing games like hot potato and Simon says to reinforce vocabulary.
This lesson plan outlines activities for three English lessons focusing on reacquainting someone, showing concern about an injury, and suggesting a new remedy. Each lesson includes a warm-up activity, vocabulary exercises, grammar explanations and practice, listening comprehension activities, pronunciation drills, conversation models, and a wrap-up. The teacher provides structured support and feedback at each stage to help students improve their English language skills through sustained practice of complex language functions.
The document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities focusing on English language learning, including games, drills, and exercises to practice vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and other skills. The activities involve actions, pictures, movement, and interaction to engage students visually and physically in addition to language practice. The variety of activity types allows teachers to select methods suitable for different language focuses and skill levels.
The document describes 32 English language activities for students. The activities focus on practicing vocabulary, grammar structures, and language skills through games, pictures, gestures, and physical movement. Some key activities involve matching pictures to numbers, memorizing pictures, guessing covered parts of pictures, and hot potato games to practice adjectives, prepositions, and other language targets kinesthetically and visually. Overall, the activities aim to make English learning fun and engaging for students.
This document contains a lesson plan for an English class focusing on food vocabulary and habits. The lesson plan spans multiple class periods and includes the following key elements:
- A warm-up activity to review prior vocabulary (word chain game)
- Introduction and practice of new food-related vocabulary
- Listening comprehension exercises on food preferences
- Pair work where students discuss their favorite foods
- Grammar explanations and practice related to food preferences
- Closing activities where students ask each other questions about food in their refrigerators
The lesson plan provides detailed instructions for implementing reciprocal teaching strategies to give students practice using targeted language functions and receive feedback through various pair and group activities focused on food topics.
This document provides guidance for teachers on assessment approaches in primary education. It discusses formative and summative assessment. Formative assessment includes both activity-based assessment (FA(a)) and content-based assessment (FA(b)). FA(a) allows students to express themselves through activities and is assessed based on teacher observation. FA(b) evaluates cognitive skills through written responses. Summative assessment occurs at the end of a term to evaluate learning. The document provides examples of assessment activities and guidance on skills students should acquire by the end of each term.
This document describes 36 different activities that can be used to teach English language skills. The activities include using pictures to teach vocabulary, memorization games, acting out verbs and emotions, completing sentences with colored words, and taste testing foods to teach vocabulary. The activities target a variety of language skills like vocabulary, grammar structures, listening, speaking, and revision through kinesthetic and engaging means like competition, acting, and using multiple senses.
The English language has a complex writing system where letters represent sounds in various ways: one sound can be represented by multiple letters or letter combinations, and one letter or group can represent multiple sounds. This alphabetic code is challenging to teach, as teachers must explain the relationships between sounds and spellings while addressing issues like accents and irregular spellings. The document provides guidance on teaching the code through systematic phonics instruction, including teaching the basic code first before more complex spellings, providing practice with decoding and encoding skills, and addressing related skills like handwriting.
The document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities for teaching English. The activities focus on a variety of language skills including vocabulary, grammar, speaking, and listening. Some example activities described are matching pictures to numbers, memorizing pictures, guessing covered parts of pictures, and playing games like hot potato and Simon says to reinforce vocabulary.
This lesson plan outlines activities for three English lessons focusing on reacquainting someone, showing concern about an injury, and suggesting a new remedy. Each lesson includes a warm-up activity, vocabulary exercises, grammar explanations and practice, listening comprehension activities, pronunciation drills, conversation models, and a wrap-up. The teacher provides structured support and feedback at each stage to help students improve their English language skills through sustained practice of complex language functions.
This document is a past examination paper for the Teaching Knowledge Test, Module 1. It contains 80 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of language and background to language learning and teaching. The questions cover topics such as parts of speech, phonology, grammar, vocabulary and classroom activities. Learners have 1 hour and 20 minutes to complete the test.
This document outlines competencies and content standards for mother tongue development in grades 1-3. It covers oral language skills like listening comprehension, sequencing events, relating stories to personal experiences, and discussing texts. It also covers phonological skills, book and print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, word recognition, fluency, spelling, handwriting, and composing. The standards progress from basic skills like identifying letters and sounds in grade 1 to more advanced skills like inferring characters' feelings and predicting outcomes in grades 2-3. The overall purpose is to develop students' competency in their mother tongue across multiple literacy domains.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Teacher's Guide for the first year middle school English coursebook. It outlines the objectives of the coursebook, which are to develop students' English competencies in an integrated manner through listening, speaking, reading and writing. It emphasizes using a competency-based approach that links what is learned in school to real-world contexts. The guide is intended to help teachers effectively plan lessons and accommodate different learning styles by using a variety of teaching methods and techniques.
This document outlines the Philippine Elementary Learning Competencies (PELC) for English in grades 1-6. It describes the focus areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for each grade level. Key points include:
- English aims to develop competence in communication through listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- Grade 1 focuses on developing basic literacy skills like letter recognition and sight words. Grade 3 is a threshold for reading fluency.
- Time allotment is 100 minutes for grades 1-3 and 80 minutes for grades 4-6, to develop foundational skills early on.
- Expectations increase each year for listening comprehension, oral expression, reading fluency and independence, and
Spelling is a developmental process that occurs in stages and is essential for effective communication and reading. It should be taught using a variety of strategies in a positive classroom environment with support from parents. Assessment is used to identify strengths and weaknesses to guide instruction.
This document discusses various classroom management techniques for teachers with sections on student and teacher talking time, using students' native language, dealing with mixed-ability classes, large class sizes, and assigning homework. It provides examples of seating arrangements, grouping students, and actions teachers can take regarding issues like students not doing homework or constantly speaking their native language in class. Overall, the document offers advice and strategies for teachers to effectively manage their classroom and engage all students.
This document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities for teaching English. The activities cover a range of language focuses including vocabulary, grammar structures, speaking and listening skills. Some key activities include: matching pictures to numbers to practice adjectives, clothes and colors; feeling jars to act out and guess feelings; ready-made pictures to describe daily activities; and taste teaching to learn fruits and vegetables using senses. The activities suggest ways to make English learning engaging and interactive for students.
File4 around the world 3 am level- according to the atf & aef competMr Bounab Samir
This document contains a lesson plan for a 3rd year English class focusing on the topic of "Around the World". The lesson plan includes the following:
1) Objectives of describing and comparing countries, discussing distances, orientations, and time. Grammar focuses on adjectives and comparatives.
2) A warm-up activity having students interpret photos and describe places.
3) A project where students make a profile of their country, including locating it, describing cities and monuments, traditions, and particularities.
4) Listening activities comparing countries on a map and filling in a table with information about Algeria. Comparisons are made of climate and highest peaks.
5) Practice dialog
The document outlines a mathematics teaching plan for a group presentation, listing the group members and their student IDs and semester. It provides the lecture information for the Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika at the Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan of Universitas Bengkulu in 2012.
This document outlines the K to 12 curriculum guide for teaching Mother Tongue (the learner's first language) in Grade 1 in the Philippines. It includes the overall goal of developing functionally literate and holistically developed Filipino learners. It describes the desired learning outcomes and core standards for oral language, phonological skills, book and print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, word recognition, and fluency. Performance standards and competencies are provided for each area to guide teaching students basic communication and literacy skills in their first language.
The document provides a lesson plan for an English class at SMPN 2 Demak. The plan covers 12 meetings and focuses on developing students' understanding of functional texts, including signs, messages, invitations, letters, announcements, and songs. Each meeting involves pre-reading, whilst-reading, and post-reading activities using the three-phase technique and total physical response method. Assessment includes tests of students' ability to understand implicit and explicit meaning from the texts and provide verbal responses about songs. The goal is for students to gain competency in comprehending social and academic English contexts.
Ms1 level file 5 environment according to atf & aef Mr Bounab Samir
In this file 5 of the MS one level teachers need to teach only sequence One and Two , the third one is omitted according to the New Slimming of the syllabuss september 2013. Good Luck
This document provides a microcurricular plan for an English as a Foreign Language class at a school in Manabi Province, Ecuador. It outlines the unit objectives, skills to be developed, lesson plans, activities and evaluation criteria for three lessons on greetings, family members and phonics. The lessons aim to help students communicate basic greetings and family relationships in English through speaking, reading, writing and music activities while developing cultural awareness. Progress will be evaluated through observation, checklists, quizzes and participation.
The document provides details for a lesson plan on cultural awareness that introduces students to different countries and cultures. The plan aims to teach students about the verb "to be" while having them discuss cultural differences and norms in small groups. A variety of activities are outlined to engage students in learning about other places and reflecting on their own cultural experiences.
This document outlines a mathematics teaching plan for presenting information to students. It includes 5 group members' names and details of the course such as the lecturer and university. It then lists 4 sections of comments and examples for the group to discuss regarding a video on teaching skills, demonstrating concepts using props, responding to student diversity, and providing clear directions. The plan aims to help the group think through effective strategies for presenting mathematical content to students.
This document provides vocabulary definitions for terms related to English language teaching. It defines words like lingua franca, functions, independent English users, communicate effectively, and real time. It also defines concepts like linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, pragmatic competence, and components of language. Text types are defined, such as informational texts, transactional texts, expository texts, procedural texts and narrative texts. Language domains, such as personal, educational, public and vocational are also defined.
File4 around the world 3 am level- according to the atf & aef competMr Bounab Samir
This document contains a lesson plan for a 3rd year English class focusing on the topic of "Around the World". The lesson plan includes the following:
1) Objectives of describing and comparing countries, discussing distances, orientations, and time. Grammar focuses on adjectives and comparatives.
2) A warm-up activity having students interpret photos and describe places.
3) A project where students make a profile of their country, including locating it, describing cities and monuments, traditions, and particularities.
4) Listening activities comparing countries on a map and filling in a table with information about Algeria. Comparisons are made of climate and highest peaks.
5) Practice dialog
This document contains notes from an unknown language journal about lessons in Swahili. It summarizes:
1) The aims of the first four Swahili lessons which included greetings, numbers, nouns, verbs, and basic grammar structures. Vocabulary topics included colors, family, animals, days, and months.
2) How different materials like a door, overhead projector, and whiteboard were used to engage students and help them learn. Student feedback found the materials helpful.
3) Classroom interaction patterns used effectively, such as the teacher demonstrating with props, students writing their phone numbers, and pairing students to practice.
4) Similarities and differences between Swahili and other languages in grammar
English k to 12 curriculum guide grades 1 to 3, 7 to 10Whiteboard Marker
This document provides the K to 12 curriculum guide for English in the Philippines. It outlines the content and performance standards as well as competencies for oral language, phonics and word recognition, grammar, vocabulary development, and listening comprehension from Grades 1 to 3 and Grades 7 to 10. The guide focuses on developing learners' understanding and use of English in both oral and written communication. It emphasizes acquiring vocabulary, comprehending texts listened to, and correctly applying grammatical rules.
This document contains definitions and teaching strategies for various linguistic terms. It includes definitions for terms like accuracy, adverb, antonym, appropriate, chunk, coherence, cohesion, collocation, complex, comprehension, confidence, conjunction, consonant, context, contraction, convey, determiner, discourse, and draft. For each term, it provides an example and suggests how a teacher could explain the concept, such as using posters, games, group activities, and examples in teaching about determiners, conjunctions, collocations and other linguistic features.
This document contains definitions and teaching strategies for various linguistic terms. It includes definitions for terms like accuracy, adverb, antonym, appropriate, chunk, coherence, cohesion, collocation, complex, comprehension, confidence, conjunction, consonant, context, contraction, convey, determiner, discourse, and draft. For each term, it provides an example sentence and suggests how a teacher could explain the concept, such as using posters, games, group activities, and examples in teaching about determiners, conjunctions, collocations and other linguistic features.
This document is a past examination paper for the Teaching Knowledge Test, Module 1. It contains 80 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of language and background to language learning and teaching. The questions cover topics such as parts of speech, phonology, grammar, vocabulary and classroom activities. Learners have 1 hour and 20 minutes to complete the test.
This document outlines competencies and content standards for mother tongue development in grades 1-3. It covers oral language skills like listening comprehension, sequencing events, relating stories to personal experiences, and discussing texts. It also covers phonological skills, book and print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, word recognition, fluency, spelling, handwriting, and composing. The standards progress from basic skills like identifying letters and sounds in grade 1 to more advanced skills like inferring characters' feelings and predicting outcomes in grades 2-3. The overall purpose is to develop students' competency in their mother tongue across multiple literacy domains.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Teacher's Guide for the first year middle school English coursebook. It outlines the objectives of the coursebook, which are to develop students' English competencies in an integrated manner through listening, speaking, reading and writing. It emphasizes using a competency-based approach that links what is learned in school to real-world contexts. The guide is intended to help teachers effectively plan lessons and accommodate different learning styles by using a variety of teaching methods and techniques.
This document outlines the Philippine Elementary Learning Competencies (PELC) for English in grades 1-6. It describes the focus areas of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for each grade level. Key points include:
- English aims to develop competence in communication through listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- Grade 1 focuses on developing basic literacy skills like letter recognition and sight words. Grade 3 is a threshold for reading fluency.
- Time allotment is 100 minutes for grades 1-3 and 80 minutes for grades 4-6, to develop foundational skills early on.
- Expectations increase each year for listening comprehension, oral expression, reading fluency and independence, and
Spelling is a developmental process that occurs in stages and is essential for effective communication and reading. It should be taught using a variety of strategies in a positive classroom environment with support from parents. Assessment is used to identify strengths and weaknesses to guide instruction.
This document discusses various classroom management techniques for teachers with sections on student and teacher talking time, using students' native language, dealing with mixed-ability classes, large class sizes, and assigning homework. It provides examples of seating arrangements, grouping students, and actions teachers can take regarding issues like students not doing homework or constantly speaking their native language in class. Overall, the document offers advice and strategies for teachers to effectively manage their classroom and engage all students.
This document provides descriptions of 36 different classroom activities for teaching English. The activities cover a range of language focuses including vocabulary, grammar structures, speaking and listening skills. Some key activities include: matching pictures to numbers to practice adjectives, clothes and colors; feeling jars to act out and guess feelings; ready-made pictures to describe daily activities; and taste teaching to learn fruits and vegetables using senses. The activities suggest ways to make English learning engaging and interactive for students.
File4 around the world 3 am level- according to the atf & aef competMr Bounab Samir
This document contains a lesson plan for a 3rd year English class focusing on the topic of "Around the World". The lesson plan includes the following:
1) Objectives of describing and comparing countries, discussing distances, orientations, and time. Grammar focuses on adjectives and comparatives.
2) A warm-up activity having students interpret photos and describe places.
3) A project where students make a profile of their country, including locating it, describing cities and monuments, traditions, and particularities.
4) Listening activities comparing countries on a map and filling in a table with information about Algeria. Comparisons are made of climate and highest peaks.
5) Practice dialog
The document outlines a mathematics teaching plan for a group presentation, listing the group members and their student IDs and semester. It provides the lecture information for the Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika at the Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan of Universitas Bengkulu in 2012.
This document outlines the K to 12 curriculum guide for teaching Mother Tongue (the learner's first language) in Grade 1 in the Philippines. It includes the overall goal of developing functionally literate and holistically developed Filipino learners. It describes the desired learning outcomes and core standards for oral language, phonological skills, book and print knowledge, alphabet knowledge, word recognition, and fluency. Performance standards and competencies are provided for each area to guide teaching students basic communication and literacy skills in their first language.
The document provides a lesson plan for an English class at SMPN 2 Demak. The plan covers 12 meetings and focuses on developing students' understanding of functional texts, including signs, messages, invitations, letters, announcements, and songs. Each meeting involves pre-reading, whilst-reading, and post-reading activities using the three-phase technique and total physical response method. Assessment includes tests of students' ability to understand implicit and explicit meaning from the texts and provide verbal responses about songs. The goal is for students to gain competency in comprehending social and academic English contexts.
Ms1 level file 5 environment according to atf & aef Mr Bounab Samir
In this file 5 of the MS one level teachers need to teach only sequence One and Two , the third one is omitted according to the New Slimming of the syllabuss september 2013. Good Luck
This document provides a microcurricular plan for an English as a Foreign Language class at a school in Manabi Province, Ecuador. It outlines the unit objectives, skills to be developed, lesson plans, activities and evaluation criteria for three lessons on greetings, family members and phonics. The lessons aim to help students communicate basic greetings and family relationships in English through speaking, reading, writing and music activities while developing cultural awareness. Progress will be evaluated through observation, checklists, quizzes and participation.
The document provides details for a lesson plan on cultural awareness that introduces students to different countries and cultures. The plan aims to teach students about the verb "to be" while having them discuss cultural differences and norms in small groups. A variety of activities are outlined to engage students in learning about other places and reflecting on their own cultural experiences.
This document outlines a mathematics teaching plan for presenting information to students. It includes 5 group members' names and details of the course such as the lecturer and university. It then lists 4 sections of comments and examples for the group to discuss regarding a video on teaching skills, demonstrating concepts using props, responding to student diversity, and providing clear directions. The plan aims to help the group think through effective strategies for presenting mathematical content to students.
This document provides vocabulary definitions for terms related to English language teaching. It defines words like lingua franca, functions, independent English users, communicate effectively, and real time. It also defines concepts like linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, pragmatic competence, and components of language. Text types are defined, such as informational texts, transactional texts, expository texts, procedural texts and narrative texts. Language domains, such as personal, educational, public and vocational are also defined.
File4 around the world 3 am level- according to the atf & aef competMr Bounab Samir
This document contains a lesson plan for a 3rd year English class focusing on the topic of "Around the World". The lesson plan includes the following:
1) Objectives of describing and comparing countries, discussing distances, orientations, and time. Grammar focuses on adjectives and comparatives.
2) A warm-up activity having students interpret photos and describe places.
3) A project where students make a profile of their country, including locating it, describing cities and monuments, traditions, and particularities.
4) Listening activities comparing countries on a map and filling in a table with information about Algeria. Comparisons are made of climate and highest peaks.
5) Practice dialog
This document contains notes from an unknown language journal about lessons in Swahili. It summarizes:
1) The aims of the first four Swahili lessons which included greetings, numbers, nouns, verbs, and basic grammar structures. Vocabulary topics included colors, family, animals, days, and months.
2) How different materials like a door, overhead projector, and whiteboard were used to engage students and help them learn. Student feedback found the materials helpful.
3) Classroom interaction patterns used effectively, such as the teacher demonstrating with props, students writing their phone numbers, and pairing students to practice.
4) Similarities and differences between Swahili and other languages in grammar
English k to 12 curriculum guide grades 1 to 3, 7 to 10Whiteboard Marker
This document provides the K to 12 curriculum guide for English in the Philippines. It outlines the content and performance standards as well as competencies for oral language, phonics and word recognition, grammar, vocabulary development, and listening comprehension from Grades 1 to 3 and Grades 7 to 10. The guide focuses on developing learners' understanding and use of English in both oral and written communication. It emphasizes acquiring vocabulary, comprehending texts listened to, and correctly applying grammatical rules.
This document contains definitions and teaching strategies for various linguistic terms. It includes definitions for terms like accuracy, adverb, antonym, appropriate, chunk, coherence, cohesion, collocation, complex, comprehension, confidence, conjunction, consonant, context, contraction, convey, determiner, discourse, and draft. For each term, it provides an example and suggests how a teacher could explain the concept, such as using posters, games, group activities, and examples in teaching about determiners, conjunctions, collocations and other linguistic features.
This document contains definitions and teaching strategies for various linguistic terms. It includes definitions for terms like accuracy, adverb, antonym, appropriate, chunk, coherence, cohesion, collocation, complex, comprehension, confidence, conjunction, consonant, context, contraction, convey, determiner, discourse, and draft. For each term, it provides an example sentence and suggests how a teacher could explain the concept, such as using posters, games, group activities, and examples in teaching about determiners, conjunctions, collocations and other linguistic features.
This document provides definitions, examples, and teaching strategies for various linguistic terms. It defines terms like accuracy, adverb, antonym, appropriate, chunk, coherence, cohesion, collocation, complex, comprehension, and confidence. For each term, it gives a simple example sentence. It also provides a strategy for how to teach each term, such as using flashcards, posters, games, role plays, and group activities.
This document contains a summary of teaching strategies for various English grammar and language concepts for an English teaching qualification (TKT). It includes definitions and examples for key terms like form, feature, function, and accuracy. It also provides teaching suggestions for topics such as noun phrases, adverbs, context, and phonology concepts like diphthongs. The document aims to equip English language teachers with research-backed strategies for explaining grammar, building vocabulary, and developing students' language skills.
The document is a glossary containing definitions and teaching methods for various linguistic terms. It includes entries for terms like accuracy, adjective, adverb, antonym, appropriacy, asking for clarification, authentic material, base form, chunk, compound, consonants, contraction, controlled practice, deducing meaning from context, determiner, drafting, and editing. For each term, it provides a definition, reflection on usage, and suggestions for teaching methods like using flashcards, games, or authentic texts.
This document contains definitions and teaching examples for various English language teaching terms. It defines words related to accuracy, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, discourse, and language functions. For each term, it provides the definition, phonetic transcription, example usage, and a proposed way to teach the concept in the classroom. The purpose is to build teachers' understanding of key linguistic concepts and strategies for instruction.
This document contains definitions and teaching strategies for linguistic concepts related to the Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT). It includes 21 entries covering terms like affix, base form, clause, diphthong, phoneme, and primary stress. For each term, the document provides a phonetic script, definition, example, and suggestions for how to teach the concept to students through activities, games, and using authentic materials. The overall document serves as a reference for concepts essential to understanding language teaching on the TKT exam.
This document provides definitions and examples for English language teaching terminology. It defines terms such as accuracy, affix, authentic material, coherence, cohesion, collocation, context, controlled practice, convey meaning, emphasis, encourage, error, false friends, feature, form, formal language, and function. For each term, it gives a simple definition, example of use, and suggestion for how to teach the concept in the classroom.
This document provides definitions for linguistic terms in a glossary format. Each term includes an example sentence and a brief description of how to teach the concept in the classroom. Some key terms defined include accuracy, authentic materials, coherence, collocation, context, and emphasis. Teaching methods suggested include role plays, dialogs, grouping words by meaning, and focusing practice on specific grammar structures.
The document provides definitions and teaching processes for various linguistic concepts. For affixes, suffixes, and prefixes, teachers provide lists and activities for students to memorize examples. For contractions, intonation, and syllables, teachers use demonstrations, recordings, and clapping to help students practice pronunciation. Brainstorming, coherence, and cohesion are taught through writing activities where teachers model structure and students practice joining ideas.
This document contains definitions for glossary terms related to language teaching, including abbreviations, abstract concepts, accuracy, acknowledge, adverbs, affixes, coherence, cohesion, collocations, conjunctions, contractions, editing, eliciting, encouraging, features, fluency, functions, hesitation, homonyms, and homophones. Each term includes the definition, phonetic transcription, example, and a suggestion for how to teach the term. The document was created by Mery Portugal for a class at Universidad Tecnica de Ambato in Ecuador.
This document contains definitions for glossary terms related to language teaching, including abbreviations, abstract, accuracy, acknowledge, adverb, affix, coherence, cohesion, collocation, conjunction, contraction, edit, elicit, encourage, feature, fluency, function, hesitation, homonym, and homophone. Each term includes the definition, phonetic transcription, example, and a suggestion for how to teach the term. The document was created by Mery Portugal for a class at Universidad Tecnica de Ambato on November 14, 2014.
This document contains definitions for various linguistic terms from TKT (Teaching Knowledge Test) Modules 1 to 8. It includes the phonetic transcription, definition and an example for each term. For many terms it also provides suggestions on how to teach that term to students, such as using pictures, flashcards, role plays etc. The terms cover topics in phonetics, grammar, vocabulary and language use.
This document provides definitions and examples for several English language teaching terms. It defines terms like autonomy, achievement, adverb, appropriacy, analysis, anaphoric reference, aspect, and summarizes how each could be taught in the classroom with examples. The document is a reference sheet for language teaching terminology.
This document provides teaching strategies for vocabulary terms related to English language teaching. It defines terms such as affix, conjunction, contrast clauses, determiner, preposition, pronoun, word class, adjectives, brainstorm, chunks, collocations, compound nouns, false friends, idioms, lexical set, word family, confidence, and contraction. For each term, it provides a concept definition, example, and suggestion for how to teach that term to students. The overall document aims to equip English language teachers with methods for instructing students on core vocabulary and grammar.
This document provides definitions, examples, and suggestions for how to teach 20 vocabulary words related to linguistics. It defines words like form, parts of speech, prefixes, suffixes, determiners, function, and accuracy. For each word, it gives a definition in simple terms, an example sentence using the word, and a suggestion for when and how to teach that word to students, such as relating it to other grammar structures being learned. The document aims to help teachers understand complex linguistic terms and identify opportunities to introduce vocabulary during their lessons.
This document provides teaching tips and examples for several English grammar topics including parts of speech, affixes, collocations, idioms, and phonology concepts like connected speech, intonation, minimal pairs, and phonemes. It offers guidance for activities and games teachers can use to help students understand and practice these essential linguistic concepts in an engaging way, such as using flashcards, matching exercises, dictations and tongue twisters.
This document provides definitions and teaching examples for various linguistic concepts. It defines terms like focus on form, prefixes, suffixes, determiners, synonyms, chunks, homophones, compounds, and others. For each term, it gives a definition and proposes a way to teach the concept to students, such as having students write sentences using a particular structure or identify examples of the concept in texts. The overall purpose is to explain linguistic concepts and provide teaching methods to help students learn and understand and these concepts.
This document provides a vocabulary guide for teaching English as a second language. It includes definitions, phonetic transcriptions, examples, and teaching methods for various linguistic terms from A to Z. For each term, the guide lists a definition, phonetic transcription, example, and how the author would teach that term to students. Some of the terms covered include accuracy, compound nouns, conjunctions, determiners, nouns, prefixes, and suffixes.
This presentation contains the main words from TKT (TEACHING KNOWLEDGE TEST) Book . In addition, each word has the definition,example synonyms, antonyms,colloquial language,context clue,and how teachers can teach at classroom and the page where are the words to find easier. Finally , these cards will help you in the teaching/ learning process.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. CARD
1
DEFINITION.-A meaningful group of letters added to the beginning
or end of a word to make a new word, which can be a different
part of speech from the original word.
A
To teach this first of all , we have to know
and learn prefixes and suffixes.Using
flash cards the teacher can show their
students the variety of them and given
some examples for each one.
EXAMPLE: interview, interviewer.
ə-ˈfiks, Affix
3. CARD
2
DEFINITION.-A sound produced by stopping the air flow then
releasing it with friction. A
Using a phoneme chart , the teacher can
use it in order to show students the
differentiation of each sound
emphasizing on affricate sounds.
EXAMPLE: / tâ / , / dΩ /.
ˈa-fri-kətAffricate
4. CARD
3
DEFINITION.-The use of correct forms of grammar, vocabulary,
spelling and pronunciation. In an accuracy activity, teachers and
learners typically focus on using and producing language correctly.
A
Teachers have to correct every students’
mistake.It means in grammar structure,
vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation.
The best way to do that is when students
have writing activites.
EXAMPLE:
He was working every single momment in
his short life.
/ˈækjʊrəsɪ/Accuracy
5. CARD
4
DEFINITION.-A shorter form of a group of words, which usually
occurs in auxiliary verbs. C
An easy way to teach contractions is
writing on the board and giving some
exaples when we can use contractions.
Students can write their own exampes.
EXAMPLE: you have = you’ve; it is =
it’s.
/kənˈtrækʃən/Contraction
6. CARD
5
DEFINITION.-To express or communicate meaning. Teachers focus
on conveying meaning when they present new language. C
I believe by using planning to make better
learning for our students.Teachers are not only
teaching them words and phrases, but the ability
to convey and understand new meaning within
the framework of the language they want to
learn.
EXAMPLE: The word you want to
translate to doesn't always cover the same
range of meaning and connotation of the
target word.
/kənˈveɪ/ /ˈmiːnɪŋ/Convey meaning
7. CARD
6
DEFINITION.-Any pair or group of words commonly found together
or near one another. C
Give a list of chunks to the students.After
that , using chain drills strategy, they
haver to give one of them without repeat
the same .This activity could be orally
and writing.
EXAMPLE:phrasal verbs, idioms,
collocations,fixed expressions.
Wha’s up ?
/tʃʌŋk/Chunk
8. CARD
7
DEFINITION.-Words which are regularly used together. The relation
between the words may be grammatical, for example when
certain verbs/adjectives collocate with particular prepositions.
C
To teach collocation in a funny way, teacher has
to use flash cards and write a sentence in
parts.After that, the teacher has to give them to
the students and they have to arrange the
sentence with a coherence meaning.In that way
they are lerning collocation.
EXAMPLE:
depend on, good at or when a verb like
make or do
collocates with a noun.
do the shopping, make a plan.
/ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃən/Collocation
9. CARD
8
DEFINITION.- Nouns, verbs, adjectives or prepositions that are made
up of two or more words and have one unit of meaning. C
To teach compound students have to
differentiate nouns, verbs and adjectives.It is
complex to teach it but the best way is giving
examples.While more examples and new
vocabulary students know, it will be better for
them in order to forms their unit of meaning.
EXAMPLE: assistant office manager,
long-legged.
/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/Compound
10. CARD
9
DEFINITION.-The situation in which language is used or presented.
C
Teacher has to show students different kind of
readings and then he has to emphasize the
context of each Reading . It is useful for them
because they will notice those features of each
context.
EXAMPLE: a story about a holiday
experience could be used as
the context to present and practice past
tenses.
/ˈkɒntekst/Context
11. CARD
10
DEFINITION.-A sound in which the air is partly blocked by the lips,
tongue, teeth etc. Any letter of the English alphabet which
represents these sounds.
C
To teach consonants teacher has to devide them
in voiced and unvoiced sounds because it will be
easiest for students learn by sounds. According to
this teacher may apply listening activities.
EXAMPLE:
d /d/, c /k/.
/ˈkɒnsənənt/Consonant
12. CARD
11
DEFINITION.-Language normally used in informal conversation but
not in formal speech or writing. C
To teach colloqial teacher has to give students an
script of a dialogue.Then they have to performe in
a role-play.Finally when they finish it , teacher
explains what is colloquial and highlight them in
the script.
EXAMPLE:
Give Gran a ring, OK?
/kəˈləʊkwɪəl/Colloquial
13. CARD
12
DEFINITION.- When ideas in a spoken or written text fit together
clearly and smoothly, and so are logical and make sense to the
listener or reader.
C
To teach coherence to students the teacher could
read a short passage to them and they have to
give an opinión related to the topic.This activity
helps students to get coherence in each word that
the student say.
EXAMPLE:The house has been expanded
and remodeled so many times that now
it's a jumbled mess that lacks coherence.
/kō-ˈhir-ən(t)s/Coherence
14. CARD
13
DEFINITION.-The way spoken or written texts are joined together
with logical grammar or lexis. C
To teach this first of all the teacher has to
introduce linking words such as first, then, next,
thus, furthermore, also, moreover, therefore, etc.
After that give an example using those linking
words.It could be in a essay, article, letter.So, this
will help students to get cohesion.
EXAMPLE:
conjunctions (Firstly, secondly),
lexical sets, referring words (it, them,
this).
/kəʊˈhiːʒən/Cohesion
15. CARD
14
DEFINITION.-A feature in a text which provides cohesion.
C
To teach this first of all the teacher has to introduce
linking words such as first, then, next, thus,
furthermore, also, moreover, therefore, etc. After that
give an example using those linking words.It could be in
a essay, article, letter.So, this will help students to get
cohesion.
EXAMPLE:use of topic-related
vocabulary throughout a text, of
sequencing Words, of referencing words,
of conjunctions.
/kəʊˈhiːsɪv/
/dɪˈvaɪs/
Cohesive device
16. CARD
15
DEFINITION.-Spoken language in which the words join to form a
connected stream of sounds. In connected speech some sounds
in words may be left out or may be pronounced in a weak way.
C
Teachers help students understanding the
tendency of English to simplify and link words
together in the stream of speech, in order to help
the language flow rhythmically.
EXAMPLE:Is he busy?
/kəˈnektɪd/ /spiːtʃ/Connected speech
17. CARD
16
DEFINITION.-To make clear what you mean.
C
The best way to clarify is asking questoins like in
Reading comprehension.It helps to know if
students have a clear idea of what the Reading is
about.
EXAMPLE: When teachers focus on
form, meaning and pronunciation to help
learners understand.
/ˈklærɪfaɪ/Clarify
18. CARD
17
DEFINITION.- It is used to express an unusual or emphatic meaning
in a sentence. It involves stressing the important word according to the
different meanings.
C
To teach this, students could listen to recordings
and choose which meaning matches best. It heap
them to differentiate which are the most
important words in each sentence.
EXAMPLE:
It was my AUNT who bought the car (not
my
uncle) or My aunt bought the CAKE (not
the biscuits)!
/kənˈtrɑːstɪv/
/stres/
Contrastive stress
19. CARD
18
DEFINITION.-A vowel combination which is pronounced by moving
from one vowel to another. D
Introduce the topic explaining what is a
diphthong and where they can find them.Alter
that make a list on the board with all the
diphthongs that students found.Finally, with that
list write sentences.
EXAMPLE:
/ aˆ / as in my is pronounced
by moving from / æ /to / ˆ /.
/ˈdif-ˌthȯŋ/Diphthong
20. CARD
19
DEFINITION.- A draft is a piece of writing that is not yet finished, and
may be changed. D
Ask students to make a brainstorm about any
topic that they want to write .After that, they
have to write their first draft with all the
ideas.Then they must arrange ideas and change
them or correct mistakes that they could have in
their paragraphs.
EXAMPLE:A writer drafts a piece of
writing. That is, they write it for the first
time but not exactly as it will be when it is
finished.
/drɑːft/Draft
21. CARD
20
DEFINITION.-A determiner is used to make clear which noun is
referred to, or to give information about quantity, and includes
words such as the, a, this, that, my, some.
D
Explain what does deterniner means and after
that give to the students a passage in which they
have to underline every single deterniner that
they can find. Finally, make a list with them.
EXAMPLE:
That car is mine.
/dɪˈt3ːmɪnə/Determiner
22. CARD
21
DEFINITION.- To identify the difference between two or more things,
e.g. sound discrimination is hearing the differences between
sounds, particularly minimal pairs.
D
It is useful in listening activities beacuse students
have to distinguish sounds.On the other hand, it
is appropriate to look at the difference in
homonyms or homophones.
EXAMPLE:
not/lot ; ship/sheep.
/dɪsˈtɪŋgwɪʃ/Distinguish
23. CARD
22
DEFINITION.-When special force or attention is given to a word or
information because it is important. E
To teach this,the teacher has to write on the
board a sentence and then he and their students
have to choose the most important word .It is
useful to emphasize those words with an
appropriate intonation.
EXAMPLE:
I want to start the lesson
at SIX o’clock not seven o’clock.
/ˈemfəsaɪz/Emphasize
24. CARD
23
DEFINITION.-An example of a grammar point, function or lexical set.
E
Using flashcards teacher can show
students a lexical set .Most of the
students are visual for that reason that
strategy helps a lot to learn.
EXAMPLE: Car, Mobile, train, bike,
airplane, bus, computer, cellphone,
homework, etc.
/eksˈpəʊnənt/Exponent
25. CARD
24
DEFINITION.-A feature of something is an interesting or important
part or characteristic of it. F
Teacher give many kind of readings and students
have to find and understand every feature of each
Reading.
EXAMPLE:The sentence I can
play tennis. In connected speech, can is
pronounced / kWn / – the weak form / W /
is a feature of this sentence.
/ˈfiːtʃəʳ/Feature
26. CARD
25
DEFINITION.- The form of a grammatical structure is the way it is
written or pronounced and the parts which combine to make it. F
Teacher has to introduce a tense chart in which
students might notice the structure of each tense
in a language.
EXAMPLE: The present perfect
(grammatical structure) is made up of
have + past participle (the form).
/fɔːm/Form
27. CARD
26
DEFINITION.-A word in the target language which looks or sounds as
if it has the same meaning as a similar word in the learners’
first language but does not.
F
To teach this we have to introduce a Little bit of
culture of a country in order to understand the
difference of meaning.Another way could be
teaching writing exampleson the board.
EXAMPLE:In French, ‘librairie’ is a place where
people can buy books. In English, a library is
where you may go to borrow books rather than
somewhere where you go to buy books (a
bookshop).
/frend/False friend
28. CARD
27
DEFINITION.- Formal register or language is that used in
serious or important situations. F
Introduce modals to students and teach them
when they are useful.teacher can give some
examples using modals.
EXAMPLE: In a job application.
Could you give me the newspaper, please
?
/fɔːˈmælɪtɪ/Formality
29. CARD
28
DEFINITION.- The reason or purpose for communication.
F
Introduce this topic asking students the use of
language. Prepare a debate about this and
students form their own knowledge about it.
EXAMPLE: Making a suggestion; giving
advice.
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/Function
30. CARD
29
DEFINITION.-, global understanding, listening/reading for gist,
listening/reading for global understanding. To read or listen to a text
and understand the general meaning of it, without paying attention to
specific details.
G
Present to the students a motivation Reading and
ask them to read in order to give their conclusión
or the moral of the story.
EXAMPLE: See detail, read for detail,
listen for detail.
/ˈjist/Gist
31. CARD
30
DEFINITION.- A word with the same spelling and pronunciation as
another word, but which has a different meaning. H
Writing some examples on the board.Teacher has
to explain them how we can differenciate in a
sentence according to the context. Introduce as
many words as you can.
EXAMPLE: . bit (past tense of ‘bite’) and
a bit (a little).
/ˈhɒmənɪm/Homonym
32. CARD
31
DEFINITION.- A pause before or while doing or saying something.
Learners often hesitate if they are trying to find the correct words
to say, because they need more time to think.
H
To teach this I think the best way is that students
prepare a role-play in few minutes. It helpS them
to improvise the dialogue and talk in a natural
form.
EXAMPLE: I am doing my homework,
so I … ??? …
I have to finish it .
/ˌhezɪˈteɪʃən/Hesitation
33. CARD
32
DEFINITION.- Informal register or language is that used in relaxed or
friendly situations. I
Teacher has to introduce the topic giving some
idioms, slangs because they are most common in
informality speech.Teacher can organize
Pictionary activity with those slangs and idioms in
order to learn in a funny way.
EXAMPLE:
With family or friends.
What’s up man ?
/in-fawr-mal-i-tee/Informality
34. CARD
33
DEFINITION.- To decide how a writer or speaker feels about
something from the way that they speak or write, rather than from
what they openly say.
I
Teacher has to provide students short readings
with multiple choice questions in which they have
to infer what the author think about it .Another
way is using the same Reading before to read, ask
students about what the Reading is going to be. It
halps them to clarify their ideas of the Reading.
EXAMPLE: I will infer conclusions from
that author.
/ɪnˈf3ːʳ/Infer
35. CARD
34
DEFINITION.- Interaction is ‘two-way communication’ between
listener and speaker, or reader and text. I
Prepare with students a debate about any topic
that they could talk. If it is not useful, they can
perform a role-play or an interview. Teacher has
to find student’s confidence in order to produce
the language .
EXAMPLE: Eye contact, use of gestures,
functions such as repeating, asking for
clarification.
/ˌɪntərˈækʃən/Interaction
36. CARD
35
DEFINITION.- (Also vocabulary)
Individual words or sets of words. L
Introducing thisWord giving lot of vocabulary ,
teacher have to define thisWord and students will
understand in an easy way.
EXAMPLE: Homework, study,
whiteboard, get dressed, be on time.
/lek-sis/Lexis
37. CARD
36
DEFINITION.-The way in which a text is organized and presented on
a page. Certain texts have special layouts. L
Explain students the different styles od writing,
they could be letter , newspapers, essays, etc.
Teacher has to present the correct text
organization for each one. After that, students
have to write their own writing.
EXAMPLE:. Letters and
newspaper articles.
/ley-out/Layout
38. CARD
37
DEFINITION.- A lead-in often includes an introduction to the topic of
the text or main task and possibly study of some new key language
required for the text or main task.
L
Present to the students the difference among
warm-up and lead-in .After that, develop this
activity in class.
EXAMPLE:The activity or activities used
to prepare learners to work on a text, topic
or main task.
/leed-in/Lead-in
39. CARD
38
DEFINITION.- A way of categorizing words according to their
grammatical function and meaning. P
All is realted with language.Students have to have
a previous knowledge of what are noun, verb,
adjective, pronoun,adverb, preposition,
conjunction beacuse everything is part of
speech.Teacher in a sentence can ask students to
divide a sentense in parts of speech.
EXAMPLE: noun, verb, adjective,
pronoun,adverb, preposition, conjunction.
/pahrt uhv ˈspēch/Part of speech
40. CARD
39
DEFINITION.- The smallest sound unit which can make a difference
to meaning Phonemes have their own
symbols (phonemic symbols), each of which represents one sound.
P
To teach this , the teacher have to explain the
difference among morpheme and phoneme
because there is a confusion. On the board make
a chart and write examples and characteristics of
them. It will be useful for students.
EXAMPLE: /p/ in pan, /b/ in ban.
/ˈfəʊ.niːm/Phoneme
41. CARD
40
DEFINITION.- A technique or learning strategy learners can use to
help with listening or reading. Learners think about the topic
before they read or listen. They try to imagine what the topic will be or
what they are going to read about or listen to.
P
Teacher provides a rading with a picture and
before to read teacher has to ask students look at
the picture in order to predict about what the
Reading is going to be.
EXAMPLE:
Using clues like headlines or pictures
accompanying the text or their general
knowledge about the text type or topic.
/priˈdikt/Predict
42. CARD
41
DEFINITION.- When learners produce language.
P
In a simple way a teacher ask students to write a
paragraph about their life, maybe talk about their
weekend,etc. Everything that involve language
and produce it can be measure in skills.
EXAMPLE:Speaking and writing are
productive skills.
/prə-ˈdək-tiv/
/skɪls/
Productive skills
43. CARD
42
DEFINITION.- To read a text in order to check whether there are any
mistakes in spelling, grammar, punctuation etc. P
Introduce the writing process and every single
step.After that, students have to write an essay
following every step,when they are in proofread
remenber to them why is it important.
EXAMPLE: The manuscript still needs
proofreading.
/ˈpruːfˌriːd/Proofread
44. CARD
43
DEFINITION.- To say or write something that has been read or heard
using different words. Paraphrase can also be used to describe what a
learner does if s/he is not sure of the exact language they need to use.
p
Write some examples on the board. Explain that
paraphrase means hcange the structure and not
the meaning of a sentense.After that, give
students extra sheets in order to practice
paraphrase.Then you can check them writing on
the board.
EXAMPLE:
• Her life spanned years of incredible
change for women.
• Mary lived through an era of liberating
reform for women.
/ˈpӕrəfreiz/Paraphrase
45. CARD
44
DEFINITION.- An approach to writing, which thinks of writing as a
process which includes different stages of writing. P
Introduce the writing process and every single
step. After that, students have to write an essay
following every step. Manage students and check
their mistakes.
EXAMPLE: Planning, drafting, re-
drafting, editing, proofreading.
/ˈproses/ /raitn/Process writing
46. CARD
45
DEFINITION.- The rhythm of speech is the way that some words in a
sentence are emphasized or stressed to produce a regular pattern. R
Listen to a easy song , students could sing and
learn the rhythm.Also, they might find a dialogue
inn order to listen and practice the intonation,
rhythm and pronunciation of the language.
EXAMPLE: If I were YOU, I’d go by
BUS.
/ˈriðəm/Rhythm
47. CARD
46
DEFINITION.- The formality or informality of the language used in a
particular situation. Formal register or language is that used in
serious or important situations. Informal register or language is that
used in relaxed or friendly situations. Register may also refer to
language which is specific to a particular group.
R
Make a comparison chart on the board and write
informal and formal language. Explain to
students when they can use them and use a
register as a term to define them.
EXAMPLE:
What’s up man ?
How are you?
/ˈredʒistə/Register
48. CARD
47
DEFINITION.- To make a (polite) request
To ask someone politely to do something. R
Introduce the class giving some modals and
explain when they can use them.Next ask
students to prepare a role-play using modals.The
script should be formal and polite.
EXAMPLE:
Please could you open the window?
/riˈkwest/Request
49. CARD
48
DEFINITION.- When a piece of writing is changed with the intention
of improving it. A writer’s first draft may be re-drafted. R
Introduce the writing process and every single
step. After that, students have to write an essay
following every step. Manage students and check
their mistakes and help them giving some ideas
to re-draft their essay.
EXAMPLE:
He was looking at me.
He was looking to everyone in the class.
He was analyzing to everyone in the class.
/re-draːft/Re-draft
50. CARD
49
DEFINITION.- When learners do not have to produce language;
listening and reading are receptive skills. R
Give students motivation stories and they have to
read aloud.they have to listen and read in order to
catch the main idea of the Reading and they
should give the moral of them.
EXAMPLE:
I’m gonna give you my conclusions of
that Reading . What I understood.
/rəˈseptiv/ /ˈskils/Receptive skills
51. CARD
50
DEFINITION.- Adjective
The degree to which something is related to or useful in a situation. R
Give students a direct meanig of relevant
(important) and they have to write some
examples using thatWord in the sentence.
EXAMPLE:
Any relevant information should be given
to the police
/ˈreləvənt/Relevant
52. CARD
51
DEFINITION.- The / W / sound is called the schwa. It is a feature of
many weak forms. S
Explain students that schwa is a weak sound and
give them some examples where you can find
them.
EXAMPLE: / kWn / in I can play tennis.
/ʃwɑː/Schwa
53. CARD
52
DEFINITION.-
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to
make a new word.
S
Introduce the topic with a game (the telephone is
broken) it helps students to memorize words.
Write on the board some exampes of suffixes and
then give students all suffixes.Ask them to
memorize and explain how the Word change in
the context.
EXAMPLE:
good – goodness.
/ˈsafiks/Suffix
54. CARD
53
DEFINITION.- To read a text quickly to pick out specific information.
S
Make the differenc among scan and skim
technique to read.After that , students have to
read in both ways. Finally , ask some questions
about the Reading in order to prove if they scan
the text and understood the Reading.
EXAMPLE:
Finding a phone number in a phone book.
/skӕn/Scan
55. CARD
54
DEFINITION.- Each of the four language skills can be divided into
smaller subskills that are all part of the main skill. S
We will read a text about the pictures
you’ve seen. But before reading the whole text,
I want you to predict the story using
the beginning and the end of the text. Ss predict
and write the body part of the text (5 sentences).
Finally Ss discuss about their stories
EXAMPLE:
Identifying text organization (reading);
identifying word stress (listening).
/sub’skil/Subskill
56. CARD
55
DEFINITION.- Texts that have specific features, e.g. layout, use of
language, that make them part of a recognizable type of text. T
Introduce the class with a Brianstorm and
students have to write as many text type as they
know. After that, teacher has to complete it with
new types that students don’t know.
EXAMPLE:
Letters, emails, news reports,etc.
/ˈtekst/ /taip/Text type
57. CARD
56
DEFINITION.- The way a text is organized.
T
Show students an article and explain them the
structure of the article, essays, letters,etc. Make a
chart of this and finally students can write an
example of them using the appropriate structure.
EXAMPLE:
An essay typically has an introduction, a
main section and a conclusion.
/ˈtekst/ /ˈstraktʃə/Text structure
58. CARD
57
DEFINITION.- Turn, When someone speaks in a conversation this is
called a turn. Speaking and then allowing another person to speak in
reply is called ‘turn-taking’.
T
Ask students to prepare a dialogue in order to
have turn-talking or interaction between
students.
EXAMPLE:
A: Hi, how are you?
B: fine and you?
A: I am OK .
B: …
/təːn/ / ˈtȯkin/Turn-taking
59. CARD
58
DEFINITION.- A complete unit of speech in spoken language. An
utterance can be shorter than a sentence. U
Teacher can teach utterance in spoken language
analyzing the smallest unit of speech. It is a
continuous piece of speech beginning and ending
with a clear pause. In the case of oral languages
like dialogues, interviews, etc.
EXAMPLE:
A: When’s he
coming?
B: Tomorrow. ‘Tomorrow’ is an utterance
here.
/ ˈə-tə-rəns /Utterance
60. CARD
59
DEFINITION.- English is spoken as a first or second language in
many countries around the world, but the English spoken may be
slightly or significantly different in each country or in different parts of
one country.
A
Make a comparison chart among American and
British pronunciation and explain students those
features of each langueage.
EXAMPLE: An example of this is the
English spoken in the USA and that
spoken in the UK.
/vəˈraɪə.ti/ /əv/
/ˈiŋɡliʃ/
Varieties of English
61. CARD
60
DEFINITION.- A sound in which the air is not blocked by the tongue,
lips, teeth etc. Movement or vibration is felt in the throat because the
voice is used.
V
Pronunciation is very important and teacher can
start the class practicing vowel sounds.
EXAMPLE: The letters a, e, i, o, u and
sometimes y are used to represent these
sounds.
/ˈvauəl/Vowel
62. CARD
61
DEFINITION.- To produce a voiced sound, the voice is used,
Movement or vibration can be felt in the throat. Vowels in English are
voiced.
V
Students have to feel a vibration in their
throat.So students have to practice those sound
and say if the some consonants are voiced or
unvoiced sounds.
EXAMPLE: /b/ in bad, /d/ in dentist.
/voised/ /saund/Voiced sound
63. CARD
62
DEFINITION.- A group of words that come from the same root or
base word. W
Teacher can give students an extra sheet with
some examples of Word family. They have to
choose the odd Word in each example.
EXAMPLE:
economy, economist, economic.
/wəːd/ /ˈfӕməli/Word family
64. CARD
63
DEFINITION.-If a word is unstressed, the weak form of vowels may
be used. W
Explain students that schwa is a weak sound and
give them some examples where you can find
them.
EXAMPLE: I can (/ kWn /) speak Italian,
French, English and Spanish. The sound /
W / is called schwa.
/wiːk/ /foːm/Weak form
65. CARD
64
DEFINITION.- Where one word ends and the next one begins,
especially in connected speech. W
In writing, word boundaries are conventionally
represented by spaces between words. In speech,
word boundaries are determined in various ways.
So the pronunciation is linking with the next
word. Provide some examples to the students.
EXAMPLE: When I was very young, my
mother run in a competition.
/wəːd/ /ˈbaundəri/Word boundary