Tkt glossary

1. TEACHING KNOWLEDGE TEST
GLOSSARY
TEACHER: DRA. WILMA SUAREZ
STUDENT: ESTEFANIA TITE
SEMESTER: NIGHT “B”

2. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈæk·jər·ə·si/
DEFINITION
The use of correct forms of grammar,
vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation.
In an accuracy activity, teachers and
learners typically focus on using and
producing language correctly
EXAMPLE
Something that it is made by students
without any mistake in other words
perfectly.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will provide a short story to my
students in order to read aloud , while I
hear their pronunciation I write down in
my notebook their mistakes after that I
will give them feedback and practice the
pronunciation together.

3. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈæd·vɜrb/
DEFINITION
An adverb describes or gives more
information about how, when, where, or
to what degree etc something is done.
EXAMPLE
Adverb describes or modify the verb
adjective or another adverb.
Children walked slowly.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will create a big poster with all kind of
adverbs such as : adverbs of time, place,
manner, degree, and frequency. I will put
it on the wall of the classroom and I
will teach them one type by one type. Adverb

4. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈæn·təˌnɪm/
DEFINITION
The opposite of another word.
EXAMPLE
Helen , a beautiful girl , is really happy.
Helen, a beautiful girl, is really sad.
As you can notice happy and sad are opposite
words
HOW TO TEACH?
I will use flashcards with antonyms for
example (happy/sad, big/small ,new /old). In
the right side I will put the first pair of word s
and the left right I will put the other one, then
I antonyms teach them the difference between them.

5. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/əˈprəʊ.pri.ə.si/
DEFINITION
Language which is suitable in a particular
situation..
EXAMPLE
It may be appropriate to say :
Put attention please
Pay attention please
The second one is appropriate .
HOW TO TEACH?
The use of short informal expressions and
short formal expressions
Hello/ Good morning
What’s up?/What are you doing
To explain the students how they use it in
different contexts.

6. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
//tʃʌŋk/
DEFINITION
Any pair or group of words commonly found
together or near one another, e.g. phrasal
verbs, idioms, collocations, fixed
expressions...
EXAMPLE
Goodbye, I don’t know, I’m fine, by the way
are examples of chunks.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
After the explanation of chunks I will write
on the board a lot of words, then they should
identify where are the chunks and circle them

7. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/koʊˈhɪər·əns/
DEFINITION
When ideas in a spoken or written text fit
together clearly and smoothly, and so are
logical and make sense to the listener or
reader.
EXAMPLE
Sentence 1 She worked, she bought ice
cream, she went to home.
Sentence 2 She worked yesterday, then she
bought an ice cream and finally she went to
to home.
The second sentence has coherence
.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will use power point presentation with two
short paragraphs where one of them do not
have transition words and the other one yes,
so to ask students to read both of them and
tell the differences and discuss what is the
best one?

8. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/koʊˈhi·ʒən/
DEFINITION
The way spoken or written texts are joined
together with logical grammar or lexis.
EXAMPLE
First, second, third, moreover, furthermore,
as a conclusion, on the other hand are
conjunctions that we use in spoken or witten
way to communicate effectively.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
To provide students a list of conjunctions and
the explanation of each one how they are
going to use it, in order to use in an
appropriate way to transmit information ,
then to ask them to use it in a short witten
paragraph.

9. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌkɑː.lə-/
DEFINITION
Words which are regularly used together. The
relation between the words may be
grammatical, for example when certain
verbs/adjectives collocate with particular
prepositions.
EXAMPLE
Two words that go together fox example
Have breakfast
Take a bath
Do homework
Get a job
All of them are collocations.
HOW TO TEACH?
To ask students to make groups of four
people and the teacher provide them small
cardboards with different nouns and two
verbs “make and do”, After that, students
have to join that words with the appropriate
verb, finally they have to write on the board .

10. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/kəmˈpleks/
DEFINITION
Complicated, not simple.
EXAMPLE
« Paul a pas compris se que je voulai lui
dirë »
This sentence is complicated to translate into
Spanish.
HOW TO TEACH?
I would like to apply a game call “easy
teaching” where I use strategies where they
are involved especially with children when
they are acquiring a new language for
example a word with an action such as: take a
shower and do the action of that word and so
on.

11. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.ʃən/
DEFINITION
Understanding a spoken or written text.
EXAMPLE
When students read a passage and the teacher
asks them to tell her a short summary about
it in order to know if they comprehend or
not.
HOW TO TEACH?
Apply a reading comprehension following all
the steps of reading skills, also I will include
activities to make a funny class to learn in an
easy way.

12. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈkɑn·fə·dəns, -ˌdens/
DEFINITION
The feeling someone has when they are sure
of their ability to do something well.
Teachers often do activities that help learners
to feel more confident about their own ability
EXAMPLE
Create a good rapport between teacher and
students to teach where they feel free to
express their ideas ,knowledge and thoughts.
HOW TO TEACH?
Especially in speaking skill I would like to
start the class with a warm up, then they
work in group or pairs to share ideas, after
that, have an interaction with the teacher.

13. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
kənˈdʒʌŋk·ʃən/
DEFINITION
A conjunction (or connector) is used to
connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences.
EXAMPLE
I would like to travel abroad, but I do not
have money.
Mery and Juliana are studying for tkt exam.
The blue words are conjunction that they
helps us to join ideas.
HOW TO TEACH?
Create a word wall where they have to stick a
big paper and write as mcuh as they can, and
think what words are conjunctions for this
activitiy I should divide the whole class in
three teams.
conjunction
conjunction

14. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈkɑn·sə·nənt/
DEFINITION
A sound in which the air is partly blocked by
the lips, tongue, teeth etc.
EXAMPLE
B,c,d,f,g,h,,j,k,l,r,s,,t,v are consonants.
Fine /f/ is voiceless labiodental fricative
Vine /v/ is voiced labiodental fricative
HOW TO TEACH?
To put on the wall the alphabet , each letter
with a picture and every day before to start
the class to ask students to read it,then
remove a letter and leave only the picture to
guess wich letter was there and continue
every day with it .

15. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈkɑn·tekst/
DEFINITION
The situation in which language is used or
presented, e.g. a story about a holiday
experience could be used as the context to
present and practice past tenses. Photographs
can help to provide a context for a magazine
article.
EXAMPLE
For exampe in reading skill students need to
guess the meaning of unfamiliar words not one
by one because it does not have sense and the
meaning will be totally different.
HOW TO TEACH?
Provide students short sentences where the
teacher includes unfamiliar words and read
together the first one to guess the meaning
after that teacher needs to leave them work
alone to know how much they can work in
context.

16. PHONETIC SCRIPT
/kənˈtræk·ʃən/
DEFINITION
A shorter form of a group of words, which
usually occurs in auxiliary verbs.
EXAMPLE
I will not do I won´t do
She does not She doesn´t
He would not travel He woldn´t
We can notice the diffrence with the whole
auxiliary and the contractions
HOW TO TEACH?
To give students an easy lyric where it has
contractions and explain students to underline
the words with apostrophe , then the teacher
writes on the board and explain how the
contractions are formed.

17. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/kənˈveɪ/
DEFINITION
To express or communicate meaning. Teachers
focus on conveying meaning when they
present new language.
EXAMPLE
Code-switching is a mix of languages example
spanglish. People use it to hide secrets, express
feelings.
When the teacher is explaining this topic he or
she needs to call the attention to the students
and convey that the explanation will be clear
for them.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will ask students to find or search
information about the topic that I chose. Next
day I ask students their ideas and then I will
present the topic. It helps them to be ready to
understand the topic.

18. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/dɪˈtɜr·mə·nər/
DEFINITION
A word that is used before a noun to show
which particular example of the noun you are
referring to.
EXAMPLE
Mr. Smith buys the black car.
Mr. Smith buys his black car..
The and his are determiners that they show
possesion of something.
HOW TO TEACH?
When I am going to present the topic about
determiners is better that I use a poster with
all determiners while I explain carefully with a
good example , so I can cross out the
determiner that I explained.
determiners

19. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈdɪs·kɔrs/
DEFINITION
Spoken or written language in texts or groups
of sentences.
EXAMPLE
Last week the principle gave us a formal
discourse about the things that he is making in
our university.
It means the way that he used his language
with us.
HOW TO TEACH?
Things that we our students need to use when
they are speaking or writing something for
example they cannot use contractions in a
formal letter , it is incorrect. I will present the
students two letters informal and informal one
to avoid mistakes when they have to write
some of them.

20. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/dræft/
DEFINITION
A draft is a piece of writing that is not yet
finished, and may be changed. A writer drafts a
piece of writing. That is, they write it for the
first time but not exactly as it will be when it is
finished.
EXAMPLE
Students have to write a draft about tkt
strategies to manage a class.
Draft means correct mistake before to present
the final product.
HOW TO TEACH?
To ask students to write a list of the things that
they do on weekends, then write a short
paraghaph with the previous things that they
write. So they have to present the first draft
and interchange with the whole class to correct
mistakes and receive suggestions from them
and finally present to the teacher the final
work.

21. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/drɪl/
DEFINITION
A technique teachers use for encouraging
learners to practice language. It involves
guided repetition or practice.
EXAMPLE
Children have drill all the time when they are
learning a new word or vocabulary.
Drills helps them to keep information in their
heads and correct pronunciaton of some words
HOW TO TEACH?
I will create my own puppets according the
topic that I will teach them for example fruits,
animals, professions, verbs or something like
that, in this way I will help them to learn
things easily.

22. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈed·ət/
DEFINITION
To shorten or change or correct the words or
content of some parts of a written text to make
it clearer or easier to understand
EXAMPLE
Most of us need to edit our final project.
Edit is part of writing process to correct
mistakes and change something that it tis
wrong.
HOW TO TEACH?
Play ´Tingo- Tango´ one person is going to say
as much as possible that word and the rest of
the class have a ball in their hands when he
says tango the ball stop and the teacher will
say a sentence with a lot of redundancy , so the
student who has the ball have to change that
sentence in a correct way avoinding
redundancy if they change in a good way
continue in the game or if they answer in bad
way they loose their turn.

23. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ɪˈvæl·juˌeɪt/
DEFINITION
To assess or judge the quality, importance or
effectiveness of something. Teachers may
evaluate learners’ progress or strengths and
weaknesses.
EXAMPLE
The senesyt is going to evaluate us our
knowledge.
To see the progress of someone or something if
he or she is apt to be a teacher.
HOW TO TEACH?
Role play about how to teach a real class.
I ask a group of students to be the judgets and
grade (voice, attitude, pronunciation and get
the attention from the audience).
Students will use real rubrics to evaluate them
and the end they will provide their classmates
feedback and me too.

24. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/fɔrm/
DEFINITION
The form of a grammatical structure is the way
it is written or pronounced and the parts which
combine to make it
EXAMPLE
Simple past
They played basketball in the yard.
Present continuous
They are playing basketball in the yard.
Simple Present
They play basketball in the yard.
HOW TO TEACH?
First, I explain subject, verb, complement
separately ,then join of the three things and
teach students how a sentence is formed .

25. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈfɔr·məl ˈlæŋ·ɡwɪdʒ /
DEFINITION
Language used in formal conversations or
writing.
EXAMPLE
Good morning Sir May you open the door?
please
What's up brother open the door
The formal way to ask something it is call
formal language
HOW TO TEACH?
Group work ( to ask students to make two
groups) the first group will prepare a formal
conversation the second group will prepare
informal conversation .
Then, they will have a debate what was right
or what was wrong to use formal and informal
conversation.

26. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈhez·ɪˌteɪt/
DEFINITION
A pause before or while doing or saying
something. Learners often hesitate if they are
trying to find the correct words to say, because
they need more time to think.
EXAMPLE
A lot of pauses when we are talking or
explaining something .
It is not good to make a lot of hesitation in
TOEFL exam.
HOW TO TEACH?
Practice in pairs the speaking skill talking
about any topic also to take time like it will be
the real TOEFL exam.
It helps students to commit errors and do the
best.

27. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈhɑɪˌlɑɪt/
DEFINITION
To mark words on paper, on the board or on a
computer screen using a colour or underlining
so that they are easier to notice
EXAMPLE
From a book highlight important information
to make a summary.
It is a process for reading skill to catch the idea
or be interested on the reading.
HOW TO TEACH?
Provide students a poem with six verses
Underline a word in each verse that they like
and explain to the teacher why he or she chose
that word.
Draw a picture according to the word.

28. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈhɑm·əˌfoʊn/
DEFINITION
A word which sounds the same as another
word, but has a different meaning or spelling.
EXAMPLE
Meet / meat
I meet you I eat meat
We can differentiate the difference between
them .
HOW TO TEACH?
Dictate a pair of sentences with homophones
to the students
I ask them to copy down on their notebook.
I ask students to write down on the board to
check if they write well.
Finally I provide help them .

29. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈɪd·i·əm/
DEFINITION
A group of words that are used together, in
which the meaning of the whole word group is
different from the meaning of each individual
word.
EXAMPLE
Go banana means cheerful, excited
It is an idiom because we cannot translate , we
need to learn the whole phrase.
HOW TO TEACH?
Oral practice where the students who are
sitting give some clues in order to guess the
correct name of some idioms.

30. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈɪn·təˌɡreɪt skɪls
DEFINITION
An integrated skills lesson combines work on
more than one language skill. For example
reading and then writing or
listening and speaking.
EXAMPLE
In Toefl exam we develop the four skills and
integrate all of them.
HOW TO TEACH?
To take time to evaluate the students in the
four skills
Reading: a passage (reading for detail)
Listening: a conversation( Listening for gist)
Writing: ( apply the four stages)
Speaking: ( paraphrase)
Using a simulation of real exams that they
have to pass.

31. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌɪn·tərˈækt/
DEFINITION
Interaction is ‘two-way communication’
between listener and speaker, or reader and
text.
EXAMPLE
Especially in speaking skill where a person is
exposed to the language because he can
interchange ideas ask questions, give opinions,
discuss of any topic.
HOW TO TEACH?
Discuss about “The environment”
Teacher and students participate in this activity
First, the teacher start the topic giving her
point of view
Then, teacher asks any student to give his or
her point of view

32. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌɪn·təˈneɪ·ʃən/
DEFINITION
The way the level of a speaker’s voice changes
to show meaning such as how they feel about
something.
EXAMPLE
We use intonation to recognize when someone
wants to express feelings or maybe they are
asking :
Where is my book?
My book is there
!Oh my God this is my book!
HOW TO TEACH?
The following sentence “I have a nice car”
change into question, exclamation, say it when
you are happy, sad, excited.
The student who make it in a correct way will
be the winner.
All the class will cooperate with this activity .

33. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈdʒʌm.bl̩ wɜrd /
DEFINITION
A word in which the letters are not in the
correct order, a sentence in which the words
are not in the correct order, a text in which the
paragraphs or sentences are not in the correct
order.
EXAMPLE
Total disorder of a word where the students
need to put in order for example:
keesehouseper
HOW TO TEACH?
Choose the correct word to fit the sentence:
I play soccer with a__________
a. ball
b. llab
c. Blal
Students need to choose the best one .

34. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈliːd.ɪn/
DEFINITION
The activity or activities used to prepare
learners to work on a text, topic or main task.
EXAMPLE
Mot of the teacher use lead-in to start a new
topic in the classroom.
It helps student to be ready for the next topic
with an interesting activity.
HOW TO TEACH?
Walk around the chairs when the music stops
students have to meet each other like the first
time.
To say as much as posible many words with
letter m,o,p ,l.

35. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈlek.sɪ.kəl - set/
DEFINITION
A group of words or phrases that are about the
same content topic or subject.
EXAMPLE
I went to the market and I bought apples,
oranges, pineapples, watermelon, pear, peach
and strawberries,, it is an example of lexical
set because it contains a lot of words of fruits.
HOW TO TEACH?
I give a general key word for example ‘go
shopping’
Students need to add things that they can find
in a store.
The words cannot repeat , if someone repeat it
he or she will have a punishment.

36. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈlek.sɪs/
DEFINITION
Individual words or sets of words.
EXAMPLE
Book, pencil, flowers, shoes, shirt, cap, jeans,
belt are lexis or vocabulary.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Provide students a photocopy of vocabulary of
food, the teacher should explain one bye one
giving extra examples to understand after that
teacher will take a short quiz in order to see
their progress on it.

37. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈlɪŋ·kɪŋ /
DEFINITION
The way different sounds can link into
each other in connected speech
EXAMPLE
Liliana gets up at six am .
We can join these words in
pronunciation.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
It helps teacher to see how they can connect
ideas in the following sentence:
I love eat chocolates on Christmas.
a whereas
b so
c especially
Ask students to choose the best one to fit this
sentence.

38. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈlɑdʒ·ɪ·kəl/
DEFINITION
Based on reason. A lesson is logical if the
stages follow an order which makes sense and
if one stage leads clearly and obviously to
another
EXAMPLE
If we describe a daily routine it must have a
logical order for example I get up at 5 am I
take a shower, I dress up , I take my breakfast.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will use picture cued story telling task where
students describe each picture following a
logical order or sequence.

39. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈmem·əˌrɑɪz/
DEFINITION
To learn something so that you can remember
it later; something which is easy to remember.
EXAMPLE
Regular and irregular Verbs are mandatory to
keep in our minds because if we do not that we
cannot recognize when a verb use ‘ed’’ or it
changes totally.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will provide a vocabulary about sports only
10 words with the meaning , students need to
memorize for an oral lesson.
I choose if they have to tell the meaning or if I
say the meaning and they have to tell the word.
.

40. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈmoʊ·t̬ɪv/
DEFINITION
It is the thoughts and feelings which make us
want to do something and help us continue
doing.
EXAMPLE
It is a key word that teachers use in the
classroom to create a nice environment to
work well with students.
Motivation inspires them to participate in the
class.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Good rapport
Good relationship between their classmates I t
helps the environment to be more comfortable.
Positive words to our students like you are the
best, you can do it, you are the winner.

41. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈnær·ə·t̬ɪv/
DEFINITION
To tell a story or talk about something that has
happened. Teachers often narrate stories to
young learners.
EXAMPLE
The little red riding hood with the protagonist
make a short story.
Students will present a narrative story in front
of the class.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Lets students to perform any short story in the
classroom with an appropriate setting, clothes,
protagonists .
Students are free to choose the story that they
like and enjoy at the same time.

42. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/nɑʊn/
DEFINITION
A person, place or thing, e.g. elephant, girl,
grass, school.
EXAMPLE
Mery, Ambato, mice, peach, cats, New York
are examples or nouns
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Use flashcards with names of people, places
animals then, I explain when they have to use
each one.

43. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈpær·əˌɡræf/
DEFINITION
A paragraph is a section in a longer piece of
writing such as an essay. It starts on a new line
and usually contains a single new idea. When a
writer is paragraphing, s/he is creating
paragraphs
EXAMPLE
A piece of writing of something such as letter,
short stories, short paragraph.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Give students only 5 words (bus, apple,
homework, lunch, books)
I ask them to use the five words in a short
story created by themselves using connectors.

44. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈpær·əˌfreɪz/
DEFINITION
To say or write something that has been read
or heard using different words. Paraphrase can
also be used to describe what a learner does if
s/he is not sure of the exact language they need
to use,
EXAMPLE
To say something from an author in my own
words it is paraphrase.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will choose a quotation ´Walking with a
friend in the dark is better than walking alone
in the light¨
Students need to use their own words to
interprete it and give their own idea about it.
,

45. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ pri-ˈdik-shən
DEFINITION
A technique or learning strategy learners can
use to help with listening or reading. Learners
think about the topic before they read or
listen.
EXAMPLE
It is part of reading skill where students can
imagine what about the story or reading is
going to be.
Teacher says look at the picture or title and tell
me your ideas about it.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will put a video of the environment.
I ask students to read the title and guess what
is going to happen in the viedo
After that, I let students to watch the video
and the end they disccuss if their prediction
were right or weong.

46. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈpri·fɪks/
DEFINITION
A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to
the beginning of a word to make a new word.
EXAMPLE
Sophia and Helen act in a polite way. (polite is
the base word)
Sophia and Helen act in an impolite way.
(impolite is a prefix
HOW TO TEACH?
To write the base word in the right side of the
board and many words on the other side.
Then, I explain what are prefixes and provide
an example of it.
So,I ask a student to pass to the front and with
the participation of the whole class try to
make it.

47. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/prəˈdʌk·tɪv skɪls /
DEFINITION
When learners produce language. Speaking
and writing are productive skills
EXAMPLE
Speaking an writing skills are examples of
productive skills because students develop it
for example role play , compositions, essay,
articles, oral presentation)
HOW TO TEACH?
Present an oral presentation of the strategies
of toefl exam.
Students will have a rubric in order to receive
a grade.
Students must follow it and present on time.

48. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈproʊ·ses/
DEFINITION
To actively think about new information in
order to understand it completely and be able
to use it in future..
EXAMPLE
To follow some steps or rules to conclude
something for example.
Present the project with all the process that the
principle asks you.
HOW TO TEACH?
Develop and present in the class a mathematic
problem using a process.
Explain step by step to the whole class how he
or she fin the solution to the problem

49. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈprufˌrid/
DEFINITION
To read a text in order to check whether there
are any mistakes in spelling, grammar,
punctuation etc
EXAMPLE
It is an step of the writing process where
students correct their mistakes and change if
it is necessary.
.
HOW TO TEACH?
I will help students during the writing process
I write in a big cardboard a short paragraph
and together with the students will check
where it is necessary to make changes.

50. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌpʌŋk·tʃuˈeɪ·ʃən/
DEFINITION
The symbols or marks used to organize
writing into clauses, phrases and sentences to
make the meaning clear
EXAMPLE
The use of punctuation in an essay is really
important because it will be easy for people
who read it.
HOW TO TEACH?
Prepare slides with the topic punctuation
I present it to the class and include examples
of each type of punctuation.
Students should take notes and apply all of it
in a writing activity that the teachers will tell
them.

51. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈri·dɪŋ/
DEFINITION
The skill or activity of getting information
from written words.
EXAMPLE
Reading is part of the four skills that we have to
learn a new language.
Students do not like to read.
HOW TO TEACH?
Motivate students to read for pleasure
(magazines, favorite books, short stories of
their favorite actors)

52. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ rɪˈsep·tɪv skɪl/
DEFINITION
When learners do not have to produce
language; listening and reading are receptive
skills
EXAMPLE
Listening and reading are receptive skills
.
HOW TO TEACH?
Start the class with a warm up ( play a song )
I provide them a sheet of paper with the lyric
of that song with blank spaces to fill with the
words that they listen in the song.

53. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈredʒ·ɪ·stər/
DEFINITION
The formality or informality of the language
used in a particular situation
EXAMPLE
The use of register is important when we are
going to present a project we should use a formal
language , but when we are with our friends we
can use informal language.
HOW TO TEACH?
Role play in two situations the first one in a
party and the second one in a wedding.
Students need to act naturally to see the
difference between both of them.

54. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/rɪˈkwest/
DEFINITION
To ask someone politely to do something,
e.g. Please could you open the window?
EXAMPLE
The way to ask something in an polite or
impolite manner.
Could you open the door please?
Open the door!
HOW TO TEACH?
One student tells a phrase in an informal way
Another student should change the previous
phrase that his or her partner says.
I compare the difference between them.

55. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈrɪð·əm/
DEFINITION
The rhythm of speech is the way that some
words in a sentence are emphasized or
stressed to produce a regular pattern
EXAMPLE
We use rhythm when we want to express
something in different ways
For example
Be happy!
Are you happy?
HOW TO TEACH?
To tell students to say in many way the
following sentence “I want a candy “
Students need to change the rhythm
according what they want to express. If it is
a request, surprise, interrogative,
exclamation)

56. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/rʊt wɜrd/
DEFINITION
The core word or part of a word from which
other words can be made by adding a prefix
or suffix,
EXAMPLE
I take my English lessons .(root word)
I made a lot of mistakes in the exam. (prefix)
I have taken the bus.(suffix)
The root word is the base word we can add a
suffix or a prefix.
HOW TO TEACH?
A short video of root words and teach them
how to add a prefix or a suffix after that
teacher makes an activity where they can
practice

57. PHONEMICSCRIPT
/ˈsek·ənˌder·i stres/
DEFINITION
It is stress on a syllable or word in a sentence
that is less strong than the primary (main)
stress
EXAMPLE
Present insult
Secondary stress Secondary stress
HOW TO TEACH?
A group of words with secondary stress
To write in a cardboard words and underline
with a different color the syllable where it
has the secondary stress
It helps students to put the stress where it is
necessary .

58. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˌself kəˈrek·ʃən /
DEFINITION
When learners correct language mistakes
they have made, perhaps with some help
from the teacher.
EXAMPLE
Self-correction helps students to avoid
mistakes, also helps them to improve their
language.
Please repeat again the word “ think”
HOW TO TEACH?
With a lot of practice between classmates
and teacher in the pronunciation, in the
writing. Maybe listen to music to listen the
right pronunciation.

59. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/skɪl/
DEFINITION
The four language skills are listening,
speaking, reading and writing the teacher.
EXAMPLE
All of us have a skill that it identifies in what
field we are better for example
Most of us are good writers
Most of us are good readers
Most of us are goo listeners or speakers.
HOW TO TEACH?
To practice small quizzes to know in what
field they are good applying the four skills
Short readings, writings,

60. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈsʌf·ɪks/
DEFINITION
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added
at the end of a word to make a new word
EXAMPLE
We like to listen to music ( base word)
We are the best musicians ( suffix)
In this example music is the base word and”
ians” is a suffix because we add it after the base
word.
HOW TO TEACH?
I ask a students to pass to the front and
explain what he is going to do.
I give a word for example power so the
student who is in the front needs to add
suffix at that word while the students talk ,
he will light a match and have in his hand
until it is finished.

61. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈsʌm·əˌrɑɪz/
DEFINITION
To take out the main points of a long text,
and rewrite or retell them in a short, clear
way
EXAMPLE
To reduce a long passage in a small one
Summarize page 120,122 for tomorrow.
HOW TO TEACH?
Underline only the most important part of a
reading , then write a short paragraph using
connector to have sense in each sentence of
the paragraph.

62. PHONETIC SCRIPT
/ˈsɪn·əˌnɪm/
DEFINITION
A word which has the same, or nearly the
same, meaning as another word.
EXAMPLE
Intelligent* smart unhappy * sad
Lucky * fortunate positive* optimist
They are synonyms because means the same.
HOW TO TEACH?
To write a lot of synonyms in small
cardboards and put in a plastic bag, then mix
and asks one student to choose one ,so he
needs to find the other pair of synonyms in
the same plastic bag.

63. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/tæsk/
DEFINITION
An activity that learners complete
EXAMPLE
Activity where students practice more about the
language for example complete sentences,
choose the best word, read and underline, write
the meaning etc.
HOW TO TEACH?
Assign a homework where they have to
change the affirmative sentences into
negatives.

64. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈtɑp·ɪk ˈsen·təns /
DEFINITION
A sentence that gives the main point or
subject of a paragraph. This is usually the
opening sentence in a paragraph
EXAMPLE
“My vacations” is a topic sentence because
students are going to write about it. What did
they do in their vacations?
HOW TO TEACH?
I write on the board a title of something
that is going to teach them.
I ask the to give ideas to work on that.
I write an example on the board and then she
assigns an activity for them.

65. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/vɜrb/
DEFINITION
A word used to show an action, state, event
or process
EXAMPLE
Walk. Eat, drink, read, write, cook, take, speak
are verbs that they show actions that a person
does.
Pietro speaks really well French language.
HOW TO TEACH?
Each verb with the action that it represents
Teacher say I walk ,so the teacher needs to
make the action that it verbs show them

66. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈvɜr·ʒən/
DEFINITION
A particular form of something in which
some details are different from an earlier or
later form of it.
EXAMPLE
The writing has different versions such as:
formal, informal, letter, emails, paragraphs,
essay, commercial letters etc.
HOW TO TEACH?
It is useful to teach them when it is
appropriate to write something for someone.
The characteristics that each one have to
have.Write one informal and one formal.

67. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/ˈvɑʊ·əl/
DEFINITION
A sound in which the air is not blocked by
the tongue, lips, teeth etc. Movement or
vibration is felt in the throat because the
voice is used.
EXAMPLE
A group of five principle sounds like a,e,i,o,u.
HOW TO TEACH?
Create a corner vowel in the classroom
where the teacher put every single vowel
with pictures it helps students to identify
with which vowel they need to write a letter.
or drawn something .

68. PHONEMIC SCRIPT
/wɜrd ˈfæm·ə·li /
DEFINITION
A group of words that come from the same
root or base word.
EXAMPLE
Believe - believable, believer, unbelievable are
a group of word family where the root word is
BELIEVE and the others are familiar with this
word.
HOW TO TEACH?
To write on the both sides of the board the
word PLAY
Divide the class into two groups.
In one minute each group should write as
much as they can a lot of word families.
The team that has a lot of words will be the
winner.

69.  The TKT(Teaching Knowledge Test Course
Modules 1,2 and 3 Maey Spratt, Alan Pulverness,
Melanie Williams.
 TKT Glossary PDF
 http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/america
n-english/