The document summarizes two studies on how people acquire spatial knowledge from maps versus navigation. Thorndyke and Hayes-Roth (1982) found that participants who learned a building by navigation performed better on orientation tasks compared to those who learned from maps. The author proposes that this may be because navigation leads to spatial reference along building axes, while maps lead to reference along tilted map axes. A thought experiment is suggested where maps are aligned with building axes to isolate the effect of information source on orientation performance.