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‫روش‬ ‫به‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫خطای‬ ‫ریسک‬ ‫ارزیابی‬
Technique for Human Error Rate
Prediction
‫ی‬ ‫شناس‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ ‫ی‬‫دانشجو‬
‫شد‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ارگونومی‬
‫در‬‫موجود‬‫ایمنی‬‫خطرات‬ ‫های‬ ‫ریسک‬ ‫و‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫خطای‬ ‫ارزیابی‬ ‫های‬‫ابزار‬
‫احتم‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫برآورد‬‫و‬‫خطرات‬ ‫پتانسیل‬‫تشخیص‬‫جهت‬ ،‫ها‬‫سیستم‬‫الی‬
‫ی‬‫حیطه‬‫در‬‫حوادث‬ ‫و‬‫خطر‬‫از‬ ‫ناشی‬HSE‫است‬.‫انسانی‬ ‫اعتماد‬ ‫ارزیابی‬
(HRA)‫عنوان‬‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫انسانی‬ ‫های‬ ‫خطا‬‫بینی‬‫پیش‬ ‫های‬ ‫روش‬‫شامل‬
‫است‬‫اتمی‬ ‫های‬ ‫نیروگاه‬‫جمله‬‫از‬‫ایمنی‬ ‫وقایع‬ ‫قلمرو‬‫در‬ ‫نمونه‬.‫خطای‬
‫اشخاص‬ ‫های‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫عدم‬‫یا‬ ‫ها‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫گویای‬ ‫منابع‬‫اغلب‬‫در‬ ،‫انسانی‬‫در‬
‫ای‬‫سطح‬ ‫یا‬ ‫وضعیت‬‫بر‬‫بار‬ ‫زیان‬‫اثر‬ ‫تواند‬‫می‬‫که‬‫است‬‫سیستم‬‫یک‬‫منی‬
‫سیتسم‬‫بود‬‫خواهد‬‫اثرگذار‬ ‫آن‬‫بر‬ ‫وی‬‫که‬ ‫باشد‬‫داشته‬.
‫مقدمه‬
‫رانندگی‬
‫در‬‫ششمین‬‫همایش‬‫ساالنه‬‫ی‬
‫جامعه‬‫ی‬‫عوامل‬‫انسانی‬‫در‬‫نوامبر‬
1962،‫سمپوزیومی‬‫با‬‫عنوان‬
«‫معرفی‬‫خطای‬‫انسانی‬»‫برگز‬‫ار‬
‫شد‬‫که‬‫در‬‫آن‬‫دکتر‬‫آلن‬‫سوین‬
(Dr. Alan Swain)‫اولین‬
‫ویرایش‬‫از‬THERP‫را‬‫ارائه‬‫کرد‬
‫که‬‫به‬،‫عبارتی‬‫اول‬‫شکل‬‫رسمی‬‫از‬
HRA‫نیز‬‫بود‬.
Subtitle
‫ی‬ ‫تاریخچه‬
‫های‬ ‫نسل‬
HRA
‫ی‬‫ا‬‫اجر‬‫مراحل‬THERP
1- Define system failure of interest
2- List and analyze the related human operation
3- estimate the relevant
error probabilities
4- Estimate the effects of Human errors on the
system failure events
5- Recommend changes to the system and
recalculate the system failure probabilities.
OutlineofTHERP
ProcedureforHRA
‫روش‬‫از‬‫استفاده‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫مزای‬
THERP
•‫آسان‬ ‫کاربری‬
•‫ای‬ ‫هزینه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫صرفه‬
•‫ک‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫برآورد‬ ‫به‬ ‫نیاز‬ ،‫مقادیر‬ ‫بندی‬ ‫فهرست‬‫م‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫تر‬.
•‫نتایج‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫تفاوت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اختالف‬ ،‫انتخابی‬ ‫های‬ ‫نقش‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫تر‬ ‫کم‬ ،‫آمده‬ ‫دست‬ ‫به‬.
•‫نیست‬ ‫نیاز‬ ‫آن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫تخصصی‬ ‫افزار‬ ‫نرم‬ ‫هیچ‬.
‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫محدودیت‬
THERP
•‫کار‬ ‫جزئیات‬ ‫بر‬ ‫حد‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیش‬ ‫تأکید‬
•‫ها‬ ‫خطا‬ ‫علل‬ ‫بررسی‬ ‫در‬ ‫نگر‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫های‬ ‫مدل‬ ‫پوشش‬
•‫شده‬ ‫خالصه‬ ‫بسیار‬ ‫های‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫که‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫کاذب‬ ‫اعتماد‬‫اند‬.
•‫ن‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫کارخانه‬ ‫پرسنل‬ ‫از‬ ‫ای‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫ساختار‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫هیچ‬‫دارد‬.
•‫به‬ ‫برای‬ ‫پیشنهاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫موارد‬ ‫فهم‬ ‫در‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫محدودیت‬‫بود‬
‫وضعیت‬
‫اطالعات‬‫را‬‫از‬‫منابع‬‫تصمیم‬‫گیری‬‫و‬‫قضاوتی‬
‫تخصصی‬‫جمع‬‫آوری‬‫کنید‬.
‫فقط‬‫از‬‫داوران‬‫تخصصی‬‫استفاده‬‫کنید‬.
‫از‬‫ارزیابی‬‫های‬‫عملی‬‫یا‬‫وظایف‬‫شبیه‬‫سازی‬‫شد‬‫ه‬
‫استفاده‬‫کنید‬.
‫در‬‫بررسی‬،‫فرایند‬‫از‬‫نتایج‬‫ترکیب‬‫وظایف‬‫تش‬‫کیل‬
‫دهنده‬‫ی‬‫یک‬‫فعالیت‬‫استفاده‬‫کنید‬.
‫خطا‬‫ها‬‫بر‬‫اساس‬‫افراد‬‫جمع‬‫آوری‬‫کنید‬‫و‬‫فراوانی‬
‫خطا‬‫های‬‫مربوط‬‫به‬‫آن‬‫و‬‫زمان‬‫های‬‫انجام‬‫وظیفه‬‫و‬
‫دیگر‬‫توصیف‬‫ها‬‫را‬‫ثبت‬‫کنید‬.
‫اطالعات‬‫به‬‫دست‬‫آمده‬‫از‬‫عملکرد‬‫افراد‬‫دارای‬‫شرایط‬
‫امنیتی‬‫خاص‬‫هستند‬.(Privacy and Security)
‫احتمال‬‫بروز‬‫بسیاری‬‫از‬‫خطا‬‫های‬‫انسانی‬‫در‬‫برخی‬
،‫وظایف‬‫بسیار‬‫پایین‬‫است‬.
‫تاوان‬‫رخداد‬‫ناشی‬‫از‬‫یک‬‫خطای‬،‫انسانی‬‫باعث‬‫می‬‫ش‬‫ود‬
‫فرد‬‫خاطی‬‫نامشخص‬‫باقی‬‫بماند‬.
‫هزینه‬‫های‬‫مدیریتی‬‫و‬‫مشکالت‬‫هماهنگی‬‫در‬‫ثبت‬‫خ‬‫طا‬
‫ها‬‫و‬‫آنالیز‬‫آن‬‫ها‬‫حایز‬‫اهمیت‬‫است‬.
‫ی‬‫مقایسه‬THERP
‫دیگر‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ه‬‫روش‬‫برخی‬‫با‬
THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction)
THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction)

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THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction)