The document discusses the concept of perfect research and argues that there is always hope of doing perfect research. It provides several examples to support this argument. First, past medical research was considered perfect at the time, even though cures were not discovered yet. Second, scientific laws and discoveries like Newton's laws were based on research that was perfect for the time. Third, the author provides a personal example of accurately predicting an oil price drop based on their own research. The document concludes that research is an ongoing process, and what is considered perfect research may be modified or rejected over time as new discoveries are made.
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The TermsMany terms mean different things in our common language a.docxgloriab9
The Terms
Many terms mean different things in our common language and in scientific language, which leads to misunderstandings about what they mean. This is especially true with terms like theory and law. The table below shows a few terms about scientific knowledge, defined in both our common language and scientific language.
Commonly Misunderstood Terms
Term
Common Definition
Scientific Definition
hypothesis
an educated guess
a
testable
explanation used to guide research
theory
an idea
a set of ideas supported by multiple experiments, done by multiple scientists that describe
why
something occurs
law
an absolute truth
a description of
what
occurs (not why it occurs) supported by multiple experiments
Please read the article
HERE
to better understand the differences between these terms.
Example Situation:
I have asked a few friends to help me with a little experiment. I have asked them to put a white rose in a small vase filled almost to the top with water and add a few drops of blue food coloring. They are to make observations while the flower changes.
What has occurred?
We have put it in water and left it for a few hours.
When we came back we all had the same outcome. The flower had turned blue.
This is what we will call
Scientific law.
It is the happenings of a certain experiment. If you put a flower in colored water the flower will take on the color of the water. It simply says WHAT will happen.
But
why
did it occur?
My friends and I believe it is because the colored water is drawn up through the flower's stem.
This is what we call a
scientific theory.
It tries to explain WHY something occurs.
A scientific theory is not less true than a scientific law. However, a scientific law is a direct result of the results of the experiment. Since in order to become a scientific law it must be proven many times, it is unlikely that somehow new results will occur and a law will be disproved. However, a scientific theory is based on
interpretation
of experimental results. The results are not usually proven wrong, just the conclusions drawn from the observations. As new and different information becomes available we may realize that we did not draw the correct conclusion and we need to adjust our theory accordingly.
Just a Theory
When arguing against a scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, people will sometimes say, "but its just a theory." That means that they do not understand that scientific theories are the strongest explanations offered by science. Theories are not scientific laws "in training," like how bills can be ratified into laws. A scientific theory does not ever turn into a scientific law. Instead laws describe what happens, frequently with an equation, while theories explain why it happens. Theories are built on the work on many scientists who conduct many different experiments. Not all of these experiments have the same goal, but through their combined work theories are constantly revised.
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1. XXXX 1
XXXXXX
Academic Test
Article Review
28 December, 2010
There is No Hope of Doing Perfect Research (Griffiths, 1998, P97).
Do You Agree?
I disagree!! There is hope of a perfect research and it has been done in the past and it is being
done now. Most of the readers would disagree with this shocking claim but it is quite simple to
understand. The question lies in the definition of perfect research. How do we define this term?
Research means the search for knowledge and establishing contemporary facts. It is an ongoing
process. But a research on any subject that has no rival research or a fact that could beat it is a
perfect research.
Let me elaborate, few centuries ago certain diseases like cholera, malaria, typhoid and small pox
were considered incurable. The researches had been done at that time. And no one could argue
over the researches that they were insufficient or imperfect. They were complete in all respects.
The only missing piece was time. It was not time to discover the cure for those diseases. We can
relate the same case with the present. The HIV and AIDS are still incurable. Should we say that
the researches done on these subjects are not perfect? certainly not! The research is up to the
mark, acceptable or perfect. Hopefully in the coming years, the human race will come up with a
definite cure for HIV.
To make things simpler to understand, we should use the term transitional research. A striking
example of transitional research is on the fruits and vegetables. Every day scientists discover
new food constituents in these things. Even a common person observes that every week he or she
2. XXXX 2
hears some anchorperson on TV telling the audience that some particular fruit also cures a
particular disease or according to the latest research it is helpful in burning cholesterol or it is
good for eye sight etc.
And I would like to ask those people a question, who agree with the subject that there is no hope
for perfect research. Is Newton’s law of action and reaction imperfect? They should think twice
if their answer is yes, because the whole scientific structure will collapse at that answer. All the
inventions that we see around us are based on the scientific researches, or let me rephrase,
perfect researches. All the calculations, equations and the variables, if they were not perfect, how
could we possibly be witnessing the marvels of mankind? We see the Eifel Tower, we see the
bullet train, we see cancer being cured, we see small pox being cured, we see submarines, we see
monstrous weapons and Tanks, how can they possibly dazzle us without the perfect research?
We researched on food preferences of our citizens during our school days. We came up with
various statistics and numbers. We used different calculation methods to set a Marketing
strategy. Our research was based on firsthand experience. Our aim was to open a food business
and we developed a business model for it. We even got it approved from our senior management
and college staff. And we started selling food items in the Market. Did we succeed? No, it didn’t
work out as planned. Our theoretical work was flawless. We even took in the variable change
factor but it didn’t work out. The point is, our research work was still perfect. As no professor of
our business school was able to reject or modify our business plan.
In the original argument by Griffith that I’m referring to, he gave an example of abacus. He says
that if it had been a perfect research, we wouldn’t have been able to develop a computer
3. XXXX 3
from it. I’m not disagreeing with the idea. I’m not disregarding the original argument. Probably
I’m saying the same thing but in different words. Let me explain. The abacus was developed
before 1387 AD (Wikipedia.org) as a result of perfect research as there was no substitute
available for it at that time. As the time passed, Mathematics and study of electricity flourished.
New theories and methodologies were introduced. Those developments lead to the invention of
computers. Now was that not perfect research? Sure it was. So let’s summarize, the abacus was
invented as a result of perfect research A and the computers were invented as a result of perfect
research B, and the research continues. Every day we see new models of computers and
upgraded software and tons of gadgets. And the research is still in progress.
Let’s take a harsher stance. For the so called imperfect research, all the values, like the
gravitational constant g = 9.8m/second square and the speed of light which is 300,000,000
meters per second are perfect. For the people who want to argue about the exceptions in it, let me
quote another example, the value of pie which is equal to 22/7, scientists have tried to calculate
the value but it goes on and on, now this looks a very striking example of imperfect research but
there is no substitute of it. There is no calculator or computer in the world that can beat it or
could give a precise value of the mathematical pie. So again we conclude that the value of pie is
perfect as there is no better value or substitute available to it other than 3.14159…..
There is always hope of doing perfect research. I would like to quote an astounding example
from my own research from the school days. We were researching the stock recommendations of
silver and oil. All the renowned index indicators like Morgan & Stanley, S & P 500 and the likes
were giving a buy recommendation right before the 2008 oil crisis (Tom Whipple, The Peak Oil
Crisis, The Silly Season Is Upon Us) . It can be traced back to all the well known newspapers.
We did our own research on it and found a major flaw in the recommendations of well respected
4. XXXX 4
index rating companies. We saw the humongous slump coming. Our rating was that the oil price
per barrel would drop to below $50 and the index raters were suggesting a buy for it. Of course
we couldn’t challenge them face to face, what we did was, we took a short position on our own
investment stocks and we benefitted. The price of oil plummeted to $43 per barrel. We made a
hefty profit of 130%. The point of explaining this firsthand experience is that our research was
perfect and theirs wasn’t.
Every day a perfect research conclusion is being created, modified or rejected. The research
process is like a black hole that is never ending. The word research is a verb. It is happening. If it
stops then it would become an imperfect research. May be one day a research would come out
that would reject the Newton’s laws of physics, rule out the gravitational law or even mock
Einstein’s theory of relativity. Then that research will be crowned as the perfect research till a
better one comes along.
5. XXXX 5
Works Cited
“2000s Energy Crisis.” Wikipedia. 2010. Web. 27 December 2010.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Oil_Crisis>.
Whipple, Tom. “The Peak Oil Crisis, The Silly Season Is Upon Us.” Falls Church News-Press
17apr2008. Web. 27 December 2010. <http://www.mindfully.org/Energy/2008/Peak-Oil-
Crisis17apr08.htm>.