The document outlines the rules for the Punjab Judicial Service in Pakistan. It discusses:
- The authority to make the rules and their commencement.
- Definitions of key terms like "Government", "High Court", and "Service".
- The composition of the Service and the appointing authority.
- Methods of recruitment including initial recruitment, promotion, and prerequisites for confirmation and promotion.
- Conditions of service such as probation periods and extension.
In summary, the document establishes the rules and regulations for recruitment, promotion, and service conditions of the Punjab Judicial Service.
The document discusses sections of the Indian Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) that relate to arrests during criminal investigations. It provides definitions and outlines the powers of police to make arrests with or without a warrant. Some key points include:
- Section 41 defines when police may make arrests without a warrant for various circumstances including if there is reasonable suspicion of involvement in a cognizable offense.
- Sections 46-47 describe how arrests must be made and allow police to search places where an arrestee may have entered.
- Sections 49-51 address use of restraint during arrests, informing arrestees of grounds for arrest and rights to bail, and searching of arrested persons.
- Section 56 requires that arrested persons
Pre trial proceedings in criminal case by ghulam hamidzulfi799
The document summarizes the key stages in pre-trial criminal proceedings in Pakistan, including:
1) Occurrence of the crime and victim/complainant reporting to police.
2) Police investigation under the Criminal Procedure Code, including registering an FIR, collecting evidence, and diary entries.
3) Police having the accused arrested (if a cognizable offense) and producing them before a magistrate within 24 hours. The magistrate then has powers to remand the accused to police custody for up to 15 days for further investigation or send to judicial custody.
The Indian Registration Act of 1908 outlines various sections related to compulsory and optional registration of documents in India. Key points:
1) Section 17 lists documents of which registration is compulsory, including gifts of immovable property, leases over one year, and instruments related to rights over property valued over 100 rupees.
2) Section 18 allows for optional registration of similar documents valued under 100 rupees and leases under one year.
3) Documents must generally be presented for registration within 4 months and must contain an accurate description and map of the property for registration relating to land.
This article discusses slavery and forced labor based on Article 6 of the Federal Constitution. It defines different types of slavery such as chattel slavery, serfdom, and forced labor. Compulsory national services like the National Service Training Program are not considered forced labor. Required community work after being found guilty in court also does not count as forced labor. Government employees do not have the right to refuse unexpected transfers or tasks. Several acts like the Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act were passed to abolish slavery and forced labor.
This document discusses the role and powers of a Justice of Peace (JP) in Pakistan. It notes that a JP performs administrative and ministerial functions, not judicial roles. It outlines the types of complaints a JP can address related to police matters, such as failures to register cases or record statements. However, a JP cannot directly interfere with investigations or transfer cases. When addressing complaints, a JP should gather police comments, ensure remedies are exhausted, and focus on facilitating solutions rather than directly resolving issues. Non-compliance of a JP's directions can result in recommending criminal cases or actions by higher police authorities.
The document summarizes Section 167 of the Criminal Procedure Code relating to procedures when an investigation cannot be completed within 24 hours of arrest. It provides 3 key points:
1) If an investigation is not completed within 24 hours, the investigating officer must transmit case diary entries to the nearest magistrate and forward the accused.
2) The magistrate may authorize detention in custody for up to 15 days total, and may extend judicial custody for a maximum of 90 or 60 days depending on the offense.
3) The accused must be produced before the magistrate in person for any custody authorization, and is entitled to bail after the maximum custody period unless charges are filed.
Bail is the release of an accused person from custody, on the condition that they will return for their trial or other legal proceedings. The purpose of bail is to ensure the presence of the accused at trial while also protecting their liberty prior to being proven guilty. Bail laws originated in ancient times and are now codified in the Indian Criminal Procedure Code. Bail can be granted for bailable offenses with sentences under 3 years or fines only. For more serious non-bailable offenses, courts consider various factors like evidence and witness tampering risk when deciding bail. The process involves applying to the court and potentially depositing an amount until the trial. Grant of bail is mandatory in certain circumstances like incomplete investigations or if the accused is
The document discusses sections of the Indian Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) that relate to arrests during criminal investigations. It provides definitions and outlines the powers of police to make arrests with or without a warrant. Some key points include:
- Section 41 defines when police may make arrests without a warrant for various circumstances including if there is reasonable suspicion of involvement in a cognizable offense.
- Sections 46-47 describe how arrests must be made and allow police to search places where an arrestee may have entered.
- Sections 49-51 address use of restraint during arrests, informing arrestees of grounds for arrest and rights to bail, and searching of arrested persons.
- Section 56 requires that arrested persons
Pre trial proceedings in criminal case by ghulam hamidzulfi799
The document summarizes the key stages in pre-trial criminal proceedings in Pakistan, including:
1) Occurrence of the crime and victim/complainant reporting to police.
2) Police investigation under the Criminal Procedure Code, including registering an FIR, collecting evidence, and diary entries.
3) Police having the accused arrested (if a cognizable offense) and producing them before a magistrate within 24 hours. The magistrate then has powers to remand the accused to police custody for up to 15 days for further investigation or send to judicial custody.
The Indian Registration Act of 1908 outlines various sections related to compulsory and optional registration of documents in India. Key points:
1) Section 17 lists documents of which registration is compulsory, including gifts of immovable property, leases over one year, and instruments related to rights over property valued over 100 rupees.
2) Section 18 allows for optional registration of similar documents valued under 100 rupees and leases under one year.
3) Documents must generally be presented for registration within 4 months and must contain an accurate description and map of the property for registration relating to land.
This article discusses slavery and forced labor based on Article 6 of the Federal Constitution. It defines different types of slavery such as chattel slavery, serfdom, and forced labor. Compulsory national services like the National Service Training Program are not considered forced labor. Required community work after being found guilty in court also does not count as forced labor. Government employees do not have the right to refuse unexpected transfers or tasks. Several acts like the Employment Act and Workmen's Compensation Act were passed to abolish slavery and forced labor.
This document discusses the role and powers of a Justice of Peace (JP) in Pakistan. It notes that a JP performs administrative and ministerial functions, not judicial roles. It outlines the types of complaints a JP can address related to police matters, such as failures to register cases or record statements. However, a JP cannot directly interfere with investigations or transfer cases. When addressing complaints, a JP should gather police comments, ensure remedies are exhausted, and focus on facilitating solutions rather than directly resolving issues. Non-compliance of a JP's directions can result in recommending criminal cases or actions by higher police authorities.
The document summarizes Section 167 of the Criminal Procedure Code relating to procedures when an investigation cannot be completed within 24 hours of arrest. It provides 3 key points:
1) If an investigation is not completed within 24 hours, the investigating officer must transmit case diary entries to the nearest magistrate and forward the accused.
2) The magistrate may authorize detention in custody for up to 15 days total, and may extend judicial custody for a maximum of 90 or 60 days depending on the offense.
3) The accused must be produced before the magistrate in person for any custody authorization, and is entitled to bail after the maximum custody period unless charges are filed.
Bail is the release of an accused person from custody, on the condition that they will return for their trial or other legal proceedings. The purpose of bail is to ensure the presence of the accused at trial while also protecting their liberty prior to being proven guilty. Bail laws originated in ancient times and are now codified in the Indian Criminal Procedure Code. Bail can be granted for bailable offenses with sentences under 3 years or fines only. For more serious non-bailable offenses, courts consider various factors like evidence and witness tampering risk when deciding bail. The process involves applying to the court and potentially depositing an amount until the trial. Grant of bail is mandatory in certain circumstances like incomplete investigations or if the accused is
Presumption means accepting something as true until it is proven otherwise. There are two types of presumptions: rebuttable and irrebuttable. Rebuttable presumptions can be challenged with evidence, such as the presumption of innocence in criminal cases. Irrebuttable presumptions, also called conclusive presumptions, cannot be challenged with any additional evidence, such as the presumption that a child under 7 does not have the mental capacity to commit a crime. The Evidence Act of 1872 provides guidance on how courts should treat facts that are presumed, whether the presumption can be challenged or is conclusive.
Criminal Procedure Code 1898, { Arrest -Warrant and Mode of Production}ShahMuhammad55
There are 6 modes for producing an accused person before a court of law according to Indian criminal procedure: summons, warrant, warrant in lieu of summons, proclamation of an absconder, attachment of property, and bond for appearance. A warrant of arrest is a written order issued by a magistrate directing a peace officer to arrest an accused person. It must be in writing, identify the accused, specify the offense, be signed by the magistrate, and bear the name and designation of the person to whom it is directed. There are two types of arrest warrants under criminal procedure: bailable and non-bailable. A bailable warrant allows the accused to post bond for release while a non-bailable warrant is used
This course is the first level of introductory Arabic and aims to equip students with basic communication skills in Arabic. Students will be exposed to vocabulary, grammar, phrases and introductory conversations covering everyday topics like greetings, family, food, activities and culture. The course emphasizes listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. By the end of the course students should be able to demonstrate social and language skills when interacting in Arabic and have a basic ability to communicate orally and in writing on topics covered. Assessment includes simulations, tests, and role-playing assignments.
This document is the Penal Code of Malaysia. It contains the laws relating to criminal offenses and punishments in Malaysia. The document begins with information on the enactment and revision history of the Penal Code. It then provides an arrangement of the sections and chapters that make up the Code. The chapters cover general explanations, punishments, general exceptions, abetment, criminal conspiracy, offenses against the state, offenses relating to the armed forces, offenses against public tranquility, offenses by public servants, contempts of lawful authority, false evidence and offenses against public justice.
The document discusses key provisions of the Bill of Rights in the Philippine Constitution. It covers the rights to due process, equal protection, privacy, free speech, religious freedom, travel, information access, and association. It also discusses limitations on these rights and the powers of government, including eminent domain, police power, and taxation.
Differences between admission and confession under Evidence Act, 1872A K DAS's | Law
Admission and confession differ in several key ways according to the Evidence Act of 1872. Admissions are for civil suits, while confessions are for criminal cases. Admissions can be oral or written, but confessions must be oral. Judicial magistrates have the power to record confessions but not admissions, as they do not have jurisdiction over civil suits. While all confessions are a type of admission, not all admissions are confessions. Admissions are broader and confessions are more specific. Admissions can be made by any party in a civil suit, but confessions must come from the accused. Admissions and confessions also differ in the procedures for being recorded and the sections of the Evidence Act that govern them.
Natural justice, also known as procedural fairness, refers to procedural safeguards that prevent improper exercises of power by public authorities and require fair administrative procedures, including the right to be heard and freedom from bias. The principles of natural justice apply when a public authority exercises quasi-judicial powers and require providing notice, a hearing, disclosure of evidence, and a reasoned decision. Failure to observe natural justice can invalidate administrative decisions.
Article 7 prohibition of retrospective criminal lawHafizul Mukhlis
Article 7 of the document prohibits retrospective criminal laws in two parts. First, it prohibits punishing people for acts that were legal at the time. Second, it prohibits imposing greater punishment than what was prescribed by law at the time of the offense. The document discusses that retrospective changes to substantive criminal law and punishment are not allowed, while retrospective procedural changes are permitted. It analyzes a past court case, Loh Kooi Choon, where a constitutional amendment was found to improperly deprive someone of legal protections retroactively.
This document discusses bail under Pakistani law. It defines bail as the release of an accused person from custody, on the condition that they will appear in court. Bail aims to secure the accused's presence at trial while allowing them liberty before being proven guilty. Offences are divided into bailable and non-bailable categories. For bailable offences, bail is granted as a matter of right. For non-bailable offences, various factors are considered in granting bail, including the nature of the accusation and severity of punishment. Certain classes of serious offences have prohibitions on granting bail except in special circumstances like for juveniles or the sick. Pre-arrest bail is rarely granted in exceptional circumstances to prevent unnecessary harassment
Code of civil procedure 1908 suits in particular cases pptxDr. Vikas Khakare
This presentation contains provision as to suits in particular cases. It include provisions under Code of Civil Procedure as to suit by or against government and public office; suit by or against corporation; suit by or against minor and person of unsound mind; suit by indigent person and interpleader suits.
Kemala has two options under the National Land Code to gain access to her land - an easement or a Land Administrator's Right of Way (LAROW). An easement requires the consent of the neighboring landowner while a LAROW can be imposed by the Land Administrator if no alternative route exists. However, the Land Administrator is typically reluctant to grant a LAROW if another option is available. Kemala must decide whether paying her neighbor is preferable to an uncertain LAROW application.
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia AdvocateVijay Dalmia
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia Advocate
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia Advocate - Terms, Conditions, Rights of Accused. Duty of Police and Courts
This document discusses key concepts in contract law such as misrepresentation, remedies for misrepresentation, privity of contract, and exceptions to privity of contract. It provides examples of cases that illustrate innominate contract terms, privity of contract, and the 8 exceptions to privity of contract. The document also outlines the elements needed for a claim of misrepresentation and the available remedies if a contract is rescinded due to misrepresentation.
LAND LAW 1 slides THE NATIONAL LAND CODE Revised 2014xareejx
The National Land Code 1965 (NLC) is the main legislation governing land administration in Peninsular Malaysia, excluding Sabah and Sarawak. Key features of the NLC include vesting all land ownership in the state authority, establishing a system of land titling based on indefeasible and conclusive registration, and reversion of alienated land back to the state under certain circumstances. The NLC also implements a caveat system and prohibits adverse possession or acquisition of land without proper alienation and registration. While the NLC does not explicitly provide for equitable principles, general equity can apply to the extent not inconsistent with the NLC.
The Federal Constitution of Malaysia is the supreme law of the land. Any laws passed must be consistent with the constitution, and if inconsistent, are void. The constitution establishes parliamentary sovereignty but subordinates it to constitutional requirements. Courts have power to review laws and declare them invalid if unconstitutional. Several cases are discussed where the court struck down laws as unconstitutional, affirming the supremacy of the Federal Constitution.
This document provides background information on the powers and functions of revenue officers as executive magistrates under the Criminal Procedure Code of India. It discusses key sections of the code that deal with the appointment of executive magistrates and their jurisdiction, powers to conduct searches, maintain security and public order, handle unlawful assemblies, public nuisances, and conduct inquests into unnatural deaths. The document also analyzes procedures for executive magistrates to deal with cases under sections related to breach of peace and maintaining good behavior.
This document outlines key provisions from Pakistan's Constitution and the Civil Servants Act of 1973 regarding the appointment and terms of service for civil servants in Pakistan.
The Constitution (Articles 240-241) establishes that appointments to civil service positions shall be determined by acts of Parliament for federal positions, and by provincial assemblies for provincial positions. It also allows existing rules to remain in force until new legislation is passed.
The Civil Servants Act of 1973 regulates the appointment, terms, and conditions of civil servants. It defines important terms, establishes that civil servants serve at the pleasure of the President, and covers appointment processes, probation periods, confirmation procedures, determination of seniority, and promotion eligibility and processes.
Recovery of debt due to bank and financial institutions, 1993ACS Shalu Saraf
1. The document discusses the establishment, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993.
2. Tribunals have the jurisdiction to entertain and decide applications from banks and financial institutions for recovery of debts. Appellate Tribunals have jurisdiction over appeals against Tribunal orders.
3. Tribunals are headed by a Presiding Officer, while Appellate Tribunals are headed by a Chairperson. Their qualifications, terms, resignation process, and removal process are outlined.
4. The document also describes the application and appeal procedures before these bodies, their powers, and the process
Presumption means accepting something as true until it is proven otherwise. There are two types of presumptions: rebuttable and irrebuttable. Rebuttable presumptions can be challenged with evidence, such as the presumption of innocence in criminal cases. Irrebuttable presumptions, also called conclusive presumptions, cannot be challenged with any additional evidence, such as the presumption that a child under 7 does not have the mental capacity to commit a crime. The Evidence Act of 1872 provides guidance on how courts should treat facts that are presumed, whether the presumption can be challenged or is conclusive.
Criminal Procedure Code 1898, { Arrest -Warrant and Mode of Production}ShahMuhammad55
There are 6 modes for producing an accused person before a court of law according to Indian criminal procedure: summons, warrant, warrant in lieu of summons, proclamation of an absconder, attachment of property, and bond for appearance. A warrant of arrest is a written order issued by a magistrate directing a peace officer to arrest an accused person. It must be in writing, identify the accused, specify the offense, be signed by the magistrate, and bear the name and designation of the person to whom it is directed. There are two types of arrest warrants under criminal procedure: bailable and non-bailable. A bailable warrant allows the accused to post bond for release while a non-bailable warrant is used
This course is the first level of introductory Arabic and aims to equip students with basic communication skills in Arabic. Students will be exposed to vocabulary, grammar, phrases and introductory conversations covering everyday topics like greetings, family, food, activities and culture. The course emphasizes listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. By the end of the course students should be able to demonstrate social and language skills when interacting in Arabic and have a basic ability to communicate orally and in writing on topics covered. Assessment includes simulations, tests, and role-playing assignments.
This document is the Penal Code of Malaysia. It contains the laws relating to criminal offenses and punishments in Malaysia. The document begins with information on the enactment and revision history of the Penal Code. It then provides an arrangement of the sections and chapters that make up the Code. The chapters cover general explanations, punishments, general exceptions, abetment, criminal conspiracy, offenses against the state, offenses relating to the armed forces, offenses against public tranquility, offenses by public servants, contempts of lawful authority, false evidence and offenses against public justice.
The document discusses key provisions of the Bill of Rights in the Philippine Constitution. It covers the rights to due process, equal protection, privacy, free speech, religious freedom, travel, information access, and association. It also discusses limitations on these rights and the powers of government, including eminent domain, police power, and taxation.
Differences between admission and confession under Evidence Act, 1872A K DAS's | Law
Admission and confession differ in several key ways according to the Evidence Act of 1872. Admissions are for civil suits, while confessions are for criminal cases. Admissions can be oral or written, but confessions must be oral. Judicial magistrates have the power to record confessions but not admissions, as they do not have jurisdiction over civil suits. While all confessions are a type of admission, not all admissions are confessions. Admissions are broader and confessions are more specific. Admissions can be made by any party in a civil suit, but confessions must come from the accused. Admissions and confessions also differ in the procedures for being recorded and the sections of the Evidence Act that govern them.
Natural justice, also known as procedural fairness, refers to procedural safeguards that prevent improper exercises of power by public authorities and require fair administrative procedures, including the right to be heard and freedom from bias. The principles of natural justice apply when a public authority exercises quasi-judicial powers and require providing notice, a hearing, disclosure of evidence, and a reasoned decision. Failure to observe natural justice can invalidate administrative decisions.
Article 7 prohibition of retrospective criminal lawHafizul Mukhlis
Article 7 of the document prohibits retrospective criminal laws in two parts. First, it prohibits punishing people for acts that were legal at the time. Second, it prohibits imposing greater punishment than what was prescribed by law at the time of the offense. The document discusses that retrospective changes to substantive criminal law and punishment are not allowed, while retrospective procedural changes are permitted. It analyzes a past court case, Loh Kooi Choon, where a constitutional amendment was found to improperly deprive someone of legal protections retroactively.
This document discusses bail under Pakistani law. It defines bail as the release of an accused person from custody, on the condition that they will appear in court. Bail aims to secure the accused's presence at trial while allowing them liberty before being proven guilty. Offences are divided into bailable and non-bailable categories. For bailable offences, bail is granted as a matter of right. For non-bailable offences, various factors are considered in granting bail, including the nature of the accusation and severity of punishment. Certain classes of serious offences have prohibitions on granting bail except in special circumstances like for juveniles or the sick. Pre-arrest bail is rarely granted in exceptional circumstances to prevent unnecessary harassment
Code of civil procedure 1908 suits in particular cases pptxDr. Vikas Khakare
This presentation contains provision as to suits in particular cases. It include provisions under Code of Civil Procedure as to suit by or against government and public office; suit by or against corporation; suit by or against minor and person of unsound mind; suit by indigent person and interpleader suits.
Kemala has two options under the National Land Code to gain access to her land - an easement or a Land Administrator's Right of Way (LAROW). An easement requires the consent of the neighboring landowner while a LAROW can be imposed by the Land Administrator if no alternative route exists. However, the Land Administrator is typically reluctant to grant a LAROW if another option is available. Kemala must decide whether paying her neighbor is preferable to an uncertain LAROW application.
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia AdvocateVijay Dalmia
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia Advocate
Police Remand Judicial Remand & Default bail by Vijay Pal Dalmia Advocate - Terms, Conditions, Rights of Accused. Duty of Police and Courts
This document discusses key concepts in contract law such as misrepresentation, remedies for misrepresentation, privity of contract, and exceptions to privity of contract. It provides examples of cases that illustrate innominate contract terms, privity of contract, and the 8 exceptions to privity of contract. The document also outlines the elements needed for a claim of misrepresentation and the available remedies if a contract is rescinded due to misrepresentation.
LAND LAW 1 slides THE NATIONAL LAND CODE Revised 2014xareejx
The National Land Code 1965 (NLC) is the main legislation governing land administration in Peninsular Malaysia, excluding Sabah and Sarawak. Key features of the NLC include vesting all land ownership in the state authority, establishing a system of land titling based on indefeasible and conclusive registration, and reversion of alienated land back to the state under certain circumstances. The NLC also implements a caveat system and prohibits adverse possession or acquisition of land without proper alienation and registration. While the NLC does not explicitly provide for equitable principles, general equity can apply to the extent not inconsistent with the NLC.
The Federal Constitution of Malaysia is the supreme law of the land. Any laws passed must be consistent with the constitution, and if inconsistent, are void. The constitution establishes parliamentary sovereignty but subordinates it to constitutional requirements. Courts have power to review laws and declare them invalid if unconstitutional. Several cases are discussed where the court struck down laws as unconstitutional, affirming the supremacy of the Federal Constitution.
This document provides background information on the powers and functions of revenue officers as executive magistrates under the Criminal Procedure Code of India. It discusses key sections of the code that deal with the appointment of executive magistrates and their jurisdiction, powers to conduct searches, maintain security and public order, handle unlawful assemblies, public nuisances, and conduct inquests into unnatural deaths. The document also analyzes procedures for executive magistrates to deal with cases under sections related to breach of peace and maintaining good behavior.
This document outlines key provisions from Pakistan's Constitution and the Civil Servants Act of 1973 regarding the appointment and terms of service for civil servants in Pakistan.
The Constitution (Articles 240-241) establishes that appointments to civil service positions shall be determined by acts of Parliament for federal positions, and by provincial assemblies for provincial positions. It also allows existing rules to remain in force until new legislation is passed.
The Civil Servants Act of 1973 regulates the appointment, terms, and conditions of civil servants. It defines important terms, establishes that civil servants serve at the pleasure of the President, and covers appointment processes, probation periods, confirmation procedures, determination of seniority, and promotion eligibility and processes.
Recovery of debt due to bank and financial institutions, 1993ACS Shalu Saraf
1. The document discusses the establishment, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures of Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993.
2. Tribunals have the jurisdiction to entertain and decide applications from banks and financial institutions for recovery of debts. Appellate Tribunals have jurisdiction over appeals against Tribunal orders.
3. Tribunals are headed by a Presiding Officer, while Appellate Tribunals are headed by a Chairperson. Their qualifications, terms, resignation process, and removal process are outlined.
4. The document also describes the application and appeal procedures before these bodies, their powers, and the process
The document summarizes the Punjab Civil Servants Act of 1974 and the Punjab Civil Servants (Appointment and Conditions of Service) Rules of 1974. It outlines key definitions related to civil service appointments, terms and conditions of service, procedures for appointments, promotions, probation, seniority, retirement and other administrative matters. Key points covered include definitions of temporary and permanent posts, procedures for initial recruitment, promotion, probation, criteria for seniority determination, retirement age and rules around conduct, leave, pension and appeal processes.
The document discusses sections from India's cyber law. It outlines penalties for unauthorized access to computers and computer networks, damage to computers, failure to provide information to authorities, and residual penalties. It also describes the process for adjudicating violations, establishing a Cyber Appellate Tribunal, qualifications for the tribunal's presiding officer, and their terms of office.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament to regulate the procedure for recommending appointments of chief justices and other judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts in India. It establishes the National Judicial Appointments Commission to make recommendations to fill judicial vacancies. The bill defines key terms and sets headquarters in Delhi. It outlines procedures for recommending appointments and transfers of chief justices and judges based on criteria like seniority, merit, and ability.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament. It establishes procedures for the Commission to recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and other judges. Key points include:
- The Commission will recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- It will consider seniority, ability, merit and other criteria in recommendations.
- The President will make appointments based on the Commission's recommendations, but can require reconsideration.
- Regulations and rules will further specify procedures and criteria for the Commission's functions.
Political Law (Constitutional Law) – Article IX _ Philippine Law Reviewers.pdfjrence2
The document summarizes key provisions of Article IX of the Philippine Constitution regarding the Constitutional Commissions. It discusses the composition, powers, and functions of the Civil Service Commission, Commission on Elections, and Commission on Audit. The commissions are independent to ensure the integrity of their vital government functions. They have fiscal autonomy, commissioners have fixed terms and can only be removed by impeachment. The commissions may promulgate their own procedural rules and decide cases by majority vote.
The document outlines the Sindh Civil Servants (Efficiency and Discipline) Rules of 1973 which establish procedures for ensuring efficiency and discipline among civil servants in Sindh. The rules define key terms, outline grounds for penalties against civil servants, list possible penalties, and establish procedures for inquiries and appeals. It provides the authority structure and process for imposing penalties or exonerating civil servants depending on the outcome of inquiries into allegations of misconduct or lack of efficiency.
Efficiency & discipline rules by muhammad ejaz ghani from stiMuhammadUmair522
The document discusses disciplinary rules and procedures for government servants in Pakistan. It outlines the purpose of disciplinary rules as balancing the rights of employers and employees. It defines key terms and outlines the grounds for penalties against government servants, including inefficiency, misconduct, corruption, subversive activities, and disclosure of official secrets. It describes the process for departmental inquiries and preliminary inquiries. It provides details of the minor and major penalties that can be imposed. It also outlines the inquiry procedures, including appointing an inquiry officer or committee, framing charges, allowing the accused to respond to allegations, and examining evidence.
The power of the PEOPLE is stronger than the people in power.................sevanavakasa niyamam uploaded by T.J Joseph deputy tahsildar.Kottayam,Mob-9447464502
Central Administrative Tribunal ChandigarhSatish Mishra
The document contains frequently asked questions about administrative tribunals in India. It discusses that the objective of setting up the Central Administrative Tribunal is to provide inexpensive and speedy relief to central government employees regarding service matters. The tribunal adjudicates disputes related to recruitment, conditions of service, and other issues for union public services. To be appointed as chairman, one must be or have been a high court judge. Administrative and judicial members must have certain levels of experience working for the central or state governments. There are 17 benches of the tribunal located throughout India near high courts. Applications to the tribunal must generally be made within one year of a final order or six months of an appeal, though some exceptions exist.
- There was a large rise in cyber crimes in India from 2012 to 2013 according to the Information Technology Act of 2000, increasing from 4,192 crimes to 5,500 crimes.
- Two states that saw over a 50% increase in cyber crimes were Maharashtra (681 crimes) and Andhra Pradesh (635 crimes). Overall India saw a 122% increase in cyber crimes according to the National Crimes Records Bureau.
- The Information Technology Act outlines penalties for various cyber crimes such as accessing computers without permission, downloading data without permission, and disrupting computer systems, with fines of up to 1 crore rupees. It also establishes adjudicating officers to investigate cyber crimes and impose penalties.
- There was a large rise in cyber crimes in India from 2012 to 2013 according to the Information Technology Act of 2000, with the number increasing from 2761 to 4192. The number of cyber crimes under the Indian Penal Code was 5500 in 2013.
- The states with the highest numbers of cyber crimes reported in 2013 under the IT Act were Maharashtra (681 crimes), Andhra Pradesh (635 crimes), Karnataka (513 crimes), Kerala (349 crimes), and Madhya Pradesh (282 crimes).
- The IT Act outlines penalties for various cyber crimes such as unauthorized access to computer systems, data theft, computer contamination, and more. It also describes the process for adjudicating cyber crimes and
The document describes the Cyber Appellate Tribunal, which was established under the Information Technology Act 2000. It has jurisdiction over appeals of orders made by controllers or adjudicating officers. The tribunal consists of a single presiding officer, who must be qualified as a high court judge or have sufficient experience in the Indian Legal Service. It has the power to regulate its own procedures and also has powers equivalent to civil courts to summon parties, require discovery, and review decisions. The purpose is to provide a forum for aggrieved parties to appeal orders made under the Information Technology Act.
This document announces a recruitment examination for the position of Review Officer in the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. It provides important dates for the application process, details of the 132 vacancies available, reservation policies, eligibility requirements, age limits, selection process, and general instructions. The selection process will consist of a 2.5 hour objective test (Stage I) and a 15 minute computer skills test (Stage II). The document outlines the syllabus, scoring, and qualifying standards for both stages of the examination.
This document summarizes key provisions around the appointment and removal of auditors under Section 139-140 of the Companies Act 2013. It discusses the periods of appointment for individual and audit firm auditors, requirements around rotation of auditors and filling casual vacancies. It also outlines the process for reappointing retiring auditors, circumstances allowing removal of auditors before the end of their term, requirements for auditor resignation, and removal of auditors by the central government.
The document outlines regulations for the appointment of officers from State Civil Services to the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) by induction. It details a 4-stage selection process including a written exam, evaluation of service records, and interview. A select list of suitable officers will be prepared each year not exceeding the number of vacancies. Appointments to the IAS will be made from this list in the order of ranking. Some provisions allow for officers to be listed provisionally or deemed unsuitable due to pending cases or adverse findings.
1) The document discusses the key provisions of the Contract Labour Act of 1970 in India, which regulates the employment of contract labor.
2) It defines important terms like "contractor", "contract labor", and "principal employer".
3) The main provisions covered include registration of establishments employing contract labor, licensing of contractors, welfare measures for contract labor, penalties for non-compliance, and powers of inspection and rule-making.
Similar to The Punjab Judicial Services Rules 1994 (20)
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
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The Punjab Judicial Services Rules 1994
1. THE PUNJAB JUDICIAL SERVICE RULES, 1994
(as amended upto 2015 vide notification No.SOR-III(S&GAD)2-17/94 (P), dated
13.05.2015)
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 23 of the Punjab Civil
Servants Act, 1974, the Governor of the Punjab is pleased to make the following
rules regulating recruitment to the Punjab Judicial Service and prescribing
conditions of service for the persons appointed thereto: -
PART I
GENERAL
1. Short title and Commencement. ---(1) These rules may be called the
Punjab Judicial Service Rules, 1994.
(2). They shall come into force at once.
(3). They shall apply to all the members of the service.
2. Definitions.----In these rules, unless there is anything repugnant in the
subject or context: -
(a). “Chief Justice” means the Chief Justice of Lahore High Court,
Lahore.
(b). “Government” means the Government of the Punjab.
(c). “High Court” means the Lahore High Court, Lahore.
(d). “Initial appointment” means appointment made otherwise than
by promotion or transfer from another service/department/post.
(e). “Provincial Judicial Selection Board” means the Administration
Committee of the High Court or a Board comprising such number of
Judges of the High Court as may be nominated by the
Administration Committee.
(f). “Departmental Promotion Committee” means a Committee of
two Judges of the High Court nominated by the Administration
Committee.
(g). “Recognized University” means any University established by or
under a law in Pakistan or any other University which may be
declared by Government to be a recognized University for the
purpose of these rules: and
(h). “Service” means the Punjab Judicial Service.
(i). “Commission” means Punjab Public Service Commission.
PART II
RECRUITMENT
3. Constitution of Service. ------- The service shall comprise the posts of: -
(a). District & Sessions Judges.
(b). Additional District & Sessions Judges.
2. (c). Senior Civil Judges-cum-Magistrates.
(d). Civil Judges-cum-Magistrates.
4. Appointing Authority. ----Appointments to the service shall be made by
the High Court.
5. Method of Recruitment.----(1) Appointment to a post of Civil Judge-cum-
Magistrates shall be made by initial recruitment on the recommendation on
the Commission based on the result of competitive examination conducted
by it in the subjects specified in the Appendix-A to these rules.
(2). Omitted.
(3). Appointment to the post of Additional District & Sessions Judge shall
be made to the extent of forty percent of the available vacancies
through initial recruitment from amongst members of the Bar and;
(4). Appointment to the post of Additional District & Sessions Judge
under sub-rule (3) shall be made on the recommendations of the
Examination Committee and the Examination Committee shall
conduct competitive examination for the said purpose in the subjects
specified in Appendix-B to these rules.
Explanation.----For purpose of this rule, ‘Examination Committee’
means of three Judges of the High Court nominated by the Chief
Justice.
6. Age.----(1) No person shall be appointed to the service:
(i). in case of initial recruitment as Civil Judge-cum-
Magistrates if he is less than twenty two years and
more than thirty years of age .
Provided that -----
(a) in the case of a Government Servant who has served in
connection the affairs of the Federation or the Province
of Punjab for a period of not less than three years, the
upper age limit shall be thirty five years;
(b) in the case of a Barrister or an Advocate of the High
Court and the Courts subordinate thereto or a Pleader,
the period during which he practiced at the Bar, subject
to a maximum period of three years, shall, for the
purpose of upper age limit under this rule, be excluded
from his age.
(c) in the case of a person whose service under
Government has been terminated for want of vacancy,
the period of service already rendered by him shall for
the purpose of upper age limit under this rule, be
excluded from his age.
(2). For the purposes of this rule, age shall be reckoned as on the last
date fixed for submission of applications for appointment.
7. Qualification. ----(1) No person shall be appointed to a post in the service
by initial recruitment unless: -
(a). in case of appointment to a post of Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate, he
possesses a degree in law from a recognized University entitling him
3. to practice the profession of Law or is a Member of the Faculty of
Advocates of Scotland.
(i) he possesses a degree in Law from a recognized University
entitling him to practice the profession of law or is a Member
of the Faculty of Advocate of Scotland;
(ii) he has actively practiced the profession of law for not less
than two years after having been enrolled as an Advocate;
and
(iii) he is domiciled in the Punjab.
Explanation: -For the purposes of this clause –
(i) the expression “practiced the profession of law” shall
include any period of Government service by a person
as –
(a) District Attorney, a Deputy District Attorney or an
Assistant District Attorney; or
(b) full time prosecutor authorized to conduct
prosecution on behalf of the Government; and
(ii) to prove active practice the candidate shall declare by
an affidavit that –
(a) he had been actively practicing the profession of
law during the two years preceding the date of
advertisement; and
(b) during this period he had not engaged himself in
any other whole time service, business or, as the
case may be, occupation for gain.
(b). In case of appointment to the post of Additional District & Sessions
Judge, he, apart from possessing the qualification prescribed in sub-
clause(i) of clause (a), is:
(i) a practicing Advocate of High Court and the court subordinate
to the High court with minimum practice of ten years; and
(ii) not less than thirty five years and not more than forty five
years of age; and
(ii) a Senior Civil Judge or Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate with ten
years’ service experience.
(c) A person shall not be appointed to the service through initial
recruitment unless he:
(i) produces a certificate of character from the principal academic
officer of the academic institution last attended and also such
certificates from two other respectable persons, not being his
relatives, who are well acquainted with his character and
antecedents;
(ii) is declared to be medically fit by a Board of Medical Officers,
appointed by the High Court; and
(iii) he is domiciled in Punjab.
4. PART IIA
METHOD OF CONFIRMATION
7A. Confirmation of Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate.----A Civil Judge-cum-
Magistrate shall not be confirmed in service unless:
(a) he completes initial or extended period of probation satisfactorily on
the basis of performance evaluation made by the Departmental
Confirmation Committee;
(b) he undergoes, attends and successfully qualifies such course and
training as may be determined by the High Court; and
(c) he has passed the departmental examination under the Punjab Civil
Judges Departmental Examination Rules, 1991.
7B. Confirmation of Additional District and Sessions Judge.---An
Additional District and Sessions Judge appointed through initial
recruitment shall not be confirmed in service unless:
(a) he completes initial or extended period of probation satisfactorily on
the basis of performance evaluation made by the Departmental
Confirmation Committee;
(b) he undergoes, attends and successfully qualifies such course and
training as may be determined by the High Court from time to time;
and
(c) he has passed the departmental examination as may be specified
by the High Court.
Explanation.---For purposes of these rules, ‘Departmental Confirmation
Committee’ means a committee of two Judges of the High Court nominated
by the Chief Justice.
PART IIB
METHOD OF PROMOTION
7C. Promotion.----The following shall be the method of promotion of judicial
officers;
(a) all posts of the Senior Civil Judges-cum-Magistrates shall be filled
through promotion on seniority-cum-fitness basis from amongst the
Civil Judges-cum-Magistrates;
(b) Sixty percent of the available posts of Additional District & Sessions
Judges shall be filled through promotion on seniority-cum-fitness
basis from amongst the Senior Civil Judges-cum-Magistrates; and
(c) all posts of the District & Sessions Judges shall be filled through
promotion on seniority-cum-fitness from amongst the Additional
District and Sessions Judges.
7D. Pre-requisite for promotion.---(1) A Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate, a
Senior Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate or an Additional District and Sessions
Judge shall not be eligible to be considered for promotion unless he
attends, undergoes and successfully qualifies such course and training at
Federal Judicial Academy, Punjab Judicial Academy or such other
institution as may be determined by the High Court; and, is recommended
for promotion by the performance Evaluation Committee.
5. (2). The Chief Justice shall constitute a Performance Evaluation
Committee which shall make recommendations for promotions on the
basis of performance evaluation of Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate, a
Senior Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate or an Additional District and
Sessions Judge.
(3). Notwithstanding anything contained in this rule, the High Court may
itself conduct a course or training for purposes of sub-rule(1).
PART III
CONDITIONS OF SERVICE
8. (1). A person appointed to a post in a grade against a substantive
vacancy shall remain on probation for a period of two years, if
appointed by initial recruitment, and for a period of one year, if
appointed otherwise; provided that the appointing authority may
extend the period of probation by a further period not exceeding two
years in all.
Explanation.--- Officiating service and service spend on deputation
to a corresponding or a higher post may be allowed to count towards
the period of probation.
(2). If no orders have been made by the day following the completion of
the initial probation period, the period of probation shall be deemed
to have been extended.
(3). A Civil Judge-cum-Magistrate or an Additional District and Sessions
Judge appointed through initial recruitment, who has been
confirmed under rule 7A or rule 7B, the confirmation shall take effect
from the date of initial appointment in the service.
9. Seniority.--- The inter se seniority of the members of the service in the
various grades thereof shall be determined.----
(a) in the case of members appointed by initial recruitment, in
accordance with the order of merit assigned by the Selection
Authority:
Provided that persons selected for the service in an earlier
selection shall rank senior to the persons selected in a later
selection.
(b) in the case of members appointed by promotion, with reference to
the dates of their continuous appointment therein:
Provided that if the date of continuous appointment in the case
of two or more members of the service is the same, the older officer,
if not junior to the younger officer or officers in the next below grade,
shall rank senior to the younger officer or officers.
(c) in the case of members joining the service on transfer from the
Executive, with reference to the date of their continuous appointment
in the original cadre.
Explanation I: If a junior officer in a lower grade is promoted temporarily
in the public interest, even though continuing later permanently in the
higher grade, it would not adversely affect the interest of his senior officer
in the fixation of his seniority in the high grade.
6. Explanation II: If a junior officer in a lower grade is promoted to a higher
grade by superseding a senior officer and subsequently that officer is also
promoted, the officer promoted first shall rank senior to the officer
promoted subsequently.
10. Liability to transfer and serve.----Members of the service shall be liable
to: -
(a) transfer anywhere in the Punjab;
(b) serve in any department of the Government or any local authority or
statutory body set up or established by the Government; and
(c) serve anywhere in Pakistan under the Federal Government.
11. General Rules.----In all matters not expressly provided for in these rules,
members of the service shall be governed by such rules as have been or
may hereafter be prescribed by Government and made applicable to them.
12. The Chief Minister may, on the recommendations of the High Court, for
reasons to be recorded in writing, relax any of the rules in any individual
case of hardship, to the extent prescribed by him.
13. Repeal.----The West Pakistan Civil Service (Judicial Branch) Rules, 1962
except the syllabus attached thereto and those framed through
notification No.CL-14-2/76 dated 28th September, 1977 are hereby
repealed.
…………………………
7. APPENDIX – ‘A’
SUBJECTS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION
(CIVIL JUDGES-CUM-MAGISTRATES)
1. The written examination shall include eight compulsory subjects. A
candidate shall take all eight compulsory subjects. There are no optional
subjects.
2. A candidate shall answer the papers in English except the paper at
Sr.No.2 unless otherwise directed.
3. Time allowed for each subjective paper shall be three hours and MCQ type
paper shall be of two hours.
4. The subjects and maximum marks allocated to each subject shall be as
shown below:-
Sr.No. Subjects Marks
1 English including Essay 100
2. Urdu including Essay 100
3. Islamic Studies, Pakistan Studies &
General Knowledge (Objective)
100
4. Civil Law-I (Subjective) 150
5. Civil Law-II (Subjective) 150
6. Criminal Law (Subjective) 150
7. General Law (Subjective) 150
Total 900
8. Viva Voce including Psychological Test 200
GRAND TOTAL 1100