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THEORIES OF MINERALISATION
MINERALISATION
 Process by which minerals are deposited
in the organic matrix, which is capable of
accepting minerals
 Synthetic cells + Alkaline phosphatase =
mineralisation
 Inorganic portion – calcium hydroxyapatite
crystals –
Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH)2
NUCLEATION
 First Aggregation of ions to form crystals
Nucleation
Homogenous Heterogenous
THEORIES
Booster theory or Robinson’s
Alkaline phosphatase theory
Collagen seeding theory
Matrix vesicle theory
Booster theory /
Robinson’s Alkaline phosphatase
theory
Alkaline
phosphatase
(oragnic matrix)
Hydrolyses
organic
phosphates
(Pyrophsphates)
–
Plasma &
Calcifying tissue
Release
phosphate ions
Increase in
phosphate ions
Precipitation
Phosphate ions +
Calcium ions
Hydroxyapatite
crystals
Collagen seeding theory
 Nucleating substance Collagen [Seed] – Template
Calcium
Binds to
Proteoglycans
between Collagen
molecules
Proteoglycans
removed by
enzyme action
Phosphoproteins
get attached to
collagen
Alkaline
phospatase break
down
phosphoproteins
Phosphate ions
released
Phosphate ions +
Calcium ions
Hydroxyapatite
crystals at the
gap zone of
collagen
Matrix vesicle theory
 Matrix vesicle – organelles of cellular origin [matrix of
cartilage, bone, other hard tissues] – bud off from synthetic
cells
Matrix vesicle
ATPase,
Alkaline
phosphatase,
& Pyrophosphatase
+
Ca2+ ions bound to
phospholipids
Alkaline phosphatase
hydrolyse organic
phosphates to
phosphate ions
Phosphate ions bind
to calcium
Apatite crystals
formed
[1st crystal formed]
Crystal grows inside
vesicle by addition of
ions
Matrix vesicle rupture
Crystals released into
organic matrix
Crystal grow by using
ions in tissue fluid

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Theories of Mineralisation

  • 2. MINERALISATION  Process by which minerals are deposited in the organic matrix, which is capable of accepting minerals  Synthetic cells + Alkaline phosphatase = mineralisation  Inorganic portion – calcium hydroxyapatite crystals – Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH)2
  • 3. NUCLEATION  First Aggregation of ions to form crystals Nucleation Homogenous Heterogenous
  • 4. THEORIES Booster theory or Robinson’s Alkaline phosphatase theory Collagen seeding theory Matrix vesicle theory
  • 5. Booster theory / Robinson’s Alkaline phosphatase theory Alkaline phosphatase (oragnic matrix) Hydrolyses organic phosphates (Pyrophsphates) – Plasma & Calcifying tissue Release phosphate ions Increase in phosphate ions Precipitation Phosphate ions + Calcium ions Hydroxyapatite crystals
  • 6. Collagen seeding theory  Nucleating substance Collagen [Seed] – Template Calcium Binds to Proteoglycans between Collagen molecules Proteoglycans removed by enzyme action Phosphoproteins get attached to collagen Alkaline phospatase break down phosphoproteins Phosphate ions released Phosphate ions + Calcium ions Hydroxyapatite crystals at the gap zone of collagen
  • 7. Matrix vesicle theory  Matrix vesicle – organelles of cellular origin [matrix of cartilage, bone, other hard tissues] – bud off from synthetic cells Matrix vesicle ATPase, Alkaline phosphatase, & Pyrophosphatase + Ca2+ ions bound to phospholipids Alkaline phosphatase hydrolyse organic phosphates to phosphate ions Phosphate ions bind to calcium Apatite crystals formed [1st crystal formed] Crystal grows inside vesicle by addition of ions Matrix vesicle rupture Crystals released into organic matrix Crystal grow by using ions in tissue fluid