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The various Industrial Revolutions .pptx
These slides contain information about the Industrial revolution.
The various Industrial Revolutions .pptx
- 1. The Industial Revolution T H EO R I G I N .
- 2. Introduction • Period: 1750– 1850 (began in Britain, spread to Europe & USA) • Shift: agriculture & handicrafts → industry & machine power • Marked the rise of factory systems, urban centers, and mechanized labor • Considered one of the most important transformations in human history
- 3. Causes of theIndustrial Revolution • Agricultural Revolution: new farming tools (seed drill, crop rotation) boosted food supply → population growth • Natural resources: Britain had coal, iron, water power for industries • Innovation & Science: curiosity and Enlightenment thinking encouraged inventions • Capital & Trade: wealthy merchants invested profits from colonies and trade into factories • Stable Government: Britain’s political stability allowed economic expansion
- 4. Key Inventions & Technologies SteamEngine (James Watt, 1769) → powered machines, trains, and ships Textile Machinery: Spinning Jenny (Hargreaves) spun → many threads at once Power Loom (Cartwright) faster → weaving Iron & Steel Advances: stronger machines, tools, bridges, and railroads Transport Revolution: canals, railways, steamships lowered transport costs & expanded markets
- 5. Impact on Industry& Economy • Factory System: centralized workplaces with machines, workers, and schedules • Mass Production: faster, cheaper goods → more consumer markets • Boom in Key Industries: textiles, coal mining, steel, shipbuilding • Capitalism Strengthened: entrepreneurs & investors grew wealthy • Global Trade: Britain became the “workshop of the world”
- 6. Impact on Society •Urbanization: millions moved to industrial cities (Manchester, Birmingham) • Working Conditions: 12–16 hour shifts, unsafe machinery, no rights • Child & Women Labor: cheap workforce, often exploited in factories and mines • Class Changes: • Rise of working class (proletariat) • Growth of middle class (factory owners, merchants, professionals) • Social Mobility: wealth no longer tied only to land ownership
- 7. Environmental Impact • AirPollution: smoke from coal-powered factories darkened skies • Water Pollution: chemicals & waste dumped into rivers • Deforestation: demand for timber and farmland reduced forests • Mining Damage: landscapes scarred by coal and iron extraction • Early signs of climate change from industrial emissions
- 8. Positive Outcomes Technological Progress: innovations in machinery, medicine,and science 01 Improved Transportation: railways, steamships connected regions & countries 02 Communication: telegraph allowed faster information sharing 03 Cheaper Goods: clothing, tools, and food became more accessible 04 Long-Term Growth: eventually improved wages, education, and health 05
- 9. Negative Outcomes Exploitation of Workers:long hours, unsafe conditions, low pay 01 Child Labor: children as young as 6 worked in mines & factories 02 Urban Problems: overcrowding, poor housing, spread of disease 03 Inequality: gap widened between wealthy industrialists & poor laborers 04
- 10. Conclusion • The IndustrialRevolution was a turning point in world history • Brought innovation, economic growth, and modern industry • Also caused poverty, inequality, and environmental destruction • Its legacy continues today: our modern technologies, urbanization, and even environmental issues trace back to this period
- 11. The 2nd IndustrialRevolution • Period: Late 19th – Early 20th Century • Rise of electricity, steel, and chemical industries • Key inventions: telephone, light bulb, internal combustion engine • Rapid urbanisation and expansion of railways and global trade • Factories adopt assembly line production → faster, cheaper goods
- 12. Human Impact ofthe 2nd Industrial Revolution • Cities grow → people migrate for industrial jobs • Spread of public education to prepare a skilled workforce • With these new technologies came profound social change. People moved into cities to work in factories, while public education spread to equip workers with new skills. Libraries became more than book collections—they were centres of knowledge for a society hungry to understand science, technology, and the modern world. Information could now travel quickly through newspapers, telegraphs, and printed books, laying the foundation for a culture that valued literacy and learning as keys to progress (Hobijn, 2014). .
- 13. The 3rd IndustrialRevolution – The Digital Revolution • Period: Mid-20th Century • Breakthroughs in computers, electronics, telecommunications • Invention of microchips, satellites, and early internet • Rise of nuclear energy and automation in industries • Technology begins to integrate into daily life
- 14. Human Impact ofthe Digital Revolution Shift from industrial economy knowledge economy → Information becomes a key resource for growth This digital wave changed not only how people worked but also how they thought about knowledge itself. Information became a powerful resource, as valuable as raw materials. Libraries were no longer silent halls of books alone, they evolved into information and media centres. Digital catalogues replaced card indexes, and schools began experimenting with computers in classrooms. Students entered a world where knowledge was stored not only on paper but also on screens, bridging the way for future generations to thrive in a connected, information-rich society (Naboni, 2014).
- 15. The 4th IndustrialRevolution – A Blended World • Period: 21st Century (present) • Driven by AI, robotics, IoT, big data, biotechnology • Integration of physical, digital, and biological systems • Everyday objects connected → Internet of Things • Rapid innovation – decades of change now happen in years .
- 16. Human Impact ofthe 4th Industrial Revolution • Challenge: adapting to fast-changing technology • School libraries (SLICs) evolve into digital learning hubs • School libraries and information centres (SLICs) are at the heart of this transformation. They are no longer quiet storehouses but vibrant digital learning hubs. Librarians are guides, helping students navigate oceans of information with critical thinking and digital literacy skills. E-books, online databases, and even virtual or augmented reality are now part of the learning journey. More than ever, the human role is to balance technology with values, ensuring that innovation serves education, creativity, and human growth (Sorooshian, 2020).
- 17. REFERENCES a) Ashton, T.S.,1997. The industrial revolution 1760-1830. Oxford University Press. b) Clark, G., 2014. The industrial revolution. In Handbook of economic growth (Vol. 2, pp. 217-262). Elsevier. c) Hobijn, B. and Kaplan, R.S., 2024. Occupational Switching During the 2nd Industrial Revolution. Available at SSRN 4717060. d) Naboni, R. and Paoletti, I., 2014. The third industrial revolution. In Advanced customization in architectural design and construction (pp. 7-27). Cham: Springer International Publishing. e) Skilton, M. and Hovsepian, F., 2018. The 4th industrial revolution. Springer Nature. f) Sorooshian, S. and PANIGRAHI, S., 2020. Impacts of the 4th Industrial Revolution on Industries. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST), 17(8), pp.903-915.