The Ring programming language version 1.5.4 book - Part 182 of 185

1. CHAPTER
NINETYEIGHT
RESOURCES
In this section you will find resources about the language
98.1 Ring Language Website
For news about the language check the website
http://ring-lang.net
http://ring-lang.sf.net
98.2 Ring Group
For questions use the Ring Group (English)
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ring-lang
98.3 Contact the Authors
Name : Eng. Mahmoud Samir Fayed
Country : Egypt
Email : msfclipper@yahoo.com
Facebook : https://facebook.com/mahmoudfayed1986
LinkedIn : https://sa.linkedin.com/in/mahmoudfayed1986
Name : Dr. Atif M. Alamri
Country : Saudi Arabia
Email : atif@ksu.edu.sa
LinkedIn : https://sa.linkedin.com/in/dr-atif-alamri-8b341747
Ring Team : http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/team.html
1785

2. INDEX
3D Cube and Texture
Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graph-
ics, 550
Access List Items by String Index
Lists, 195
Access Objects Using Braces
Object Oriented Programming, 272
Access String Letters
Strings, 197
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside class
methods
Scope Rules, 697
Add Items
Lists, 189
addattribute()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 299
AddDays()
Date and Time, 205
Adding code to the generated code
Code Generator, 782
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel
Desktop and Mobile Development, 601
addmethod()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 299
Analog Clock
Applications developed in little hours, 6
Animate Class
Game Engine for 2D Games, 453
Animate Events
Game Engine for 2D Games, 464
Animation
Game Engine for 2D Games, 458
Animation and Functions
Game Engine for 2D Games, 459
Anonymous and Nested Functions
Functional Programming, 285
Application Class
Web Development (CGI Library), 416
Applications
How to contribute?, 129
Applications developed in little hours
Analog Clock, 6
Calculator Application, 10
FetchStockData Application, 3
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2, 4
Google API Shortener Application, 5
Innovative, 19
Introduction, 1
Practical, 20
Quotes about Ring, 1
Samples in this book, 13
Squares Puzzle Game, 8
TicTacToe Game, 7
Video-Music-Player Application, 9
Werdy Application, 12
Windows StartUp Manager Application, 11
apppath()
Stdlib Functions, 306
Arithmetic Operators
Operators, 156
Ascii()
Data Type, 213
Assert()
Eval() and Debugging, 239
Assignment Operators
Operators, 157
attributes()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 296
Better Call Command
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109
Better Code Generator for Extensions
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 119
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 60
Better Documentation
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 119
Better Documentation Generator for Extensions
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 61
Better Functions
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
Better Loop|Exit Command
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 100
Better Natural Language Programming Support
What is new in Ring 1.1?, 111
Better Objects Library
1786

3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 47
Better Quality
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 69
Better Ring Notepad
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 96
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 38
Better RingQt
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 92
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 87
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 45
Better StdLib
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 100
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 85
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 41
Better WebLib
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 85
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 42
binarydigits()
Stdlib Functions, 315
Bitwise Operators
Operators, 156
BraceError() Method
Natural Language Programming, 358
BraceExprEval Method
Natural Language Programming, 357
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods
Natural Language Programming, 356
Branching
Control Structures, 159
Control Structures - Second Style, 166
Control Structures - Third Style, 169
BreakPoint
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 762
Building From Source Code
Building using CMake, 127
Building using Fedora Linux, 124
Building using MacOS X, 125
Building using Microsoft Windows, 121
Building using Ubuntu Linux, 122
Introduction, 120
Building Games For Android
Building the project, 500
Download Requirements and Update the Android
SDK, 499
Introduction, 498
Project Folder, 499
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile
Comments about developing for Android using
RingQt, 676
Download Requirements, 675
Install Qt for Android, 675
Introduction, 674
Update the Android SDK, 675
Building the project
Building Games For Android, 500
Building using CMake
Building From Source Code, 127
Building using Fedora Linux
Building From Source Code, 124
Building using MacOS X
Building From Source Code, 125
Building using Microsoft Windows
Building From Source Code, 121
Building using Ubuntu Linux
Building From Source Code, 122
Calculator Application
Applications developed in little hours, 10
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 37
Call Functions
Functions - First Style, 176
Functions - Second Style, 180
Functions - Third Style, 184
callgc()
Low Level Functions, 740
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the
current class
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 708
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1765
Can Ring work on Windows XP?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1767
capitalized()
Stdlib Functions, 309
cfunctions()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 289
CGI Support
Command Line Options, 738
Change Focus
Desktop and Mobile Development, 636
Change Language Keywords
Syntax Flexibility, 710
Change Language Operators
Syntax Flexibility, 711
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’
Natural Language Programming, 354
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’
Natural Language Programming, 352
Change the Ring Operator ’+’
Natural Language Programming, 353
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from RingVM
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 80
changestring()
Stdlib Functions, 318
Char()
Index 1787

4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Data Type, 213
ChDir() Function
System Functions, 235
Check Character
Data Type, 208
Check Data Type
Data Type, 207
Check Parameters Count
Extension, 769
Check Parameters Type
Extension, 770
Classes and Objects
Object Oriented Programming, 270
Classes and their Methods to use the default events
Desktop and Mobile Development, 666
classes()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 293
classname()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 295
Clean Natural Code
Natural Language Programming, 359
Clearerr()
Files, 225
clock()
Date and Time, 203
Close Window Event
RingLibSDL, 445
ClosPerSecond()
Date and Time, 203
Code Generator
Adding code to the generated code, 782
Comments in configuration file, 784
Configuration file, 780
Configuration file for the Allegro library, 785
Configuration Files Examples, 798
Constants Type, 785
Defining Constants, 783
Determine Structure Members Types, 783
Enum and Numbers, 784
Executing code during code generation, 784
Filtering using Expressions, 784
function prototype, 780
Introduction, 779
Prefix for Functions Names, 782
Qt configuration file, 789
Register New Functions, 783
Threads Support, 787
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library, 789
Using the tool, 780
Wrap structures, 782
Wrapping C++ Classes, 788
CodeEditor Class
RingQt Classes Reference, 1704
Command Line Options
CGI Support, 738
Generate Object File, 739
Introduction, 724
No Run, 738
Performance, 738
Printing Final Intermediate Code, 733
Printing Instruction Operation Code, 738
Printing Intermediate Code, 731
Printing Rules, 727
Printing Tokens, 725
Comments about developing for Android using RingQt
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 676
Comments about evaluation
Control Structures - First Style, 164
Comments in configuration file
Code Generator, 784
Compact Syntax
Language Design, 29
Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM)
How to contribute?, 129
Compiler Errors
Reference, 1774
Composition
Object Oriented Programming, 273
Configuration file
Code Generator, 780
Configuration file for the Allegro library
Code Generator, 785
Configuration Files Examples
Code Generator, 798
Configure the Apache web server
Web Development (CGI Library), 368
Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Variables
Scope Rules, 694
Conflict between Global Variables and Class Attributes
Frequently Asked Questions, 1753
Scope Rules, 693
Conflict between self inside braces and self in the class
region
Scope Rules, 700
Constants Type
Code Generator, 785
Constructor methods in Ring
Frequently Asked Questions, 1749
Contact the Autor
Resources, 1785
Context Menu
Desktop and Mobile Development, 583
Control Structures
Branching, 159
Looping, 170
Control Structures - First Style
Comments about evaluation, 164
Do Again Loop, 162
Index 1788

5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Exit, 162
Exit from two loops, 162
Exit/Loop inside sub functions, 163
For In Loop, 161
for in to modify lists, 161
For Loop, 160
Introduction, 158
Loop Command, 163
Looping, 160
Short-circuit evaluation, 163
Step Option, 161
Switch Statement, 159
While Loop, 160
Control Structures - Second Style
Branching, 166
Exceptions, 168
For In Loop, 168
For Loop, 167
If Statement, 166
Introduction, 165
Looping, 167
Switch Statement, 166
Control Structures - Third Style
Branching, 169
Exceptions, 172
For In Loop, 172
For Loop, 171
If Statement, 169
Introduction, 168
Switch Statement, 169
While Loop, 170
Conversion
Data Type, 212
Conversion Class
Stdlib Classes, 339
Convert between Numbers and Bytes
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 84
Convert Letters Case
Strings, 197
Cookies
Web Development (CGI Library), 380
Copy Lists
Lists, 193
Copy()
Strings, 199
Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() function?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1756
Create Database
MySQL Functions, 254
Create Lists
Lists, 189
Create Table and Insert Data
MySQL Functions, 255
Create Window
RingLibSDL, 442
Create Zip File
RingZip, 426
Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applications
Scope Rules, 699
Creating Menubar
Desktop and Mobile Development, 580
Creating more than one window
Desktop and Mobile Development, 619
Creating Reports using the WebLib and the GUILib
Desktop and Mobile Development, 671
Creating StatusBar
Desktop and Mobile Development, 585
Creating the Game Window
Game Engine for 2D Games, 453
Creating Toolbar
Desktop and Mobile Development, 584
Creating Windows Installer
Distributing Ring Application, 723
CRUD Example using MVC
Web Development (CGI Library), 402
CurrentDir() Function
System Functions, 235
Data Type
Ascii(), 213
Char(), 213
Check Character, 208
Check Data Type, 207
Conversion, 212
Dec(), 213
Hex(), 213
Hex2str(), 214
Introduction, 206
IsAlNum(), 209
IsAlpha(), 209
IsCntrl(), 209
IsDigit(), 210
IsGraph(), 210
IsList(), 208
IsLower(), 210
IsNULL(), 208
IsNumber(), 207
IsPrint(), 210
IsPunct(), 211
IsSpace(), 211
IsString(), 207
IsUpper(), 211
IsXdigit(), 211
Number(), 212
Str2Hex(), 214
String(), 212
Type(), 208
Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes
Index 1789

6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Web Development (CGI Library), 410
DataType Class
Stdlib Classes, 338
Date and Time
AddDays(), 205
clock(), 203
ClosPerSecond(), 203
Date(), 203
DiffDays(), 205
EpochTime(), 205
Introduction, 202
Time(), 203
TimeList(), 204
Date()
Date and Time, 203
DateTime Class
Stdlib Classes, 333
dayofweek()
Stdlib Functions, 316
Debug Class
Stdlib Classes, 337
Dec()
Data Type, 213
Decimals()
Mathematical Functions, 218
Declarative Programming
Declarative programming on the top of Object-
Oriented, 348
executing code after the end of object access, 348
Introduction, 344
More Beatiful Code, 349
Objects inside lists, 345
Return object by reference, 346
Declarative programming on the top of Object-Oriented
Declarative Programming, 348
Declare parameters
Functions - First Style, 177
Functions - Second Style, 181
Functions - Third Style, 185
Decrypt()
Security and Internet Functions, 268
Deep Copy
Variables, 154
Define Declarative Languages
Language Design, 32
Define Functions
Functions - First Style, 176
Functions - Second Style, 180
Functions - Third Style, 184
Define Natural Statements
Language Design, 30
Defining Commands
Using the Natural Library, 363
Defining commands using classes
Using the Natural Library, 366
Defining Constants
Code Generator, 783
Defining Variables and Variables Access
Scope Rules, 691
Delete Item From List
Lists, 190
Demo Programs
Introduction, 239
Language Shell, 240
Main Menu, 240
The Cards Game, 660
Designed for a clear goal
Language Design, 27
Desktop and Mobile Development
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel, 601
Change Focus, 636
Classes and their Methods to use the default events,
666
Context Menu, 583
Creating Menubar, 580
Creating more than one window, 619
Creating Reports using the WebLib and the GUILib,
671
Creating StatusBar, 585
Creating Toolbar, 584
Dialog Functions, 626
Display Image using QLabel, 605
Display Scaled Image using QLabel, 614
Drawing using QPainter, 616
Dynamic Objects, 640
Inheritance from GUI Classes, 632
KeyPress and Mouse Move Events, 626
Menubar and StyleSheet Example, 606
Methods to use Events with Events Filter, 669
Movable Label Example, 622
Moving Objects using the Mouse, 628
New Classes names - Index Start from 1, 671
Notepad Application, 645
Other Widgets Events, 610
Playing Sound, 620
Printing using QPrinter, 618
QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox, 608
QMessagebox Example, 623
QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer, 602
Regular Expressions, 637
RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation, 671
Rotate Text, 634
Simple Client and Server Example, 638
The Cards Game, 660
The Difference between Qt and RingQt, 670
The First GUI Application, 570
Using Layout, 571
Using QCheckBox, 598
Index 1790

7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Using QComboBox Class, 579
Using QDateEdit, 593
Using QDesktopWidget Class, 633
Using QDial, 594
Using QDockWidget, 586
Using QFrame, 603
Using QInputDialog Class, 624
Using qLCDNumber, 621
Using QProgressBar, 590
Using QProgressBar and Timer, 613
Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup, 599
Using QSlider, 591
Using QSpinBox, 591
Using QTableWidget, 589
Using QTabWidget, 587
Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel, 577
Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem, 578
Using QWebView, 597
Using the QColorDialog Class, 620
Using the QFileDialog Class, 615
Using the QListWidget Class, 574
Using the QTextEdit Class, 573
Using the QTimer Class, 612
Weight History Application, 641
Determine Structure Members Types
Code Generator, 783
Dialog Functions
Desktop and Mobile Development, 626
DiffDays()
Date and Time, 205
Dir()
Files, 221
direxists()
Stdlib Functions, 318
Disable BreakPoints
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 762
Display Error Message
Extension, 770
Display Image
RingLibSDL, 442
Display Image using QLabel
Desktop and Mobile Development, 605
Display PNG Images
RingLibSDL, 443
Display Scaled Image using QLabel
Desktop and Mobile Development, 614
Display Transparent Images
RingLibSDL, 444
Display Warnings Option
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109
Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile
Distributing Ring Application, 724
Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows
Distributing Ring Application, 723
Distributing Ring Application
Creating Windows Installer, 723
Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile,
724
Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows,
723
Introduction, 722
Protecting the Source Code, 723
Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker, 724
Do Again Loop
Control Structures - First Style, 162
Documentation
How to contribute?, 128
Download Requirements
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 675
Download Requirements and Update the Android SDK
Building Games For Android, 499
Download()
Security and Internet Functions, 269
Draw Rectangle
RingLibSDL, 443
Drawing Text
Game Engine for 2D Games, 454
Drawing using QPainter
Desktop and Mobile Development, 616
Drawing using RingOpenGL
Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Graphics, 504
Drawing, Animation and Input
Graphics and Game Programming, 429
Dynamic Attributes
Object Oriented Programming, 277
Dynamic Objects
Desktop and Mobile Development, 640
Dynamic Typing
Variables, 154
Editors Support
How to contribute?, 129
Embedding Ring in Ring
Embedding Ring in Ring, 764
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State,
765
Serial Execution of Programs, 765
Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State
Embedding Ring in Ring, 765
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 102
Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs
Introduction, 776
Ring State, 777
Ring State Functions, 777
Ring State Variables, 778
Encourage Organization
Language Design, 29
Index 1791

8. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Encrypt()
Security and Internet Functions, 267
endswith()
Stdlib Functions, 312
Entering Items
Form Designer, 689
Enum and Numbers
Code Generator, 784
Environment Errors
Reference, 1776
EpochTime()
Date and Time, 205
Stdlib Functions, 320
Equality of functions
Functional Programming, 286
Eval()
Eval() and Debugging, 237
Eval() and Debugging
Assert(), 239
Eval(), 237
Introduction, 236
Raise(), 238
Try/Carch/Done, 237
evenorodd()
Stdlib Functions, 314
Events Code
Form Designer, 685
Example
Files, 227
Mathematical Functions, 215
Natural Language Programming, 351
Objects Library for RingQt Application, 678
Security and Internet Functions, 268
System Functions, 232
The Type Hints Library, 720
Example - The Trace Library
Low Level Functions, 756
Example - Using the Trace Functions
Low Level Functions, 752
Example about Sharing Names between Functions and
Methods
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 706
Exceptions
Control Structures - Second Style, 168
Control Structures - Third Style, 172
Execute Program Line by Line
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 761
Execute Query and Print Result
ODBC Functions, 248
executing code after the end of object access
Declarative Programming, 348
Executing code during code generation
Code Generator, 784
ExeFileName() Function
System Functions, 235
ExeFolder() Function
System Functions, 235
Exit
Control Structures - First Style, 162
Exit from two loops
Control Structures - First Style, 162
Exit/Loop inside sub functions
Control Structures - First Style, 163
Extension
Check Parameters Count, 769
Check Parameters Type, 770
Display Error Message, 770
Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation, 771
Function Prototype, 771
Function Structure, 769
Get Parameters Values, 770
Introduction, 766
Module Organization, 768
MySQL_Columns() Implementation, 774
Return Value, 770
RING API - list Functions, 772
RING API - String Functions, 774
ring_ext.c, 767
ring_ext.h, 767
Shared Libraries, 775
Sin() Implementation, 771
Extensions in C/C++
How to contribute?, 129
Extract Zip File
RingZip, 426
Facebook Login
RingLibCurl, 422
factorial()
Stdlib Functions, 310
factors()
Stdlib Functions, 314
Fclose()
Files, 222
Features
Introduction, 23
Feof()
Files, 225
Ferror()
Files, 225
FetchStockData Application
Applications developed in little hours, 3
Fexists()
Files, 227
Fflush()
Files, 223
Fgetc()
Files, 226
Index 1792

9. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Fgetpos()
Files, 225
Fgets()
Files, 226
fibonacci()
Stdlib Functions, 311
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2
Applications developed in little hours, 4
File Class
Stdlib Classes, 335
File Hash
Security and Internet Functions, 268
file2list()
Stdlib Functions, 312
Files
Clearerr(), 225
Dir(), 221
Example, 227
Fclose(), 222
Feof(), 225
Ferror(), 225
Fexists(), 227
Fflush(), 223
Fgetc(), 226
Fgetpos(), 225
Fgets(), 226
Fopen(), 222
Fputc(), 226
Fputs(), 226
Fread(), 227
Freopen(), 223
Fseek(), 224
Fsetpos(), 225
Ftell(), 224
Fwrite(), 227
Introduction, 219
Numbers and Bytes, 229
Perror(), 225
Read File using Read(), 221
Remove(), 222
Rename(), 222
Rewind(), 224
Tempfile(), 224
Tempname(), 224
Ungetc(), 226
Write file using Write(), 221
filter()
Stdlib Functions, 308
Filtering using Expressions
Code Generator, 784
Find SubString
Strings, 200
Find() and List of Objects
Object Oriented Programming, 278
First-Class Functions
Functional Programming, 284
First-Class Lists
Lists, 194
Flappy Bird 3000 Game
Game Engine for 2D Games, 480
Fopen()
Files, 222
Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation
Extension, 771
For In Loop
Control Structures - First Style, 161
Control Structures - Second Style, 168
Control Structures - Third Style, 172
for in to modify lists
Control Structures - First Style, 161
For Loop
Control Structures - First Style, 160
Control Structures - Second Style, 167
Control Structures - Third Style, 171
Form Designer
Entering Items, 689
Events Code, 685
Introduction, 682
Keyboard Shortcuts, 688
Menubar Designer, 688
More Samples and Tests, 690
Running Forms, 685
The Designer Windows, 684
The Properties, 684
Using Layouts, 690
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 103
Window Flags, 689
Fputc()
Files, 226
Fputs()
Files, 226
Frames Per Second
Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Graphics, 537
Fread()
Files, 227
Freopen()
Files, 223
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?, 1765
Can Ring work on Windows XP?, 1767
Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
tributes, 1753
Constructor methods in Ring, 1749
Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() func-
tion?, 1756
Getter and Setter Methods, 1751
Goal of including the Main function in Ring, 1747
Index 1793

10. Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
How can I disable maximize button and resize win-
dow?, 1763
How to add Combobox and other elements to the
cells of a QTableWidget?, 1770
How to Close a window then displaying another
one?, 1762
How to create a Modal Window?, 1762
How to create an array of buttons in GUI applica-
tions?, 1761
How to extend RingQt and add more classes?, 1767
How to get the current source file path?, 1754
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() func-
tions?, 1754
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?,
1759
How to perform some manipulations on selected
cells in QTableWidget?, 1770
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?,
1755
How to print lists that contains objects?, 1759
How to print new lines and other characters?, 1760
How to use many source code files in the project?,
1756
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?, 1758
How to use SQLite using ODBC?, 1764
Introduction, 1739
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?, 1742
List index start from 1, 1748
Philosophy behind data types in Ring, 1745
Search of global names while defining the class at-
tributes, 1752
The documentation says functional programming is
supported, but then this happens?, 1744
What about predefined parameters or optional pa-
rameters in functions?, 1754
What about the Boolean values in Ring?, 1746
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or
Java?, 1744
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or
Smalltalk?, 1741
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C
or C++?, 1742
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python
and Ruby?, 1743
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and
Lua?, 1743
What happens when we create a new object?, 1750
What is the difference between Ring and Python?
And is Ring Open Source?, 1742
Where can I write a program and execute it?, 1753
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Lan-
guage (YAPL)?, 1740
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with
lists?, 1755
Why I get Calling Function without definition Er-
ror?, 1766
Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?, 1742
Why Ring is not case-sensitive, 1748
Why Ring is weakly typed?, 1741
Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Key-
words?, 1745
Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods
directly?, 1766
Why the ability to define your own languages Instead
of just handing over the syntax so you can parse
it using whatever code you like?, 1744
Why the Assignment operator uses Deep copy?,
1749
Why the window title bar is going outside the
screen?, 1760
Why this example use the GetChar() twice?, 1757
Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?,
1760
Why you can specify the number of loops you want
to break out of?, 1745
Fseek()
Files, 224
Fsetpos()
Files, 225
FSize()
Stdlib Functions, 319
Ftell()
Files, 224
Function Prototype
Extension, 771
function prototype
Code Generator, 780
Function Structure
Extension, 769
Functional Programming
Anonymous and Nested Functions, 285
Equality of functions, 286
First-Class Functions, 284
Higher-order Functions, 284
Introduction, 282
Pure Functions, 283
Functions - First Style
Call Functions, 176
Declare parameters, 177
Define Functions, 176
Introduction, 175
Main Function, 177
Recursion, 179
Return Value, 178
Send Parameters, 177
Variables Scope, 178
Functions - Second Style
Call Functions, 180
Index 1794