The Relationship Between Sexual Abuse And Addiction
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This document summarizes 10 studies that examine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and later substance abuse. Across the studies, several common findings emerged: childhood sexual abuse was associated with earlier initiation and more frequent substance use, particularly of alcohol and drugs; substance use partially mediated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and later health issues like HIV risk behaviors; and experiences of childhood sexual abuse along with other childhood trauma were correlated with higher rates of substance abuse disorders. The studies highlighted the need for larger and more diverse sample sizes in future research.
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Psychology and Hunum Behavior, Alpert Medical School. Bron-n University,' Departntent of
Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brmcn University
Alcohol and nutrijuana use are thought to increase sexual risk taking, but event-level studies conflict in their findings and often depend on reports fro,tn a Iüniled ntunber ofpeople or on a lhniled nunlber of sexual events per person. Wilh event-level data fronj 1,856 sexual intercourse events provided bv 297 college Ji•onwn (M age 18 years; 71 0/0 JVhite), used nutltilevel modeling to exaniine associations beneeen alcohol and nmrijuanu use and condoni use as "'ell as interaction,f involving sexual partner type and alcohol-sexual risk expectancies. Controlling jor alternative contraception use, partner type, regular levels of substance use. bnpulsh'ity and sensation seeking, and demographics, tronten bl•ere no n:ore or less likely 10 use condonas• during events involving drinking or heavy episodic drinking than during those "'ithout drinking. Hcns•ever- fir drinking events, there n•as• a negative association between ntunber ofdrinks consanned and condoni use: in additiom tvonren "'ith stronger alcohol-sexual risk expectancies n•ere nutrginally less likely to use condun.f U'hen drinking, Although there no ntain eff&cl of marijuana use on condoni use. these data suggest njarijuana use trith established rontanlic partners 'nay increase risk ofunprotectedsex. Intervention efforts should target expectancies and enzphasi:e the dose-response relationship of drinks to condoni use.
CAREY, AND CAREY
EVENT-LEVEL SUBSTANCE USE AND CONDOM USE
146
Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 account for 500/0 of all new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections (Wilson, Wright, Safrit, & Rudy, 2010) and are also at elevated risk for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC], 2009), Condom use is an important method for reducing the risk of STIs as well as unplanned pregnancy (CDC. 2010). However, most
This research was supported by grant awarded to Michael P, Carey from the National Institutes on Alc ...
HIV
The document summarizes an analysis of a sexual risk reduction (HIV/AIDS) intervention program for African American women led by Ralph DiClemente. The randomized controlled trial aimed to increase consistent condom use through skills training based on social cognitive theory and the theory of gender and power. Results found women in the intervention had 2.1-4.1 higher odds of consistent condom use and improved communication compared to the control group. However, the study had limitations like not measuring long-term condom use and a p-value above 0.05, indicating no significant association between treatment and other factors.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docx
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docx
Copyright 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Association
Between State Same-Sex Marriage Policies and Adolescent
Suicide Attempts
Julia Raifman, ScD; Ellen Moscoe, MA; S. Bryn Austin, ScD; Margaret McConnell, PhD
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents between the
ages of 15 and 24 years. Adolescents who are sexual minorities experience elevated rates of
suicide attempts.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between state same-sex marriage policies and
adolescent suicide attempts.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used state-level Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) data from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, which are
weighted to be representative of each state that has participation in the survey greater than
60%. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in suicide attempts among all
public high school students before and after implementation of state policies in 32 states
permitting same-sex marriage with year-to-year changes in suicide attempts among high
school students in 15 states without policies permitting same-sex marriage. Linear regression
was used to control for state, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and year, with Taylor series linearized
standard errors clustered by state and classroom. In a secondary analysis among students
who are sexual minorities, we included an interaction between sexual minority identity and
living in a state that had implemented same-sex marriage policies.
INTERVENTIONS Implementation of state policies permitting same-sex marriage during the
full period of YRBSS data collection.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-report of 1 or more suicide attempts within the past 12
months.
RESULTS Among the 762 678 students (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [1.2] years; 366 063 males and
396 615 females) who participated in the YRBSS between 1999 and 2015, a weighted 8.6% of
all high school students and 28.5% of students who identified as sexual minorities reported
suicide attempts before implementation of same-sex marriage policies. Same-sex marriage
policies were associated with a 0.6–percentage point (95% CI, –1.2 to –0.01 percentage
points) reduction in suicide attempts, representing a 7% relative reduction in the proportion
of high school students attempting suicide owing to same-sex marriage implementation. The
association was concentrated among students who were sexual minorities.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE State same-sex marriage policies were associated with a
reduction in the proportion of high school students reporting suicide attempts, providing
empirical evidence for an association between same-sex marriage policies and mental health
outcomes.
JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(4):350-356. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.4529
Published online February 20, 2017. Last corrected on April 24, 2017.
Editorial page 322
Author Audio Interview
JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page
page 404
Supplemental cont.
Howard Hughes Research Day
This document summarizes a study on incarcerated women and HIV risk. It describes the sample of 11 women incarcerated in Pulaski State Prison who completed a baseline survey. The survey collected data on substance use, sexual behaviors, mental health, and demographics. Descriptive analysis was performed on the data. Most participants engaged in substance use from a young age, with over 50% using marijuana and 75% using alcohol. Participants also exhibited risky sexual behaviors and low socioeconomic status, with less than half using condoms or attending HIV/AIDS classes. The study aims to include a total of 200 participants.
FINAL FINAL Lindsey Horton Poster 2015
This study examined the relationship between experiences of adult sexual assault (ASA) severity and drinking motives in 869 female heavy episodic drinkers aged 21-35. The results showed that as ASA severity increased, women were more likely to drink to cope with problems, to be social, and to conform to others. However, ASA severity was not related to drinking for enhancement reasons. The study suggests targeting coping motives could help reduce alcohol use in women with histories of ASA.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORVolume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)Perpet.docx
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Volume 29, pages 366—380 (2003)
Perpetrators of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assaults: How Do They Differ From Other Sexual Assault Perpetrators and Nonperpetrators?Tina Zawacki, l Antonia Abbey, 1 Philip O. Buck, 1 Pamela McAusIan,2 and A. Monique Clinton-SherrodI
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
2University of Michigan—Dearbom, Dearborn, Michigan
Approximotely 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol. Researchers have documented situationul characteristics that distinguish between sexual assaults that do and do not involve alcohol, but little attention has been paid to differences bctwcen the perpetrators of these two types of assault. In this study, discriminant function analysis was used to distinguish between college men (N = 356) who reported perpetrating sexual assault that involved alcohol, sexual assault that did not involve alcohol, or no scxuul assault. Predictors of sexual assault perpetration thut have been documented in pust research differentiated nonperpctrators from both types of perpetrators. Pcrpctrators of scxuol assaults that involved alcohol were in most wuys similar to perpetrutors of sexual assautts that did not, although they did differ on impulsivity, alcohol consumption in sexual situations, and beliers about alcohol. These findings suggest mechanisms through which alcohol is involved in sexual assault thut are relevant to theory and prevention. Aggr. Behav. 29:366—380, 2003. 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Key words: sexual assault; alcohol; antisocial behavior
The problems of rape and sexual assault have been studied intensely for the past 30 years. Rape is typically defined as vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse that is physically forced or occurs when consent could not be given because of the victim's age or mental impairment, which may be due to intoxication [Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995; Koss, 19921. Sexual assault includes rape as well as other types of physically forced sexual contact and verbally
Tina Zawacki is now at the Department or Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Center. University of Washington.
A. Monique Clinton-Sherrod is no'.,v at RTl international. North Carolina.
Grant support: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to AA.
*Correspondence to: Tina Zawacki. Department of Psychology-ABRC. Box 351525, University of Washington. Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: [email protected] u.washington.edu or Antonia Abbey, Department or Community Medicine. Wayne State University. 4201 St. Antoine, Delroil. MI 48201.
Published online in Wiley Jnterscience (wuw.intcrscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.100>ab.10076
0 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
coerced sexual intercourse [Koss, 19921. In a watershed study, Koss et al. [19871 surveyed a nationally representative sample of approximately 6,000 college men and women and found thal 25% or the men reported perpetrating some level of sexual assault since the age or 14; 54% of the women reported experiencing some level of sexual assault since the agc of.
308 Presentation
The study examined reasons for the link between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual abuse perpetration in women. It found that female prisoners convicted of sexually abusing children reported more frequent CSA and longer abuse durations than other prisoners. While CSA was linked to borderline personality traits, these traits did not fully explain the relationship with later offending. The duration of CSA appeared to be a stronger predictor of later sex offending than CSA alone. The results provide insight into predictors of female sex offending and the importance of CSA duration.
308 Presentation
The study examined reasons for the link between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual abuse perpetration in women. It found that female prisoners convicted of sexually abusing children reported more frequent CSA and longer abuse durations than other prisoners. While CSA was linked to borderline personality traits, these traits did not distinguish between sexual offenders and other criminals. Duration of CSA, rather than just the occurrence, appeared to be a stronger predictor of later sexually offending. The results suggest exposure to prolonged CSA as a child may increase the likelihood that such relationships are viewed as normal and replicated later.
Substance Abuse Vs Suicidal risk report Final Draft 06_04_2015
1. This study examines the relationship between substance abuse and suicide risk among youth ages 14-24 in Philadelphia. It analyzes whether substance abuse scores and specific drugs (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, illicit drugs) predict suicide ideation and lifetime suicide scores.
2. The study uses a cross-sectional design and secondary data from behavioral health screens administered in emergency departments, primary care offices, schools and other locations. Logistic regression is used to calculate odds ratios for substance abuse variables predicting suicide history.
3. Preliminary results found that substance abuse scores and use of marijuana, alcohol, tobacco and other illicit drugs were all significant predictors of history of suicide in participants. Race also significantly predicted suicide history for those
Running head DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION1DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION.docx
Running head: DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 1
DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION 6
Drug Abuse and Addiction
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Public Safety Issue: Drug Abuse and Addiction
Public safety issue refers to any problem which threatens the wellbeing of people and prosperity of communities. A solution to such challenges is crucial in order to ensure that safety of people is protected and safeguarded. The issue of drug abuse and concern among school going teenagers has become a major problem in United States. According to a survey conducted by Monitoring the Future (MTF), on average, 29 percent of the school kids between grades 8, 10, and 12 were found to be using drugs. This has raised a major concern that requires the government to work closely with relevant public safety organizations in order to contain this issue.
Research Topic: The Importance of Introducing Drug Abuse Unit in The Curriculum of the American Education System
Overview
According to findings of Monitoring the Future survey released in 2018, there is a significant increase in number of school going youths engaging in drug abuse activities. Marijuana, opioid abuse, alcohol, synthetic drugs, tobacco, and nicotine are among the top drugs and substances abused by teenagers and school going kids. These statistics are alarming since they present one of the major challenge to the wellbeing and prosperity of the future generation. Many anti-drug abuse and addiction organizations such as National Institutes on Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) have been working relentlessly to curb this rising level of drug abuse and addiction among teenagers. Despite all the efforts by these organizations, their programs have failed to achieve any substantial success as far the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers is concerned. This research is aimed at exploring the relevant literature from books, peer-reviewed journals, publications, and other academic effort in the effort to present the dire need to integrate drug abuse into the curriculum of the American education system. The findings of the research will be a boost to the government and other public safety organizations in the fight against drug abuse and addiction among teenagers and school going youths.
Annotated Bibliography
Duncan, D. T., Palamar, J. J., & Williams, J. H. (2014). Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among US high school seniors. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 9(1), 35.
The paper explores the problem of marijuana use among the students in U.S. high schools. Notably, more than 45.5 percent of the respondents revealed that they have used marijuana once on their lifetime while the other 36.4 percent revealing that they have used marijuana in the last one year. Additionally, another 22.7 percent of the respondents noting that they have been consta ...
Axiom Proposal
The document is a public relations proposal prepared by Axiom Public Relations for the Bowling Green State University Community of Care Coalition. It includes an opportunity statement, situation analysis based on secondary and primary research, target audiences, goals and objectives, strategies and tactics, promotional materials and budget, and evaluation plan. The proposal aims to address issues of sexual assault on campus and establish communication where victims feel comfortable reporting, while promoting the Coalition and generating awareness of sexual assault as a community issue.
APhA Poster (final)
1) The study examined gender differences in marijuana use initiation and academic performance among US high school students using data from a 2009 national survey.
2) A larger percentage of male students reported initiating marijuana use before age 15 compared to females.
3) Male students who initiated marijuana use early were more likely to have unsatisfactory academic performance in the past year compared to females, with the risk being highest for males who initiated use before age 13.
Drug use patterns among participants in a woman-focused RCT in Georgia
The purpose of this poster presentation is to depict preliminary results from small-scale RCT IMEDI study and show the drug use patterns among women who use illicit substance and the rate of HIV infection.
Author info Correspondence should be sent to Paul Nicodemu.docx
Author info: Correspondence should be sent to: Paul Nicodemus, Department of
Psychology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044
North American Journal of Psychology, 2009, Vol. 11, No. 3, 455-462.
NAJP
The Effects of Maternal Relationships on
Physical and Psychological Dating Violence
Paul Nicodemus
Austin Peay State University
Patricia A. Davenport
Our House, Inc., Greenville, MS
Lynn E. McCutcheon
NAJP
Psychological and physical dating violence patterns were examined to
determine if maternal relationships affected dating violence patterns
differently for male and female adolescents. Participants consisted of 469
ninth grade students from various schools across the Mississippi Delta
region. Participants completed self-report evaluations regarding the
number of experienced and perpetrated violent acts with a dating partner.
A series of two-way ANOVAs were calculated to determine the influence
of maternal relationships on dating violence. These findings indicated
that maternal relationships do not significantly influence the physically
violent behaviors; however, significant interactions were found between
maternal relationships by gender, with males perpetrating greater
numbers of and being victimized more psychologically when the
relationship with the mother was negative. Female participants displayed
completely opposite patterns of psychological violence when
experiencing negative maternal relationships as compared to the males.
The issue of dating violence has received considerable research
attention over the past several years. The social problem created by
adolescents being both physically and psychologically violent toward a
dating partner, and the resulting victimization, is cause for serious
concern. Several factors have emerged from the extant research. First, it
is apparent that both physical and psychological abuse occurs regularly
among adolescents. Secondly, certain individual attributes increase the
likelihood of adolescents becoming abusive toward their dating partners.
Previous research has indicated that dating violence among
adolescents is a prevalent problem. James, West, Deters, and Armijo
(2000) reported that 50% of their adolescent participants perpetrated
physical violence in the form of scratching, pushing, shoving, and hitting
with fist. Yet other studies have indicated that as many as 40% of the
adolescent participants had perpetrated some form of physical violence
456 NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
against the dating partner (Malik, Sorenson, & Aneshensel, 1997;
O′Keefe, 1997; O′Keefe & Treister, 1998; O’Leary, Smith Slep, Avery-
Leaf, & Cascardi, 2008; Reuterman & Burcky, 1989). The exhibiting of
violent acts of a more serious nature is also apparent during the
adolescent years. In one such study, James et al. (2000) found that 20%
of the participants reported committing violent behaviors ...
Examination of Over-the-Counter Drug Misuse Among Youth1 Erin J. F.docx
Examination of Over-the-Counter Drug Misuse Among Youth1 Erin J. Farley and Daniel J. O’Connell
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Examination of Over-the-Counter Drug Misuse Among Youth by Erin J. Farley and Daniel J. O’Connell
Prepared by: Mary H. Maguire, California State University, Sacramento Article Kim Schnurbush, California State University,Sacramento
Examination of Over-the-Counter Drug Misuse Among Youth1 Erin J. Farley and Daniel J. O’Connell
Learning Outcomes
After reading this article, you will be able to:
• Discuss the factors that contribute to the prevalence of over- the-counter drug misuse by teens.
• Analyse the contribution of gender to over-the-counter drug misuse by teens.
• Discuss possible policy or practice efforts to decrease over- the-counter drug misuse by teens.
Introduction
Potential harm from the intentional misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines among youth has become an area of increased concern among medical practitioners and researchers (Bryner et al. 2006; Lessenger et al. 2008; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) 2006). Although the likelihood of death from overdose is rare, research has revealed an increase in dextromethorphan (a key ingredient in numerous cough and cold medicines) abuse cases reported to poison control centers (Bryner et al. 2006). Equally important is the suspicion that OTC use may be a stepping stone to other forms of drug misuse and abuse.
While OTC misuse has garnered increased media coverage, it has not yet attracted an equivalent interest among research- ers. Further, it is possible that research to date has inappropri- ately specified the relationship between OTC and other drug misuse. Extant research has examined the relationship between OTC misuse and illicit drug use by utilizing a single construct, limiting the ability to completely flesh out the dimensions of this relationship between drug use. One area that needs further attention is if and how OTC misuse among youth is associated with other types of drug use. By combining all categories of
drugs under a single construct, the nuances of how particular drugs relate to OTC use is diminished. This paper examines the current state of knowledge on OTC misuse by examining the prevalence of OTC misuse and its relationship with other types of drug use among a specific cohort to expand the current understanding of the problem.
Prevalence of OTC Misuse
OTC cough and cold medicines (e.g., Coricidin and Nyquil) can be easily purchased from pharmacies and drug stores. Adolescents typically ingest OTC medicines for the ingredi- ent dextromethorphan (DXM). DXM is a synthetic drug related to opiates, which has the ability to produce effects similar to psychotropic drugs (Bobo et al. 2004; SAMHSA 2006). These effects include sensory enhancement, perceptual distortion, and hallucinations. DXM can be found in as many as 140 differ- ent cold and cough medications (Bobo et al. 2004; SAMHSA 2008). Misuse o ...
Substance Use & Misuse, 46808–818, 2011Copyright C© 2011 In.docx
Substance Use & Misuse, 46:808–818, 2011
Copyright C© 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
ISSN: 1082-6084 print / 1532-2491 online
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.538460
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gender Differences in Substance Use, Consequences, Motivation to
Change, and Treatment Seeking in People With Serious Mental Illness
Amy Drapalski1, Melanie Bennett2 and Alan Bellack1,2
1VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System,
Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA
Gender differences in patterns and consequences of
substance use, treatment-seeking, and motivation to
change were examined in two samples of people with
serious mental illness (SMI) and comorbid substance
use disorders (SUDs): a community sample not cur-
rently seeking substance abuse treatment (N = 175)
and a treatment-seeking sample (N = 137). In both
groups, women and men demonstrated more similar-
ities in the pattern and severity of their substance use
than differences. However, treatment-seeking women
showed greater readiness to change their substance
use. Mental health problems and traumatic experi-
ences may prompt people with SMI and SUD to enter
substance abuse treatment, regardless of gender.
Keywords dual diagnosis, serious mental illness, gender
differences, motivation to change, treatment-seeking
INTRODUCTION
Substance use disorders (SUDs) among people with se-
rious mental illness (SMI) are widespread and harmful.
Depending on the psychiatric diagnosis, rates of lifetime
drug and alcohol use disorders in people with SMI gen-
erally top between 30% and 45% (Reiger et al., 1990;
Winoker et al., 1998). Despite the high prevalence, rela-
tively little is known about differences in substance use
and its consequences among subgroups of people with
SMI, or whether subgroup differences are clinically im-
portant. One important subgroup is women with SMI
and comorbid SUDs. Women with SMI have been found
to have different patterns of illness onset and course
(Angermeyer, Kuhn, & Goldstein, 1990; Childers &
1The journal’s style utilizes the category substance abuse as a diagnostic category. Substances are used or misused; living organisms are and can be
abused. Editor’s note.
This research was supported by grants RO1 DA 012265 (Dr. Bellack) and R01 DA11753 (Dr. Bellack) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse
and the VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center.
Address correspondence to Dr. Amy Drapalski, VISN 5 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health
Care System, 10 North, Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201; E-mail: [email protected]
Harding, 1990; Kawa et al., 2005; Kennedy et al., 2005;
Kessing, 2004; McGlashan & Bardenstein, 1990), better
social functioning (Mueser, Bellack, Morrison, & Wade,
1990), and more positive outcomes than men (Childers
& Harding, 1990; McGlashan.
Excerpt from the Research Article2 In the Midwest Longitudin.pdf
Excerpt from the Research Article2
In the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Homeless Adolescents, homeless youth were interviewed
directly
on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities.
Physical abuse. Physical abuse was an indicator of parental/caretaker abuse. A mean of seven
items
(e.g., thrown something, hit with an object, pushed or shoved, slapped in the face, beaten up,
threatened, and wounded with a weapon) was calculated.
Delinquent behavior. Youth reported on things such as lying, feeling guilty, setting fires, stealing at
home, or other places, using dirty language or swearing, and cutting classes.
Age on own. Age on own was a continuous measure, constructed from the age that adolescents
reported they had first run away.
Deviant peers. Respondents were asked if any of their close friends had ever engaged in
delinquent
activities.
Substance use. Respondents reported how often they had used a list of substances in the past 12
months.
Postrunaway arrest and police harassment. Postrunaway arrest was a dichotomous construct that
measured self-reported arrest after running away from home the first time. Respondents were also
asked if they had been hassled by the police in the past 12 months, but not arrested. Hassled by
the
police was dichotomized (0 = no; 1 = yes).
Age ranged from 16 to 19 years (mean = 17.40). Gender was coded 0 males and 1 = females.
Table 1 Correlation Matrix (n = 354)
*p< 0.05. **p< 0.01.
Please answer the following questions:
1. Which value of r in the table represents the strongest relationship? Would you characterize the
relationship as being strong? Explain.
2. What is the value of the correlation coefficient for the relationship between Hassled by police
and Postrunaway arrest? How would you interpret the result for the health professionals?
3. Which one of the correlation coefficients shown in the table has the largest coefficient of
determination? To two decimal places, what is the value of the coefficient of determination for
the correlation you referred? How would you interpret the result for the health professionals?
4. To two decimal places, what is the value of coefficient of determination for the relationship
between gender and Delinquent behavior? How would you interpret the result for the health
professionals?
5. Would you be willing to generalize the results of this study to all adolescents in the Midwest?
Explain.
Reference
1. Burgess, N. S. (1991). Effect of a very-low-calorie diet on body composition and resting
metabolic rate in obese men and women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 91(4),
430-434.
2. Thrane L., Chen X., Johnson K., & Whitebeck L. B. (2008). Predictors of police contact among
Midwestern homeless and runaway youth. Youth Violence Juvenile Justice, 6, 227-239
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.Femal
-
e
2.Age -.22** -
3.
Physical .01 .13* -
Abuse
4.
Delinque
nt -.22** .06 .15** -
Behavio
ur
5. Age
-.09 -.09 .24** .13* -
on own
6.
Deviant -.10 .16** .21** .33** .22** -
peers
7..
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The Relationship Between Sexual Abuse And Addiction
- 1. The Relationship Between Sexual Abuse and Addiction By: Andrea Presnall Argosy University
Editor's Notes
- Alcohol use was found to increase re-victimization but the study did not find significant evidence of the occurrence of child sexual abuse. The study focused more on the abuse that occurs after substances are used.
- In the study, 28 of the participants had experienced CSA. Study was conducted in a third world country and many women in the study were escaping abuse. Once the women escaped they were poor and left with little options and many of them turned to prostitution and crack.
- The results indicated that 30.7% of the participants have experienced both sexual and physical abuse in their lives. The study was reliable in the sense that of the hungarian female population both substance users and non substance users were interviewed.
- Study was able to differentiate what was excessive alcohol intake. Also, the study was able to disregard data where one or two drinks were consumed compared to many more. Where as, many other studies take down any alcohol use into account.
- The study only included African American college aged men so this study could not generalize to the public. This study is groundbreaking in the sense that it does contain males as participants. Future research could include both men and women from different cultures and races.
- Participants were put into two groups group 1: sober 6 months and then group two: sober 6–24 months. Out of the survey 44% had experienced CSA.
- Out of the participants 55% were female and the mean age was 29. There were both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The results also indicated that there was a greater risk of substance use in (DZ) than (MZ) pairs.
- Participants were female drug users. The results indicated that 46% of prostitutes and 36% of just drug users had experienced CSA.
- Participants were 202 Thai youth aged 16-25. The results indicated that 38% of the people reported childhood abuse.
- Participants were 291 American Indian women. The findings indicated that 168 of the subjects had some sort of alcohol disorder and 123 were non alcoholic and non ASPD .