This document summarizes the novella "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway and analyzes the main character Santiago as a tragic hero. It discusses how Santiago embodies Aristotle's definition of a tragic hero, including having a fatal flaw (hamartia), experiencing misfortune, and eliciting feelings of pity and fear in readers to achieve catharsis. While Santiago respects nature, he must kill to survive, and despite his pride and optimism, he endures a lonely and unfortunate fate, making his story a good example of tragedy.