A powerful idea about human development stormed pop culture and changed how we see one another. It’s mostly bunk.
When Leonardo DiCaprio’s relationship with model/actress Camila Morrone ended three months after she celebrated her 25th birthday, the lifestyle site YourTango turned to neuroscience. DiCaprio has a well-documented history of dating women under 25. (His current flame, who is 27, is a rare exception.) “Given that DiCaprio’s cut-off point is exactly around the time that neuroscientists say our brains are finished developing, there is certainly a case to be made that a desire to date younger partners comes from a desire to have control,” the article said. It quotes a couples therapist, who says that at 25, people’s “brains are fully formed and that presents a more elevated and conscious level of connection”—the type of connection, YourTango suggests, that DiCaprio wants to avoid.
YourTango was parroting a factoid that’s gained a chokehold over pop science in the past decade: that 25 marks the age at which our brains become “fully developed” or “mature.” This assertion has been used as an explanation for a vast range of phenomena. After 25, it’s harder to learn, a Fast Company piece claimed. Because “the risk management and long-term planning abilities of the human brain do not kick into high gear” until 25, an op-ed in Mint argued, people shouldn’t get married before then. In early 2020, Slate’s sex columnists Jessica Stoya and Rich Juzwiak fielded a reader question about the ethics of having sex with people under 25. “I am told, at least once every couple weeks, that if you’re under 25, you’re incapable of consent because your ‘frontal lobes are still developing,’ ” the distressed reader wrote.
A study found that people with a strong sense of purpose in life have a lower risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular problems like heart attacks and strokes. Researchers reviewed data on over 137,000 individuals and found those with a low sense of purpose were more likely to die or have cardiovascular issues. The lead researcher recommends developing and refining one's sense of purpose to protect heart health and potentially save lives. Having a purpose that includes helping others can lead to true fulfillment.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. It explains how the brain is divided into lobes and nuclei that control different functions like movement, senses, and cognition. It also describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, and how neurons are the basic functional units that transmit signals throughout the nervous system to control bodily functions and behavior.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. It explains how the brain is divided into lobes and nuclei that control different functions like movement, senses, and cognition. It also describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, and how neurons are the basic functional units that transmit signals throughout the nervous system to control bodily functions and behavior.
This document provides an autobiographical introduction to the author's lifelong interest in memory from his childhood experiences in Vienna in 1938 up until receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for his contributions to the study of memory storage in the brain. It describes the author's vivid childhood memories of his 9th birthday and the events of Kristallnacht a few days later when his family was forced to leave their home. This traumatic experience sparked his early interest in understanding human behavior and memory, which first manifested as a focus on history and psychoanalysis in college, before turning to the biological study of the brain and memory in a scientific career spanning over 50 years.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Brain Facts: A Primer on the Brain and Nervous System publication. It discusses how knowledge of the brain and nervous system has increased exponentially in recent decades through remarkable new tools and technologies. However, more research is still needed to understand disorders that affect over 1 billion people worldwide. The Society for Neuroscience aims to communicate neuroscience advances to the public to help inform students, educators, medical professionals and others. It presents this seventh edition of the Brain Facts primer along with the new BrainFacts.org website to serve as authoritative sources of up-to-date information on the progress and promise of brain research.
By 2030 one-fifth of the U.S. population will be 65 or older. Older populations are "not what they used to be" and need not support the myths about old age. This powerpoint talks about the upside of growing older.
Recent commentary on parenting has concentrated on the importance of the first three years with a particular emphasis on neuroscience. It is suggested that between 0 and 3 years the infant brain develops the capacity for empathy and concern but stress, abuse, deprivation, poor parenting, poverty or some combination of those and similar factors can prevent this development. More worryingly, once prevented, there is no means to later learn empathy and concern because of permanent changes in brain organization and brain chemistry.
Study in Science Shows End of History Illusion - NYTimes.com.docxhanneloremccaffery
Study in Science Shows 'End of History Illusion' - NYTimes.com
Gltr $r'tu {l*rlt iliurr"ri
J a r t u i : r ' y . i 2 0 i 3
P a g e 1 o f 3
WhyYouWon't Be the PersonYou
Expect to Be
11 JOHN TIERNEY
When we remember our past selves, they seem quite different. We know how much our
personalities and tastes have changed over the years. But when we look ahead, somehow we
expect ourselves to stay the same, a team of psychologists said Thursday, describing research
they conducted of people's self-perceptions.
They called this phenomenon the "end of history illusion," in which people tend to
"underestimate how much they will change in the future." According to their research, which
involved more than 19,ooo people ranging in age from rB to 68, the illusion persists from
teenage years into retirement.
"Middle-aged people - like me - often look back on our teenage selves with some mixture
of amusement and chagrin," said one of the authors, Daniel T. Gilbert, a psychologist at
Harvard. "What we never seem to realize is that our future selves will look back and think
the very same thing about us. At every age we think we're having the last laugh, and at every
age we're wrong."
Other psychologists said they were intrigued by the findings, published Thursday in the
journal Science, and impressed with the amount of supporting evidence. Participants were
asked about their personality traits and preferences - their favorite foods, vacations,
hobbies and bands - in years past and present, and then asked to rnake predictions for the
future. Not surprisingly, the younger people in the study reported more change in the
previous decade than did the older respondents. But when asked to predict what their
personalities and tastes would be like in ten years, people of all ages consistently played
down the potential changes ahead.
Thus, the typical zo-year-old woman's predictions for her next decade weren't nearly as
radical as the typical 3o-year-old woman's recollection of how much she had changed in her
zos. This sort of discrepancy persisted among respondents all the way into their 6os.
And the discrepancy didn't seem to be because of faulty memories, because the personality
changes recalled by people jibed quite well with independent research charting how
httD://www.nvtimes.com/2013/01/04/science/studv-in-science'shows-end-of-hiqtnrv-ilL,cinn 1 t2't)n1't
Study in Science Shows 'End of History Illusion' - NYTimes.com Pase 2 af 3
personality traits shift u'ith age. People seemed to be much better at recalling their former
selves than at imagining how much they would change in the future.
Why? Dr. Gilbert and his collaborators, Jordi Quoidbach of Harvard and Timothy D. Wilson
of the University of Virginia, had a few theories, starting with the well-documented tendenry
of people to overestimate their own wonderfulness.
"Believing that we just reached the peak of our personal evolution makes us feel good," Dr.
Quoidbach said. "T.
A study found that people with a strong sense of purpose in life have a lower risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular problems like heart attacks and strokes. Researchers reviewed data on over 137,000 individuals and found those with a low sense of purpose were more likely to die or have cardiovascular issues. The lead researcher recommends developing and refining one's sense of purpose to protect heart health and potentially save lives. Having a purpose that includes helping others can lead to true fulfillment.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. It explains how the brain is divided into lobes and nuclei that control different functions like movement, senses, and cognition. It also describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, and how neurons are the basic functional units that transmit signals throughout the nervous system to control bodily functions and behavior.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. It explains how the brain is divided into lobes and nuclei that control different functions like movement, senses, and cognition. It also describes the central and peripheral nervous systems, and how neurons are the basic functional units that transmit signals throughout the nervous system to control bodily functions and behavior.
This document provides an autobiographical introduction to the author's lifelong interest in memory from his childhood experiences in Vienna in 1938 up until receiving the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for his contributions to the study of memory storage in the brain. It describes the author's vivid childhood memories of his 9th birthday and the events of Kristallnacht a few days later when his family was forced to leave their home. This traumatic experience sparked his early interest in understanding human behavior and memory, which first manifested as a focus on history and psychoanalysis in college, before turning to the biological study of the brain and memory in a scientific career spanning over 50 years.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the Brain Facts: A Primer on the Brain and Nervous System publication. It discusses how knowledge of the brain and nervous system has increased exponentially in recent decades through remarkable new tools and technologies. However, more research is still needed to understand disorders that affect over 1 billion people worldwide. The Society for Neuroscience aims to communicate neuroscience advances to the public to help inform students, educators, medical professionals and others. It presents this seventh edition of the Brain Facts primer along with the new BrainFacts.org website to serve as authoritative sources of up-to-date information on the progress and promise of brain research.
By 2030 one-fifth of the U.S. population will be 65 or older. Older populations are "not what they used to be" and need not support the myths about old age. This powerpoint talks about the upside of growing older.
Recent commentary on parenting has concentrated on the importance of the first three years with a particular emphasis on neuroscience. It is suggested that between 0 and 3 years the infant brain develops the capacity for empathy and concern but stress, abuse, deprivation, poor parenting, poverty or some combination of those and similar factors can prevent this development. More worryingly, once prevented, there is no means to later learn empathy and concern because of permanent changes in brain organization and brain chemistry.
Study in Science Shows End of History Illusion - NYTimes.com.docxhanneloremccaffery
Study in Science Shows 'End of History Illusion' - NYTimes.com
Gltr $r'tu {l*rlt iliurr"ri
J a r t u i : r ' y . i 2 0 i 3
P a g e 1 o f 3
WhyYouWon't Be the PersonYou
Expect to Be
11 JOHN TIERNEY
When we remember our past selves, they seem quite different. We know how much our
personalities and tastes have changed over the years. But when we look ahead, somehow we
expect ourselves to stay the same, a team of psychologists said Thursday, describing research
they conducted of people's self-perceptions.
They called this phenomenon the "end of history illusion," in which people tend to
"underestimate how much they will change in the future." According to their research, which
involved more than 19,ooo people ranging in age from rB to 68, the illusion persists from
teenage years into retirement.
"Middle-aged people - like me - often look back on our teenage selves with some mixture
of amusement and chagrin," said one of the authors, Daniel T. Gilbert, a psychologist at
Harvard. "What we never seem to realize is that our future selves will look back and think
the very same thing about us. At every age we think we're having the last laugh, and at every
age we're wrong."
Other psychologists said they were intrigued by the findings, published Thursday in the
journal Science, and impressed with the amount of supporting evidence. Participants were
asked about their personality traits and preferences - their favorite foods, vacations,
hobbies and bands - in years past and present, and then asked to rnake predictions for the
future. Not surprisingly, the younger people in the study reported more change in the
previous decade than did the older respondents. But when asked to predict what their
personalities and tastes would be like in ten years, people of all ages consistently played
down the potential changes ahead.
Thus, the typical zo-year-old woman's predictions for her next decade weren't nearly as
radical as the typical 3o-year-old woman's recollection of how much she had changed in her
zos. This sort of discrepancy persisted among respondents all the way into their 6os.
And the discrepancy didn't seem to be because of faulty memories, because the personality
changes recalled by people jibed quite well with independent research charting how
httD://www.nvtimes.com/2013/01/04/science/studv-in-science'shows-end-of-hiqtnrv-ilL,cinn 1 t2't)n1't
Study in Science Shows 'End of History Illusion' - NYTimes.com Pase 2 af 3
personality traits shift u'ith age. People seemed to be much better at recalling their former
selves than at imagining how much they would change in the future.
Why? Dr. Gilbert and his collaborators, Jordi Quoidbach of Harvard and Timothy D. Wilson
of the University of Virginia, had a few theories, starting with the well-documented tendenry
of people to overestimate their own wonderfulness.
"Believing that we just reached the peak of our personal evolution makes us feel good," Dr.
Quoidbach said. "T.
Science of the Mind Journal November 2008Beth White
1) Alzheimer's disease causes degeneration of brain cells and affects memory. It was first identified by German physician Alois Alzheimer in 1906 after examining the brain of a deceased patient.
2) The disease starts by affecting short term memory and progresses to long term memory loss, eventually causing patients to not recognize family and friends.
3) In Alzheimer's patients, the brain shrinks and has fewer neurons and synapses connecting neurons than healthy brains. Protein plaques also build up between neurons, interfering with communication in the brain.
This document discusses different types of research: pure research, original research, and secondary research. Pure research is done simply to gain knowledge without a particular purpose, exploring various topics and sources. Original research aims to discover new information not yet found. Secondary research examines existing research from others to draw new conclusions or relationships between studies. Research can also be directed, with a specific focus or goal, or non-directed for general learning without an objective. Research challenges preconceptions and requires defining terms and considering evidence objectively.
The Homunculus Problem: Why You Will Lose the Battle of BYODMichele Chubirka
BYOD, it's the new enterprise Boogie Man, striking fear into the heart of security professionals everywhere. We think this is a simple issue of policy, but if a recent study is correct and 20somethings will risk their jobs to use their own devices, it's clear there's more going on. One explanation for the attachment to our smartphones and tablets can be found in neuroscience.
A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms,...SharpBrains
(Session held at the 2014 SharpBrains Virtual Summit; October 28-30th, 2014)
8:15–9:45am. A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms, neuroplasticity research and the White House BRAIN initiative
- Dr. Thomas Insel, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Dr. Adam Gazzaley, Director of UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and Co-founder of Akili Interactive Labs
- Dr. Daphne Bavelier, Head of the Brain & Learning Lab at the University of Geneva & U. of Rochester
- Jack Young, Head of Qualcomm Life Fund
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains
Learn more here:
http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2014/agenda/
IIt’s not only in newspaper headlines—it’s even on magazine .docxwilcockiris
I
It’s not only in newspaper headlines—it’s even on magazine covers.
TIME, U.S. News & World Report and even Scientific American
Mind have all run cover stories proclaiming that an incompletely
developed brain accounts for the emotional problems and irrespon-
sible behavior of teenagers. The assertion is driven by various stud-
ies of brain activity and anatomy in teens. Imaging studies some-
times show, for example, that teens and adults use their brains some-
what differently when performing certain tasks.
As a longtime researcher in psychology and a sometime teacher
of courses on research methods and statistics, I have become in-
creasingly concerned about how such studies are being interpreted.
Although imaging technology has shed interesting new light on
brain activity, it is dangerous to presume that snapshots of activity
in certain regions of the brain necessarily provide useful information
about the causes of thought, feeling and behavior.
w w w. s c i a m m i n d . c o m S C I E N T I F I C A M E R I C A N M I N D 57
MythThe of the
We blame
teen turmoil
on immature
brains. But
did the brains
cause the
turmoil, or did
the turmoil
shape the
brains?
Teen Brain
By Robert Epstein
P
E
T
E
R
D
A
Z
E
L
E
Y
G
e
tt
y
I
m
a
g
e
s
58 S C I E N T I F I C A M E R I C A N M I N D A p r i l / M a y 2 0 07
This fact is true in part because we know that
an individual’s genes and environmental histo-
ry—and even his or her own behavior—mold the
brain over time. There is clear evidence that any
unique features that may exist in the brains of
teens— to the limited extent that such features
exist— are the result of social influences rather
than the cause of teen turmoil. As you will see, a
careful look at relevant data shows that the teen
brain we read about in the headlines—the imma-
ture brain that supposedly causes teen prob-
lems—is nothing less than a myth.
Cultural Considerations
The teen brain fits conveniently into a larger
myth, namely, that teens are inherently incompe-
tent and irresponsible. Psychologist G. Stanley
Hall launched this myth in 1904 with the publi-
cation of his landmark two-volume book Ado-
lescence. Hall was misled both by the turmoil of
his times and by a popular theory from biology
that later proved faulty. He witnessed an explod-
ing industrial revolution and massive immigra-
tion that put hundreds of thousands of young
people onto the streets of America’s burgeoning
cities. Hall never looked beyond those streets in
formulating his theories about teens, in part be-
cause he believed in “recapitulation”— a theory
from biology that asserted that individual devel-
opment (ontogeny) mimicked evolutionary devel-
opment (phylogeny). To Hall, adolescence was
the necessary and inevitable reenactment of a
“savage, pigmoid” stage of human evolution. By
the 1930s the recapitulation theory was com-
pletely discredited in biology, but psychologists
and the .
Dave Rocker: Neuromyths: Misunderstandings About The Brain Dave Rocker
Popular culture has taught us to believe many facts about the brain. For example, one of the most common misunderstandings is that logical, linear-thinking people are left-brain dominant, while those of us who are creative and artistic are right-brain dominant. Other neuromyths have also been widely accepted. Dave Rocker explains some of the most popular neuromyths about the brain.
Neuromarketing analyzes consumer decision making and brain activity to understand purchasing behaviors. Martin Lindstrom explains most decisions in grocery stores are made subconsciously in under four seconds. The brain has over 100 billion cells and processes visual stimuli quickly, putting visual components above other senses. Neuroimaging techniques like EEG, fMRI, and MEG are used to effectively measure brain activity and assess how marketing stimulates regions related to emotion, attention, and memory formation.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Science of the Mind Journal November 2008Beth White
1) Alzheimer's disease causes degeneration of brain cells and affects memory. It was first identified by German physician Alois Alzheimer in 1906 after examining the brain of a deceased patient.
2) The disease starts by affecting short term memory and progresses to long term memory loss, eventually causing patients to not recognize family and friends.
3) In Alzheimer's patients, the brain shrinks and has fewer neurons and synapses connecting neurons than healthy brains. Protein plaques also build up between neurons, interfering with communication in the brain.
This document discusses different types of research: pure research, original research, and secondary research. Pure research is done simply to gain knowledge without a particular purpose, exploring various topics and sources. Original research aims to discover new information not yet found. Secondary research examines existing research from others to draw new conclusions or relationships between studies. Research can also be directed, with a specific focus or goal, or non-directed for general learning without an objective. Research challenges preconceptions and requires defining terms and considering evidence objectively.
The Homunculus Problem: Why You Will Lose the Battle of BYODMichele Chubirka
BYOD, it's the new enterprise Boogie Man, striking fear into the heart of security professionals everywhere. We think this is a simple issue of policy, but if a recent study is correct and 20somethings will risk their jobs to use their own devices, it's clear there's more going on. One explanation for the attachment to our smartphones and tablets can be found in neuroscience.
A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms,...SharpBrains
(Session held at the 2014 SharpBrains Virtual Summit; October 28-30th, 2014)
8:15–9:45am. A Call to Action: Improving brain & mental health via digital platforms, neuroplasticity research and the White House BRAIN initiative
- Dr. Thomas Insel, Director of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
- Dr. Adam Gazzaley, Director of UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and Co-founder of Akili Interactive Labs
- Dr. Daphne Bavelier, Head of the Brain & Learning Lab at the University of Geneva & U. of Rochester
- Jack Young, Head of Qualcomm Life Fund
- Chair: Alvaro Fernandez, CEO of SharpBrains
Learn more here:
http://sharpbrains.com/summit-2014/agenda/
IIt’s not only in newspaper headlines—it’s even on magazine .docxwilcockiris
I
It’s not only in newspaper headlines—it’s even on magazine covers.
TIME, U.S. News & World Report and even Scientific American
Mind have all run cover stories proclaiming that an incompletely
developed brain accounts for the emotional problems and irrespon-
sible behavior of teenagers. The assertion is driven by various stud-
ies of brain activity and anatomy in teens. Imaging studies some-
times show, for example, that teens and adults use their brains some-
what differently when performing certain tasks.
As a longtime researcher in psychology and a sometime teacher
of courses on research methods and statistics, I have become in-
creasingly concerned about how such studies are being interpreted.
Although imaging technology has shed interesting new light on
brain activity, it is dangerous to presume that snapshots of activity
in certain regions of the brain necessarily provide useful information
about the causes of thought, feeling and behavior.
w w w. s c i a m m i n d . c o m S C I E N T I F I C A M E R I C A N M I N D 57
MythThe of the
We blame
teen turmoil
on immature
brains. But
did the brains
cause the
turmoil, or did
the turmoil
shape the
brains?
Teen Brain
By Robert Epstein
P
E
T
E
R
D
A
Z
E
L
E
Y
G
e
tt
y
I
m
a
g
e
s
58 S C I E N T I F I C A M E R I C A N M I N D A p r i l / M a y 2 0 07
This fact is true in part because we know that
an individual’s genes and environmental histo-
ry—and even his or her own behavior—mold the
brain over time. There is clear evidence that any
unique features that may exist in the brains of
teens— to the limited extent that such features
exist— are the result of social influences rather
than the cause of teen turmoil. As you will see, a
careful look at relevant data shows that the teen
brain we read about in the headlines—the imma-
ture brain that supposedly causes teen prob-
lems—is nothing less than a myth.
Cultural Considerations
The teen brain fits conveniently into a larger
myth, namely, that teens are inherently incompe-
tent and irresponsible. Psychologist G. Stanley
Hall launched this myth in 1904 with the publi-
cation of his landmark two-volume book Ado-
lescence. Hall was misled both by the turmoil of
his times and by a popular theory from biology
that later proved faulty. He witnessed an explod-
ing industrial revolution and massive immigra-
tion that put hundreds of thousands of young
people onto the streets of America’s burgeoning
cities. Hall never looked beyond those streets in
formulating his theories about teens, in part be-
cause he believed in “recapitulation”— a theory
from biology that asserted that individual devel-
opment (ontogeny) mimicked evolutionary devel-
opment (phylogeny). To Hall, adolescence was
the necessary and inevitable reenactment of a
“savage, pigmoid” stage of human evolution. By
the 1930s the recapitulation theory was com-
pletely discredited in biology, but psychologists
and the .
Dave Rocker: Neuromyths: Misunderstandings About The Brain Dave Rocker
Popular culture has taught us to believe many facts about the brain. For example, one of the most common misunderstandings is that logical, linear-thinking people are left-brain dominant, while those of us who are creative and artistic are right-brain dominant. Other neuromyths have also been widely accepted. Dave Rocker explains some of the most popular neuromyths about the brain.
Neuromarketing analyzes consumer decision making and brain activity to understand purchasing behaviors. Martin Lindstrom explains most decisions in grocery stores are made subconsciously in under four seconds. The brain has over 100 billion cells and processes visual stimuli quickly, putting visual components above other senses. Neuroimaging techniques like EEG, fMRI, and MEG are used to effectively measure brain activity and assess how marketing stimulates regions related to emotion, attention, and memory formation.
Similar to The Myth of the 25-Year-Old Brain.pdf (8)
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. The Myth of the 25-Year-Old Brain
A powerful idea about human development stormed pop culture and changed how we see one another.
It’s mostly bunk.
When Leonardo DiCaprio’s relationship with model/actress Camila Morrone ended three months after she celebrated her 25
birthday, the lifestyle site YourTango turned to neuroscience. DiCaprio has a well-documented history of dating women under
25. (His current flame, who is 27, is a rare exception.) “Given that DiCaprio’s cut-off point is exactly around the time that
neuroscientists say our brains are finished developing, there is certainly a case to be made that a desire to date younger
partners comes from a desire to have control,” the article said. It quotes a couples therapist, who says that at 25, people’s
“brains are fully formed and that presents a more elevated and conscious level of connection”—the type of connection,
YourTango suggests, that DiCaprio wants to avoid.
th
YourTango was parroting a factoid that’s gained a chokehold over pop science in the past decade: that 25 marks the age at
which our brains become “fully developed” or “mature.” This assertion has been used as an explanation for a vast range of
phenomena. After 25, it’s harder to learn, a Fast Company piece claimed. Because “the risk management and long-term
planning abilities of the human brain do not kick into high gear” until 25, an op-ed in Mint argued, people shouldn’t get married
before then. In early 2020, Slate’s sex columnists Jessica Stoya and Rich Juzwiak fielded a reader question about the ethics of
having sex with people under 25. “I am told, at least once every couple weeks, that if you’re under 25, you’re incapable of
consent because your ‘frontal lobes are still developing,’ ” the distressed reader wrote.
Welcome to Brain Health Smarts! Helping men and women bring brain
aging to a standstill - Discover the KEY to a fit, sharp and healthy
brain.Join Brain Health Smarts Today -Click Here.
Even some young people now regard age 25 as a turning point with seemingly magical properties. In one Reddit thread, a 24-year-old
asks whether older, presumably wiser Redditors noticed changes after 25. (“I suddenly stopped finding Leonardo DiCaprio attractive,” one
commenter quipped.) Others use the factoid to justify a range of bad decisions, from why college kids continued hosting keggers at the
height of COVID to why some men are terrible at texting.
But this notion has taken on more urgent stakes, too. After the school massacre in Uvalde, Texas, a Washington Post article noted that
the shooter had just turned 18 and been allowed to purchase guns legally, following a long line of men under 25 who’d committed similar
atrocities. (The Post notes that the Parkland school shooter was 19, the Newtown shooter 20, and the Virginia Tech shooter 23.) Shouldn’t
gun laws, experts argued, reflect that these young men don’t yet have fully developed brains?
So, what does happen to your brain at 25? And how did so many people get the idea that something profound happens at that specific
age? The past two decades of neuroscience research provide some clues. A huge breakthrough in how we study brains and a few
intriguing kernels from studies seem to have become the basis for a powerful idea that reaches far beyond the facts. The real answer to
these questions may lie in a culture that’s uneasily grappling with what science can (and can’t) tell us about ourselves.
Brain Development
2. About three decades ago, a new brain-imaging technique changed the face of neuroscience. The technology came from the more familiar
MRI, which you might know is used in medicine to create a static image of the organs, tissues, and bones inside your body. (For example,
you might get an MRI for an injured knee joint or to get a closer look at a tumor.) In 1991 scientists developed a new technique using the
hulking, cylindrical machines to measure changes in blood flow, which they called functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI. If
MRIs were photos of the inside of your body, fMRIs were like video.
Over the next few years, scientists refined the technique, opening up a new horizon for neuroscience: the potential to peer into the brain
as people think.
A powerful, comprehensive brainwave entrainment system that will make
you smarter, relieve stress, help you achieve incredibly deep meditative
states, and tap into your brain's unlimited potential.Genius Brain Power
MP3 Audio Package- Check it Now
To say people were excited about fMRI is an understatement. In 1993 scientists gushed about fMRI’s potential to the New York Times. “This is the
wonder technique we’ve all been waiting for,” said one researcher. Another called it “the most exciting thing to happen in the realm of cognitive
neuroscience in my lifetime.” A third said he thought fMRI would do for neuroscience “what the discovery of genetic code did for molecular biology.”
The advent of fMRI was undeniably a boon for understanding the brain’s inner workings—and the public loved learning about the findings.
Neuroscience validated things we already intuitively felt were true: that our minds process emotional pain similarly to physical pain, that we all have
knee-jerk reactions to faces of people who are a different race than us, that something special happens when we look at someone we love. With these
new imaging tools, we could better understand ourselves and how we change over our life spans. As part of this, a new subarea of research grew:
Why is it that teenagers seem especially prone to bad decisions?
The bulk of adolescent imaging work focused on capturing brain structure by taking detailed images of the brain, and then probing brain function by
recording brain activity in real time as people watched or listened to stimuli. On the structural front, researchers discovered that as children grew
older, the prefrontal cortex, a brain area responsible for cognitive control, experienced physical changes. In particular, they found that white matter—
bundles of nerve fibers that facilitate communication across brain areas—increases, suggesting a greater capacity for learning. Those changes
continued well into people’s 20s.
They also found important clues to brain function. For instance, a 2016 study found that when faced with negative emotion, 18- to 21-year-olds had
brain activity in the prefrontal cortices that looked more like that of younger teenagers than that of people over 21. Alexandra Cohen, the lead author
of that study and now a neuroscientist at Emory University, said the scientific consensus is that brain development continues into people’s 20s.
But, she wrote in an email, “I don’t think there’s anything magical about the age of 25.”
“I honestly don’t know why people picked 25. It’s a nice-sounding number? It’s divisible by five?”
Yet we’ve seen that many people do believe something special happens at 25. That’s the result of pop culture telephone: As people reference the
takeaways from Cohen and other researchers’ work, the nuance gets lost. For example, to add an air of credibility to its DiCaprio theory, YourTango
excerpts a passage from a 2012 New York Times op-ed written by the psychologist Larry Steinberg: “Significant changes in brain anatomy and
activity are still taking place during young adulthood, especially in prefrontal regions that are important for planning ahead, anticipating the future
consequences of one’s decisions, controlling impulses, and comparing risk and reward,” he wrote.
Steinberg is a giant in the field of adolescent development, well known for his four decades of research on adolescent and young adults. The
passage YourTango quoted accurately describes the science, but it’s definitely a stretch to imply that it explains Leonardo DiCaprio’s dating history.
When we spoke, I told Steinberg his work had been referenced in this way. “Oh no,” he said, laughing. I then asked whether he had insights about
where the figure 25 came from, and he said roughly the same thing as Cohen: There’s consensus among neuroscientists that brain development
continues into the 20s, but there’s far from any consensus about any specific age that defines the boundary between adolescence and adulthood. “I
honestly don’t know why people picked 25,” he said. “It’s a nice-sounding number? It’s divisible by five?”
Unique angle for all-natural brain supplement. New for 2023. Get started
now!
3. Kate Mills, a developmental neuroscientist at the University of Oregon, was equally puzzled. “This is funny to me—I don’t know why 25,” Mills said.
“We’re still not there with research to really say the brain is mature at 25, because we still don’t have a good indication of what maturity even looks
like.”
Maturity is a slippery concept, especially in neuroscience. A banana can be ripe or not, but there’s no single metric to examine to determine a brain’s
maturity. In many studies, though, neuroscientists define maturity as the point at which changes in the brain level off. This is the metric researchers
considered in determining that the prefrontal cortex continues developing into people’s mid-20s.
That means that for some people, changes in the prefrontal cortex really might plateau around 25—but not for everyone. And the prefrontal cortex is
just one area of the brain; researchers homed in on it because it’s a major player in coordinating “higher thought,” but other parts of the brain are
also required for a behavior as complex as decision making. The temporal lobe helps process others’ speech and language so you can understand
what’s going on, while the occipital lobe allows you to watch for social cues. According to a 2016 Neuron paper by Harvard psychologist Leah
Somerville, the structure of these and other brain areas changes at different rates throughout our life span, growing and shrinking; in fact, structural
changes in the brain continue far past people’s 20s. “One especially large study showed that for several brain regions, structural growth curves had
not plateaued even by the age of 30, the oldest age in their sample,” she wrote. “Other work focused on structural brain measures through adulthood
show progressive volumetric changes from ages 15–90 that never ‘level off’ and instead changed constantly throughout the adult phase of life.”
To complicate things further, there’s a huge amount of variability between individual brains. Just as you might stop growing taller at 23, or 17—or, if
you’re like me, 12—the age that corresponds with brain plateaus can differ greatly from person to person. In one study, participants ranged from 7 to
30 years old, and researchers tried to predict each person’s “brain age” by mapping the connections in each person’s brain. Their age predictions
accounted for about 55 percent of the variance among the participants, but far from all of it. “Some 8-year-old brains exhibited a greater ‘maturation
index’ than some 25 year old brains,” Somerville wrote in her Neuron review. Some of those differences might be random genetic variation, but
people’s behavior and lived experience contribute as well. “Childhood experiences, epigenetics, substance use, genetics related to anxiety,
psychosis, and ADHD—all that affects brain development as well,” said Sarah Mallard Wakefield, a forensic psychiatrist.
All this means that people’s brains can look very different from one another at 25. If we’re leaving it up to neuroscience to define maturity, the answer
is clear as mud. The concept of adulthood has been around much longer than neuroscience has been able to weigh in on it. Ultimately, we are the
ones who must define the shift from adolescence to adulthood.
It’s no coincidence that the “mature brains at 25” factoid’s popularity has grown during a period of massive cultural change. Since the first crop of
brain-development studies were published in the 2000s, the U.S. has experienced two recessions and major shifts in how young people approach
traditional “adulthood” milestones. Whereas people in 1950 got married in their early 20s, people are now marrying around 30, if at all. College, now
strongly tied to economic mobility, is more expensive than ever; people graduate in massive debt while job wages have stagnated, making it very
difficult to achieve financial independence and stability. As people spend more time in school and marry and find stable jobs later, they are also
having children later, if at all. Pundits have called it the Great Delay. And in a 2010 New York Times piece, journalist Robin Marantz Henig asked, “Why
are 20-somethings taking so long to grow up?”
There were pictures of the brain—what harder evidence is that?
Henig pointed to a theory from sociologist Jeffrey Arnett. Classic models of development jumped from adolescence to adulthood, but Arnett
proposed the addition of a new stage—”emerging adulthood”—in between adolescence and adulthood. From the ages of 18 to 25, Arnett argued at
the turn of the millennium, people are not yet fully fledged adults. Researchers have debated whether the phenomenon is new or even a
developmental stage at all; unlike other developmental stages, there don’t seem to be negative consequences for people who don’t go through it.
Plus, unlike classic stages like infancy or toddlerhood, it is not a universal phenomenon—rather, it appears mostly in Western societies. Though
many people experience it as a period of doubt and instability, emerging adulthood is still a sort of privilege; many other young people don’t have a
shot at education, or exploring their career and marriage options.
Nonetheless, the idea provided a tantalizing explanation for twentysomethings’ apparent “failure to launch,” and neuroscience of the 2010s seemed
to further support the idea of a prolonged path to adulthood. Sure enough, the Times piece points to the “new understanding” that “children’s brains
are not fully mature until at least 25.” With brain research as evidence, the theory of emerging adulthood seemed unassailable. There were pictures of
the brain—what harder evidence is that?
Believing that neuroscience reveals all is a trap many people fall into. In the 2005 Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons, attorney Seth Waxman
exemplified this bias toward neuro research while arguing that people younger than 18 should not face the death penalty. “The very fact that science
—and I’m not just talking about social science here, but the important neurobiological science that has shown that these adolescents are—their
character is not hard-wired,” Waxman argued. He contrasted social science with “neurobiological science,” implying that the latter is more important
—irrefutable.
4. PDFmyURL.com - convert URLs, web pages or even full websites to PDF online. Easy API for developers!
But the takeaways from neuroscience are rarely ironclad, which complicates the question of what role these studies should have in shaping policy
around the rights and responsibilities of young people. Contrary to what Waxman and many others might believe, neuroscience can be just as
squishy as psychology, a field some snobs argue isn’t even a science. Just like psychologists, neuroscientists must make judgment calls about how
to collect and interpret data, and there are no right answers for how best to do that. Studying people is messy. “Despite being popularly viewed as
revealing the ‘objective truth,’ neuroimaging techniques involve an element of subjectivity,” three health researchers who study adolescents wrote in
a 2009 paper.
The choices researchers make in their methodology and data analysis affect their results. Even the participants researchers study biases their data
set. (It’s well established that most research is biased toward people in “WEIRD”—Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic—
countries.) Plus, the researchers said, “the cognitive or behavioral implications of a given brain image or pattern of activation are not necessarily
straightforward.”
In other words, researchers might be able to take a picture or video of the brain, but it’s not always clear what this really shows. The interpretation of
neuroimaging is the most difficult and contentious part; in a 2020 study, 70 different research teams analyzed the same data set and came away with
wildly different conclusions. Now that tens of thousands of fMRI studies have been published, researchers are identifying flaws in common
neuroscience methods and questioning the reliability of their measures.
That’s not to say we should disregard the neuroscience—we just need to acknowledge its limitations. “We are giving neuroscience a starring role
where it should have a supporting role,” Steinberg said.
The hard work of defining what maturity or adulthood really is falls on us as a society. How we talk about maturity and adulthood—and the evidence
we use to support that—has real-world consequences for our behavior and self-concept. It’s impossible to measure the full effect of the “maturity at
25” factoid, but the fact that some poor 24-year-old Redditor believes that something magical might happen to her in the coming year could very well
affect how they think about themselves and what they’re capable of. Mills told me she’s heard from middle and high school students that their
teachers often point to “brain science” as justification for their bad decisions. (Mills is currently working on a study to interview young people about
what they think and feel when they hear those kinds of assertions.)
Even with a flimsy basis at best, the real-world consequences of the “brains are fully mature at 25” myth are only beginning to emerge. Some of
those are relatively harmless; using this half-truth to explain Leonardo DiCaprio’s dating habits primarily hurts DiCaprio, who hardly needs our
sympathy. But as people continue to cite this factoid, it has the power to create serious societal change. In some cases, the result might literally save
lives—for instance, keeping dangerous weapons out of the hands of young people or preventing instances of capital punishment. In other cases, it
could cost lives; anti-trans activists cite this as evidence that young people should not be allowed to access lifesaving, gender-affirming care. The
ultimate trajectory of this growing belief—and the profound effect it could have on young lives—is impossible to know, but it’s clear that
neuroscience has and will be deployed to shape policy.
Perhaps the whole enterprise needs a reframe. It’s unrealistic to expect people to appreciate all the nuances of neuroscience, and naive to believe
that scientific evidence won’t be weaponized for political purposes. It feels inevitable that people will gravitate toward a neat, simple story that feels
intuitively true: We’re adults at 25. But rather than using that factoid to defend bad decisions, why not use its lessons to reframe youth as an
opportunity? As the brain develops in adolescence and early adulthood, it stays open to change; that’s what allows us to learn. “Children and
adolescents are not broken adults, but rather, they’re functioning perfectly well for their developmental period,” Mills said. They’re exactly where they
need to be; the extra malleability in youth prepares us to figure out our surroundings. “This is the time we’re learning about our identity, other
people, how we fit into the world—we need the brain to be malleable,” she said. And while adolescence is typically a time of big changes, reaching
adulthood doesn’t mean the end of that growth. You can make good or bad decisions at any age; you’ll mature and regress throughout your life. You,
like your brain, are endlessly complex, and we’re so much more than brain scans will ever reveal.
Unique angle for all-natural brain supplement. New for 2023. Get started
now!