The Moche were an ancient civilization that flourished in Peru from around 100 AD to 800 AD. They were known for producing highly artistic pottery and paintings, some of which depicted naked human figures and inappropriate or sexual acts. The Moche's largest structures were their Temple of the Sun and Temple of the Moon. Their civilization went into decline around 500-800 AD, possibly due to environmental disasters like El Nino that damaged crops and led to war and unrest.