Kumari Kandam was a hypothetical lost land connecting ancient Tamil lands in South India to places like Madagascar and Africa. References to Kumari Kandam are found in ancient Tamil literature from over 2,000 years ago, describing a large fertile land south of modern-day India that was ruled by the Pandiyan kings until it sank beneath the sea. Archaeological evidence and studies of sea levels throughout history have led some researchers to believe that a sizable landmass could have existed in the area connecting India and Sri Lanka before being submerged underwater.