Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
This is the presentation from our first Quarterly Stakeholder Call on 20 November 2014. This provides a status report on ICANN including a President's Overview, Policy Update, Management Update and Q1 Financials.
Supporting Global Discussion: IANA Stewardship TransitionICANN
An infographic to show the globally diverse, inclusive and extensive multistakeholder dialogue supporting the IANA Stewardship Transition and Enhancing ICANN Accountability Processes. (Updated as of 1 May 2015)
The document outlines key activities and metrics for an organization related to internet governance. It includes metrics on customer satisfaction, policy development processes, global operations and customer support centers, strategic planning, accessibility features, accountability mechanisms, security audits, and involvement of governments and stakeholders. The organization aims to be independent, transparent, accountable, and support a multistakeholder approach to internet governance.
This is the presentation from our first Quarterly Stakeholder Call on 20 November 2014. This provides a status report on ICANN including a President's Overview, Policy Update, Management Update and Q1 Financials.
Supporting Global Discussion: IANA Stewardship TransitionICANN
An infographic to show the globally diverse, inclusive and extensive multistakeholder dialogue supporting the IANA Stewardship Transition and Enhancing ICANN Accountability Processes. (Updated as of 1 May 2015)
The document outlines key activities and metrics for an organization related to internet governance. It includes metrics on customer satisfaction, policy development processes, global operations and customer support centers, strategic planning, accessibility features, accountability mechanisms, security audits, and involvement of governments and stakeholders. The organization aims to be independent, transparent, accountable, and support a multistakeholder approach to internet governance.
Supporting Global Discussion: IANA Stewardship TransitionICANN
The document outlines two parallel processes to transition stewardship of the IANA functions away from the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) by September 2015: 1) the IANA Stewardship Transition to develop a proposal for transitioning oversight of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions, and 2) enhancing ICANN accountability through a Cross Community Working Group. It notes that both processes involved a globally diverse and inclusive multistakeholder dialogue through working groups and discussions around the world.
El documento describe el crecimiento de Internet y la economía digital en América Latina y el Caribe. En 2015, había más de 345 millones de usuarios de Internet en la región, con una tasa de crecimiento anual compuesto del 10.8%. Para 2016, se estima que la economía digital de la región alcanzará los 4.2 billones de dólares. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas que hacen un uso intensivo de Internet tienen mayor probabilidad de expandir su alcance geográfico y aumentar sus ingresos.
The document outlines a 4-5 month process for developing and implementing a proposal for enhancing ICANN accountability from a multistakeholder community group. It involves 3 phases of community proposal and public comment, review by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, and finalizing the implementation of bylaw changes to establish the new accountability framework.
The Economic and Societal Layer of Digital Governance (Spanish)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | SpanishICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
El Plan Estratégico de la ICANN fue desarrollado a través de un amplio proceso colaborativo, multilingüe, creado desde las bases y de múltiples partes interesadas. Este plan permite a nuestra comunidad global unirse en torno a una nueva visión integral, a nuestra propia misión fundamental, a cinco objetivos estratégicos y a dieciséis propósitos estratégicos, cada uno de los cuales incluye factores clave de éxito (resultados) y riesgos estratégicos.
The document provides an update on the IDN Program and related community efforts. It discusses the progress of the Label Generation Ruleset development and IDN variant implementation. Generation Panels for several scripts including Arabic, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese provide status updates. The IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process and efforts to develop IDN Language Tables and Implementation Guidelines are also summarized. Q&A follows the presentations.
This document outlines the expected standards of behavior for those participating in ICANN's multistakeholder process. It states that participants should protect organizational assets, support transparency, listen to all stakeholders, avoid conflicts of interest, treat all people with dignity and respect, build consensus, promote ethics, facilitate openness in policy development, act reasonably and objectively, treat all equally, act within ICANN's mission and bylaws, act fairly, and conduct themselves according to ICANN policies. The document emphasizes that ICANN strives to create an inclusive environment and prevent any form of harassment.
ICANN 51: Deploying the IETF’s WHOIS ReplacementICANN
What is the future of WHOIS? It’s the Registry Data Access Program, and it’s on its way. Find out more about what this means for you and the Internet community as a whole. We’ll also provide information on how you can take part in shaping the future of registry directory services by contributing to the RDAP roadmap.
The Logical Layer of Digital Governance (Chinese)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
Strategic initiatives spanish 5 year plan poster april 2015ICANN
El documento presenta el Plan Estratégico de la ICANN para 2016-2020, el cual se centra en cinco objetivos estratégicos clave: 1) continuar globalizando y regionalizando a la ICANN, 2) sustentar un ecosistema seguro y flexible de identificadores únicos, 3) promover la excelencia operativa, tecnológica y organizativa, 4) fomentar el papel de múltiples partes interesadas en la ICANN, y 5) desarrollar un marco de interés público global. El plan busca ayudar a
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | FrenchICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
The document discusses ICANN's new meeting strategy. It notes that attendance and scheduled sessions have increased significantly since 2006. In 2013, ICANN created a working group to assess this growth and its impact. The working group recommended: 1) ensuring time for policy development while increasing cross-community interaction; 2) developing a flexible meeting structure; 3) evolving the A, B, C meeting structure and focus. It outlines the proposed structure and focus of each type of meeting. It also shows the regional rotation of meetings from 2016-2020.
Thick whois policy implementation meeting with the irt icann53ICANN
1) The document discusses the transition from thin to thick WHOIS for .COM, .NET, and .JOBS domains as well as implementing consistent labeling and display of WHOIS output for all gTLDs.
2) A legal review was conducted on applicable laws regarding transitioning from a thin to thick WHOIS model.
3) The timeline assumes legal review completion in 2015, design and public comment on implementation plans in 2015-2016, and implementation by affected parties starting in 2017.
Future of the Internet | Media Briefing from Bangkok, Thailand [19 August 2015]ICANN
Slides used at a media briefing to discuss "The Future of the Internet" in Bangkok, Thailand on 19 August. ICANN and local IT leaders discussed the continued development of the Internet's Domain Name System and Internet growth in the Asia Pacific region, how the region can increase Internet penetration and leverage the Internet more innovatively.
Three Layers of Digital Governance Infographic (English)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
ICANN coordinates the unique identifiers used across the internet such as domain names and IP addresses. It maintains registries containing these addresses to ensure the security, stability, and interoperability of the global internet. ICANN develops global internet policy through a multistakeholder process involving various stakeholders from the private sector, technical community, civil society and governments. It oversees the introduction of new top-level domains and expansion of consumer choice online.
The Logical Layer of Digital Governance (French)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
Call for Volunteers: Accountability & Transparency Review Team_PTICANN
Este documento convoca voluntários para participar da terceira Equipe de Revisão de Responsabilidade e Transparência da ICANN (ATRT3). A ATRT3 irá analisar se a ICANN está sendo transparente e responsável perante a comunidade global e fará recomendações para melhorar seus processos. O documento descreve os objetivos, responsabilidades e benefícios de se tornar um membro da equipe de revisão.
Web-программирование
Лекция #1. Основы Web-технологий.
Цикл лекций читается в Омском государственном университете им. Ф.М.Достоевского на факультете компьютерных наук.
Лектор: Яковенко Кирилл Сергеевич.
Supporting Global Discussion: IANA Stewardship TransitionICANN
The document outlines two parallel processes to transition stewardship of the IANA functions away from the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) by September 2015: 1) the IANA Stewardship Transition to develop a proposal for transitioning oversight of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions, and 2) enhancing ICANN accountability through a Cross Community Working Group. It notes that both processes involved a globally diverse and inclusive multistakeholder dialogue through working groups and discussions around the world.
El documento describe el crecimiento de Internet y la economía digital en América Latina y el Caribe. En 2015, había más de 345 millones de usuarios de Internet en la región, con una tasa de crecimiento anual compuesto del 10.8%. Para 2016, se estima que la economía digital de la región alcanzará los 4.2 billones de dólares. Las pequeñas y medianas empresas que hacen un uso intensivo de Internet tienen mayor probabilidad de expandir su alcance geográfico y aumentar sus ingresos.
The document outlines a 4-5 month process for developing and implementing a proposal for enhancing ICANN accountability from a multistakeholder community group. It involves 3 phases of community proposal and public comment, review by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, and finalizing the implementation of bylaw changes to establish the new accountability framework.
The Economic and Societal Layer of Digital Governance (Spanish)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | SpanishICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
El Plan Estratégico de la ICANN fue desarrollado a través de un amplio proceso colaborativo, multilingüe, creado desde las bases y de múltiples partes interesadas. Este plan permite a nuestra comunidad global unirse en torno a una nueva visión integral, a nuestra propia misión fundamental, a cinco objetivos estratégicos y a dieciséis propósitos estratégicos, cada uno de los cuales incluye factores clave de éxito (resultados) y riesgos estratégicos.
The document provides an update on the IDN Program and related community efforts. It discusses the progress of the Label Generation Ruleset development and IDN variant implementation. Generation Panels for several scripts including Arabic, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese provide status updates. The IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process and efforts to develop IDN Language Tables and Implementation Guidelines are also summarized. Q&A follows the presentations.
This document outlines the expected standards of behavior for those participating in ICANN's multistakeholder process. It states that participants should protect organizational assets, support transparency, listen to all stakeholders, avoid conflicts of interest, treat all people with dignity and respect, build consensus, promote ethics, facilitate openness in policy development, act reasonably and objectively, treat all equally, act within ICANN's mission and bylaws, act fairly, and conduct themselves according to ICANN policies. The document emphasizes that ICANN strives to create an inclusive environment and prevent any form of harassment.
ICANN 51: Deploying the IETF’s WHOIS ReplacementICANN
What is the future of WHOIS? It’s the Registry Data Access Program, and it’s on its way. Find out more about what this means for you and the Internet community as a whole. We’ll also provide information on how you can take part in shaping the future of registry directory services by contributing to the RDAP roadmap.
The Logical Layer of Digital Governance (Chinese)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
Strategic initiatives spanish 5 year plan poster april 2015ICANN
El documento presenta el Plan Estratégico de la ICANN para 2016-2020, el cual se centra en cinco objetivos estratégicos clave: 1) continuar globalizando y regionalizando a la ICANN, 2) sustentar un ecosistema seguro y flexible de identificadores únicos, 3) promover la excelencia operativa, tecnológica y organizativa, 4) fomentar el papel de múltiples partes interesadas en la ICANN, y 5) desarrollar un marco de interés público global. El plan busca ayudar a
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | FrenchICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
The document discusses ICANN's new meeting strategy. It notes that attendance and scheduled sessions have increased significantly since 2006. In 2013, ICANN created a working group to assess this growth and its impact. The working group recommended: 1) ensuring time for policy development while increasing cross-community interaction; 2) developing a flexible meeting structure; 3) evolving the A, B, C meeting structure and focus. It outlines the proposed structure and focus of each type of meeting. It also shows the regional rotation of meetings from 2016-2020.
Thick whois policy implementation meeting with the irt icann53ICANN
1) The document discusses the transition from thin to thick WHOIS for .COM, .NET, and .JOBS domains as well as implementing consistent labeling and display of WHOIS output for all gTLDs.
2) A legal review was conducted on applicable laws regarding transitioning from a thin to thick WHOIS model.
3) The timeline assumes legal review completion in 2015, design and public comment on implementation plans in 2015-2016, and implementation by affected parties starting in 2017.
Future of the Internet | Media Briefing from Bangkok, Thailand [19 August 2015]ICANN
Slides used at a media briefing to discuss "The Future of the Internet" in Bangkok, Thailand on 19 August. ICANN and local IT leaders discussed the continued development of the Internet's Domain Name System and Internet growth in the Asia Pacific region, how the region can increase Internet penetration and leverage the Internet more innovatively.
Three Layers of Digital Governance Infographic (English)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
ICANN coordinates the unique identifiers used across the internet such as domain names and IP addresses. It maintains registries containing these addresses to ensure the security, stability, and interoperability of the global internet. ICANN develops global internet policy through a multistakeholder process involving various stakeholders from the private sector, technical community, civil society and governments. It oversees the introduction of new top-level domains and expansion of consumer choice online.
The Logical Layer of Digital Governance (French)ICANN
Interested in Internet Governance? Dig into the new Internet Governance infographic to uncover more about the Internet Ecosystem. The infographic is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. Download a copy today!
Call for Volunteers: Accountability & Transparency Review Team_PTICANN
Este documento convoca voluntários para participar da terceira Equipe de Revisão de Responsabilidade e Transparência da ICANN (ATRT3). A ATRT3 irá analisar se a ICANN está sendo transparente e responsável perante a comunidade global e fará recomendações para melhorar seus processos. O documento descreve os objetivos, responsabilidades e benefícios de se tornar um membro da equipe de revisão.
Web-программирование
Лекция #1. Основы Web-технологий.
Цикл лекций читается в Омском государственном университете им. Ф.М.Достоевского на факультете компьютерных наук.
Лектор: Яковенко Кирилл Сергеевич.
Call for Volunteers: Accountability & Transparency Review Team_ESICANN
El documento es una convocatoria de voluntarios para formar parte del Tercer Equipo de Revisión sobre Responsabilidad y Transparencia (ATRT3) de la Corporación de Internet para la Asignación de Nombres y Números (ICANN). El ATRT3 analizará y realizará recomendaciones para garantizar que la ICANN sea una organización transparente y responsable ante la comunidad global. Los voluntarios deben tener conocimientos sobre evaluación de desempeño, gobernanza y mejora de procesos.
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | RussianICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | ArabicICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
ICANN Expected Standards of Behavior | ChineseICANN
Those who take part in ICANN's multistakeholder process, including Board, staff and all those involved in Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee councils undertake to...
Policy Development Process Infographic PortugueseICANN
O documento descreve os processos de desenvolvimento de políticas de múltiplas partes interessadas na ICANN, incluindo a Organização de Apoio a Nomes Genéricos, a Organização de Apoio a Nomes de Domínio com Código de País e a Organização de Apoio a Endereços. Esses processos envolvem a identificação de problemas, a formação de grupos de trabalho, a elaboração de relatórios e a votação final pelos conselhos e diretoria da ICANN.
Policy Development Process Infographic SpanishICANN
Este documento describe los procesos de desarrollo de políticas multisectoriales de la ICANN para nombres de dominio genéricos (gTLD), nombres de dominio de código de país (ccTLD) e IP. Explica que la GNSO, ccNSO y ASO supervisan los procesos de desarrollo de políticas para cada uno de estos sectores respectivamente a través de grupos de trabajo y períodos de comentarios públicos, con el objetivo de lograr consenso y presentar recomendaciones a la Junta Directiva de la ICANN.
Policy Development Process Infographic EnglishICANN
The document summarizes the multistakeholder policy development processes for three ICANN supporting organizations:
1) The Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) facilitates a bottom-up process for developing global policies relating to generic top-level domains (gTLDs) such as .com.
2) The Country Code Names Supporting Organization (ccNSO) develops global policies for country code top-level domains (ccTLDs) such as .uk through a defined policy development process.
3) The Address Supporting Organization (ASO) oversees the development of global Internet Protocol (IP) address policies through the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) in consultation with its Address Council
The Global Domains Division is the unit of ICANN that delivers IANA functions and engages the Internet community to implement ICANN policies for gTLDs through contracts and services.
GDD’s Consensus Policy Implementation Framework is designed to support predictability, accountability, transparency and efficiency in the Consensus Policy Implementation process.
The Global Domains Division is the unit of ICANN that delivers IANA functions and engages the Internet community to implement ICANN policies for gTLDs through contracts and services.
GDD’s Consensus Policy Implementation Framework is designed to support predictability, accountability, transparency and efficiency in the Consensus Policy Implementation process.
1. Для публичного использования. Разработано XPLANE по заказу ICANN. Версия 2.0 • 30 ноября 2015 года 2015 год | Лицензия Creative Commons — для некоммерческого использования
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СУБЪЕКТЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
ICANN Интернет-корпорация по присвоению имен и номеров
Помогает координировать систему уникальных идентификаторов
интернета, в том числе доменные имена и IP-адреса, а также управляет
регистратурами параметров протоколов IETF.
www.icann.org
IANA Администрация адресного пространства интернета,
представляет собой набор функций, размещенных и выполняемых в
ICANN. Она выступает в качестве распределителя верхнего уровня для
блоков IP-адресов и номеров AS, вносит предложения о создании и
изменении доменов верхнего уровня DNS, а также управляет списками
уникальных идентификаторов, используемых в интернет-протоколах.
www.iana.org
IETF Инженерная проектная группа интернета
Разрабатывает и продвигает широкий спектр стандартов интернета, в
частности, стандарты стека интернет-протоколов. Ее техническая
документация оказывает влияние на то, как осуществляется
проектирование, использование и управление интернетом. IETF
работает под эгидой Общества интернета (ISOC), а архитектурный
надзор осуществляет Совет по архитектуре интернета (IAB).
www.ietf.org
ISO Международная организация по стандартизации
Стандартизирует, помимо прочего, официальные названия и почтовые
индексы стран, зависимых территорий, особых географических зон.
www.iso.org
NRO Организация ресурсов нумерации
Координирующий орган пяти региональных интернет-регистратур
(RIR). Региональные интернет-регистратуры управляют
распределением IP-адресов и номеров автономных систем в
соответствующих регионах мира.
www.nro.net
AFRINIC www.afrinic.net
APNIC www.apnic.net
ARIN www.arin.net
Операторы TLD Операторы доменов верхнего уровня
Организации, назначенные для управления такими доменами
верхнего уровня, как: домены общего пользования верхнего уровня
(.com, .edu, .info, .name и так далее...), национальные домены верхнего
уровня (.fr, .us, .gh, .cn и так далее...) и домены верхнего уровня, где не
используется алфавит ASCII (в таких языках, как китайский, корейский,
арабский, русский, французский и так далее...) — кроме всего прочего.
Операторы корневых серверов
12 независимых организаций управляют 13 официальными серверами
имен (от А до М), обслуживающими корневую зону системы доменных
имен (DNS). Серверы имен представляют собой сеть из сотен
физических серверов, расположенных во множестве стран по всему
миру.
www.root-servers.org
W3C
Международный консорциум всемирной сети интернет представляет
собой международное сообщество, в котором организации-участники,
штатный персонал и общественность совместно разрабатывают
стандарты интернета. Миссия W3C состоит в полном раскрытии
потенциала интернета.
www.w3.org
СООБЩЕСТВО
ЗАИНТЕРЕСОВАННЫХ СТОРОН
И ЭКСПЕРТОВ
Научное сообщество
• Высшие учебные заведения
• Выдающиеся ученые
• Преподаватели и студенты
Бизнес
• Частные компании из
различных отраслей
• Промышленные и
торговые ассоциации
Гражданское
общество
• Международные
организации
• Неправительственные
организации
• Некоммерческие
организации
• Исследовательские центры
Государство
• Национальные
правительства
• Отдельные экономики,
признанные на
международной арене
• Международные
правительственные и
договорные организации
• Межправительственные
организации
• Государственные органы
(непосредственно
заинтересованные в
международном
управлении интернетом)
Пользователи
интернета
• Отдельные граждане,
заинтересованные в
региональном или
международном
управлении интернетом
Техническое
сообщество
• Интернет-инженеры
• Компьютерные инженеры
• Разработчики
программного
обеспечения
• Сетевые операторы
ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ
Техническое оперативное сообщество состоит из нескольких независимых
субъектов, объединенных общими принципами и взаимными обязательствами,
которые обеспечивают безопасность и стабильность инфраструктуры интернета.
Сообщество каждого из этих субъектов вырабатывает политику и стандарты с
использованием открытого, всестороннего и основанного на консенсусе подхода.
LACNIC www.lacnic.net
RIPE NCC www.ripe.net
РАЗРАБОТКА ПОЛИТИКИ, СПЕЦИФИКАЦИЙ И СТАНДАРТОВ
Операторы TLD
Операторы
корневых
серверов
Другие организации,
которые разрабатывают
относящиеся к IP стандарты
NRO ICANNIETF
(Находится в ISOC)
IANA
(W3C, ETSI, и т. д.)
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕСУБЪЕКТЫ
УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
СООБЩЕСТВО
ЗАИНТЕРЕСОВАННЫХ
СТОРОНИЭКСПЕРТОВ
ПОЛИТИКАИРЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ
ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ
СООБЩЕСТВО
НАУЧНОЕ СООБЩЕСТВО ПОЛЬЗОВАТЕЛИ
ИНТЕРНЕТА
ГРАЖДАНСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВОБИЗНЕС ГОСУДАРСТВО
ЛОГИЧЕСКИЙУРОВЕНЬ
ИМЕНА НОМЕРА
ИНТЕРНЕТ-
ПРОТОКОЛЫ
+ + =
ОБЩЕДОСТУПНЫЕ РЕГИСТРАТУРЫ ИДЕНТИФИКАТОРОВ
ИМЕНА ПРОТОКОЛЫНОМЕРА
КОРНЕВАЯ ЗОНА
IP-АДРЕСА
IPv4: более 4 миллиардов адресов.
IPv6: 340 ундециллионов
(триллионов триллионов
триллионов) адресов.
5 региональных интернет-
регистратур (RIR), координирующих
политику, связанную с ресурсами
адресов интернета.
ДОМЕННЫЕ ИМЕНА
Около 300 национальных доменов
верхнего уровня (ccTLD), таких как .fr,
.br, .us, ...
Более 600 доменов общего
пользования верхнего уровня (gTLD),
таких как .com, .biz, .realtor, ...
Более 1500 регистраторов доменных
имен, таких как GoDaddy, Network
Solutions, Register, ...
ПАРАМЕТРЫ ПРОТОКОЛОВ
Параметры протоколов представляют собой команды и
идентификаторы, используемые внутри протоколов,
структурированных сообщений, используемых в сети,
электронной почте и т. д. для передачи информации.
Эти параметры используются в стандартах,
определяемых группой IETF в сотрудничестве с другими
организациями, занимающимися стандартизацией,
такими как W3C, например TCP/IP, VoIP, HTTP, HTTPS.
КОРНЕВЫЕ СЛУЖБЫ
12 организаций из 4 стран
управляют 13 различными
корневыми серверами,
обеспечивающими работу
DNS-служб верхнего уровня
посредством сотен компьютеров в
десятках стран.
Около 500 копий с произвольной
адресацией по всему миру.
ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНЫЙ
УРОВЕНЬ
ПУНКТЫ
ОБМЕНА
ТРАФИКОМ
ИНТЕРНЕТА (IXP)
НАЗЕМНЫЕ
КАБЕЛИ
ПОДВОДНЫЕ
МОРСКИЕ
КАБЕЛИ
СПУТНИКИ
БЕСПРОВОДНЫЕ
СИСТЕМЫ
МАГИСТРАЛИ ИНТЕРНЕТА (IP-СЕТИ) 90% принадлежит частным международным компаниям
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ И
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ
УРОВЕНЬ
RIGHTS!
ЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВЫМ ПРОСТРАНСТВОМ
Над физической инфраструктурой, включающей тысячи сетей и спутников, расположен логический уровень интернета — то, что обеспечивает
единый интернет во всем мире за счет уникальных идентификаторов (имен, номеров и параметров протоколов). ICANN координирует
управление этим уровнем в партнерстве с другими техническими сообществами для обеспечения безопасности, стабильности,
отказоустойчивости и целостности этого критически важного уровня.