The document summarizes discussions that took place in various UN committees at the London MUN conference in 2016.
In the first committee discussing the war in Bosnia in 1993, delegates debated strategies like ceasefires and safe zones. The US supported a diplomatic solution but said a ceasefire was needed for peace talks.
The second committee addressed violence against women and made progress on draft resolutions. Delegates from various countries discussed domestic violence issues and solutions in their countries.
The document also describes some committees using languages other than English, like Arabic, French, and Spanish, and the experiences of delegates role-playing as historical figures in the late 19th century discussing business and politics.
Humanitarian crises and the management of Refugees in Central Africa (A case...Kempess
This article is a vivid study of the phenomenon, conditions and socio -economic situations of Refugees in Cameroon. With field interviews and in-depth research , the article It explores the causes of the refugee problem in Cameroon, dis into their living conditions and makes recommendations to Government, policy makers and international stakeholders for the improvement of the refugee treatments and better management of refugee crises in Cameroon and Africa.
Unarmed Civilian Protection Meets Sustainability - PresentationRotary International
Unarmed civilian protection (UCP) is the only practice that meets Rotary requirements for sustainability and fits with the the United Nations’ guidelines for world peacebuilding. It brings peace in armed warfare by preventing, reducing, and stopping violence. Learn how to adopt UCP practices, and how to keep people safe while they make their own decisions in a conflict.
Humanitarian crises and the management of Refugees in Central Africa (A case...Kempess
This article is a vivid study of the phenomenon, conditions and socio -economic situations of Refugees in Cameroon. With field interviews and in-depth research , the article It explores the causes of the refugee problem in Cameroon, dis into their living conditions and makes recommendations to Government, policy makers and international stakeholders for the improvement of the refugee treatments and better management of refugee crises in Cameroon and Africa.
Unarmed Civilian Protection Meets Sustainability - PresentationRotary International
Unarmed civilian protection (UCP) is the only practice that meets Rotary requirements for sustainability and fits with the the United Nations’ guidelines for world peacebuilding. It brings peace in armed warfare by preventing, reducing, and stopping violence. Learn how to adopt UCP practices, and how to keep people safe while they make their own decisions in a conflict.
Unity, Betrayal and Failed States in Modern TimesDr. Dan EKONGWE
The politics of identity and wars of fragmentation of states stern from broken promises by political leaders and state authorities to respect the convenants reached by founding fathers of most modern states thereby leading to increasing ethno/cultural nationalism and wars of identity. We have seen these across the literature from former Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, Rwanda, Sudan, Cameroon, Togo, Ghana, Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Ivory Coast.. The application of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in its pre UN non approval in Europe to the post application by UN in Lybia has given us the reason to believe that sustainable peace in each state must respect the foundation doctrine of which each country was created, else Africa in particular will continue to witnessed endless wars in age when drone technology and assymetric warfare has gained currency.
A short group assignment with Angela Bellington (Zambia) and Gibran Malik (Indonesia).
The presentation was on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). R2P is a concept that places the protection of citizens at the centre of its focus. A framework of action in response to mass atrocity crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing.
Everyday Democracy's Approach to Change and Website TourEveryday Democracy
Everyday Democracy helps communities build their own capacity for inclusive dialogue and positive change. Everyday Democracy’s ultimate aim is to create a national civic infrastructure that supports and values everyone’s voice and participation.
In this presentation, learn more about what Everyday Democracy does, hear about what we've learned over the years, hear some stories of our work, and get a tour of our new website.
Sexual and gender-based violence is widespread in conflict-affected environments. The field of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence is active and constantly expanding. Recent research and analysis are drawing attention to the complexity of this form of violence, reflecting a shift away from simplified narratives. They also point to the need for a more inclusive understanding of sexual violence, which acknowledges, for example, male victims and survivors, as well as the experiences and motivations of perpetrators.
The wealth of information, activity and debate that characterises this field can be daunting. This paper offers an introductory overview of conflict- related sexual and gender-based violence, in particular for those who are beginning their involvement with the subject—whether they are civilian, military or police. It examines a number of dominant patterns of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict-affected environments. It surveys a range of causes and motivations that can contribute to the perpetration of this form of violence, and explores persistent gaps and weaknesses in current efforts to deal with such violence. Throughout the report, where relevant, information is provided about what is being done to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence, with a sampling of efforts from the international, regional and domestic levels.
Armed conflicts and natural disasters are inherently gendered crises; they can affect women, men, girls and boys in profoundly different ways. It is increasingly accepted that understanding these differences—or adopting a gender perspective—improves the effectiveness of responses to these crises, as well as the efforts of policy-making, advocacy, research and training institutions that focus on them. A gender perspective is more frequently recognised as a core requirement for all personnel involved in these efforts. However, there are many who are expected to engage with gender issues, yet remain unfamiliar with them. For this audience, there is a dearth of literature that provides an introductory overview of gender issues in crisis environments.
This paper is intended to be an educational and awareness-raising resource for those who are beginning to engage with gender issues in crisis environments, whether they are civilian, military or police. It examines gender dimensions commonly observed in conflict and disaster environments, such as differences in casualty trends, risks, threats, vulnerabilities, needs, opportunities and stresses. It provides examples of the operational benefits of a gender perspective and the harmful consequences resulting from the absence of a gender perspective.
Historically, international humanitarian law (IHL) through the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 has required the protection of civilian populations in armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions provide guidance with regard to the obligations of states and parties to a conflict to apply the principle of distinction and to ensure precaution in attack as they pursue their military objectives. This was the first international legal framework to provide for the protection of civilians and forms the foundation of the ‘Protection of Civilians’ concept.
Throughout the 1990s, devastating failures to protect civilians from violence and atrocities shaped thinking at the United Nations (UN) and gave rise to a more expansive concept of Protection of Civilians, incorporating international human rights law, international refugee law, and including best practices in peacekeeping operations and humanitarian response. This is reflected in the adoption of Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict as a thematic concern of the UN Security Council, and the development of policy and guidance relating to civilian protection since 1999, at the United Nations and elsewhere. The term ‘Protection of Civilians’ has expanded from a set of legal obligations in IHL to a conceptual and operational framework used by multiple ‘protection actors’ and practitioners—military and civilian, political and humanitarian.
The concept of Protection of Civilians has developed in response to conflicts and crises as they emerged and as a result has developed unevenly. Combined with the fact that there is no operational definition of Protection of Civilians, there is a perception among protection practitioners that different actors involved in providing protection to people caught up in crisis understand and implement the concept differently. This perception raised questions among the researchers as to whether different understandings actually exist, and if so what the implications for the implementation of civilian protection might be. This gave rise to a research project titled In Search of Common Ground – Understanding Civilian Protection Language and Practice for Civil and Military Practitioners.
International responses to conflict and complex humanitarian emergencies are diverse and multifaceted. Different actors – among them non-government organisations (NGOs), the United Nations (UN) protection mandated organisations, UN peacekeeping forces, both military and police – all have a role to play to mitigate the impact of armed conflict on civilian populations.
Over the last 13 years a significant amount of work has been done to improve the international community’s response in relation to the protection of civilians (POC). This has been led by different actors – the UN Security Council, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the humanitarian community made up of UN humanitarian agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and NGOs – all working in the same complex humanitarian contexts.
Despite the development of POC, there is a perceived ‘disconnect’ between the understanding of different forms of protection, the different disciplines practising or working on the POC, and the different guidance and legal regimes imposing obligations on both state and non-state actors in the area of protection.
This paper is the first contribution to a broader research project that aims to determine whether the perceived disconnect between actors involved in protection work is real or anecdotal. By exploring the evolution of protection language and policy through the UN Security Council, DPKO and the humanitarian community, it is possible to develop an improved understanding of some of the reasons for distinct protection policies and definitions that exist between different actors. Some initial variations in the interpretation of POC are quick to emerge, giving rise to additional questions about how the distinctions can be better understood.
At the 2005 World Summit of the United Nations, more than 170 Heads of State and Government accepted three interlinked responsibilities, which together constitute the principle of ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P). First, States accepted their primary responsibility to protect their own population from mass atrocity crimes. Second, they pledged to assist each other in fulfilling their domestic protection responsibilities. And finally, as members of the international community, they assumed the collective responsibility to react, in a timely and decisive manner, if any State were ‘manifestly failing’ to protect its population from mass atrocity crimes. Those three responsibilities are now commonly summarised in the language of R2P’s ‘three pillars’.
Among the key constitutive elements of the principle of R2P, prevention has been deemed by many as the single most important. Scholars and policy-makers alike concede that it is both normatively and politically desirable to act early to prevent mass atrocity crimes from being committed—rather than to react after they are already underway. Yet, while the more general topic of conflict prevention has been—and continues to be—a subject of explicit discussion by policy-makers, an important field of inquiry for academics, and a crucial area of advocacy for civil society groups, there has been comparatively less attention paid to the prevention of the four specific crimes related to R2P. Too often, as in the original report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, there is an assumption that more general conflict prevention concepts and frameworks can be borrowed for the purpose of thinking strategically about what the prevention of R2P crimes entails. However, this way of conceptualising R2P’s prevention dimension is increasingly being challenged. As the International Peace Institute notes in a 2009 report: ‘The references to genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity … give [Responsibility to Protect] a distinctive focus and imperative.’ This working paper seeks to develop a more specific strategic framework for the prevention of mass atrocity crimes, which can serve to inform the use of particular prevention tools.
SIS India is the best boarding school in Mumbai, India for your child. Singapore International School and the delegates of SISMUN 2014 were graced by the presence of the esteemed guest Anil Kapoor.
Unity, Betrayal and Failed States in Modern TimesDr. Dan EKONGWE
The politics of identity and wars of fragmentation of states stern from broken promises by political leaders and state authorities to respect the convenants reached by founding fathers of most modern states thereby leading to increasing ethno/cultural nationalism and wars of identity. We have seen these across the literature from former Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, Rwanda, Sudan, Cameroon, Togo, Ghana, Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Ivory Coast.. The application of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in its pre UN non approval in Europe to the post application by UN in Lybia has given us the reason to believe that sustainable peace in each state must respect the foundation doctrine of which each country was created, else Africa in particular will continue to witnessed endless wars in age when drone technology and assymetric warfare has gained currency.
A short group assignment with Angela Bellington (Zambia) and Gibran Malik (Indonesia).
The presentation was on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). R2P is a concept that places the protection of citizens at the centre of its focus. A framework of action in response to mass atrocity crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing.
Everyday Democracy's Approach to Change and Website TourEveryday Democracy
Everyday Democracy helps communities build their own capacity for inclusive dialogue and positive change. Everyday Democracy’s ultimate aim is to create a national civic infrastructure that supports and values everyone’s voice and participation.
In this presentation, learn more about what Everyday Democracy does, hear about what we've learned over the years, hear some stories of our work, and get a tour of our new website.
Sexual and gender-based violence is widespread in conflict-affected environments. The field of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence is active and constantly expanding. Recent research and analysis are drawing attention to the complexity of this form of violence, reflecting a shift away from simplified narratives. They also point to the need for a more inclusive understanding of sexual violence, which acknowledges, for example, male victims and survivors, as well as the experiences and motivations of perpetrators.
The wealth of information, activity and debate that characterises this field can be daunting. This paper offers an introductory overview of conflict- related sexual and gender-based violence, in particular for those who are beginning their involvement with the subject—whether they are civilian, military or police. It examines a number of dominant patterns of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict-affected environments. It surveys a range of causes and motivations that can contribute to the perpetration of this form of violence, and explores persistent gaps and weaknesses in current efforts to deal with such violence. Throughout the report, where relevant, information is provided about what is being done to prevent and respond to conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence, with a sampling of efforts from the international, regional and domestic levels.
Armed conflicts and natural disasters are inherently gendered crises; they can affect women, men, girls and boys in profoundly different ways. It is increasingly accepted that understanding these differences—or adopting a gender perspective—improves the effectiveness of responses to these crises, as well as the efforts of policy-making, advocacy, research and training institutions that focus on them. A gender perspective is more frequently recognised as a core requirement for all personnel involved in these efforts. However, there are many who are expected to engage with gender issues, yet remain unfamiliar with them. For this audience, there is a dearth of literature that provides an introductory overview of gender issues in crisis environments.
This paper is intended to be an educational and awareness-raising resource for those who are beginning to engage with gender issues in crisis environments, whether they are civilian, military or police. It examines gender dimensions commonly observed in conflict and disaster environments, such as differences in casualty trends, risks, threats, vulnerabilities, needs, opportunities and stresses. It provides examples of the operational benefits of a gender perspective and the harmful consequences resulting from the absence of a gender perspective.
Historically, international humanitarian law (IHL) through the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 has required the protection of civilian populations in armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions provide guidance with regard to the obligations of states and parties to a conflict to apply the principle of distinction and to ensure precaution in attack as they pursue their military objectives. This was the first international legal framework to provide for the protection of civilians and forms the foundation of the ‘Protection of Civilians’ concept.
Throughout the 1990s, devastating failures to protect civilians from violence and atrocities shaped thinking at the United Nations (UN) and gave rise to a more expansive concept of Protection of Civilians, incorporating international human rights law, international refugee law, and including best practices in peacekeeping operations and humanitarian response. This is reflected in the adoption of Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict as a thematic concern of the UN Security Council, and the development of policy and guidance relating to civilian protection since 1999, at the United Nations and elsewhere. The term ‘Protection of Civilians’ has expanded from a set of legal obligations in IHL to a conceptual and operational framework used by multiple ‘protection actors’ and practitioners—military and civilian, political and humanitarian.
The concept of Protection of Civilians has developed in response to conflicts and crises as they emerged and as a result has developed unevenly. Combined with the fact that there is no operational definition of Protection of Civilians, there is a perception among protection practitioners that different actors involved in providing protection to people caught up in crisis understand and implement the concept differently. This perception raised questions among the researchers as to whether different understandings actually exist, and if so what the implications for the implementation of civilian protection might be. This gave rise to a research project titled In Search of Common Ground – Understanding Civilian Protection Language and Practice for Civil and Military Practitioners.
International responses to conflict and complex humanitarian emergencies are diverse and multifaceted. Different actors – among them non-government organisations (NGOs), the United Nations (UN) protection mandated organisations, UN peacekeeping forces, both military and police – all have a role to play to mitigate the impact of armed conflict on civilian populations.
Over the last 13 years a significant amount of work has been done to improve the international community’s response in relation to the protection of civilians (POC). This has been led by different actors – the UN Security Council, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the humanitarian community made up of UN humanitarian agencies, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and NGOs – all working in the same complex humanitarian contexts.
Despite the development of POC, there is a perceived ‘disconnect’ between the understanding of different forms of protection, the different disciplines practising or working on the POC, and the different guidance and legal regimes imposing obligations on both state and non-state actors in the area of protection.
This paper is the first contribution to a broader research project that aims to determine whether the perceived disconnect between actors involved in protection work is real or anecdotal. By exploring the evolution of protection language and policy through the UN Security Council, DPKO and the humanitarian community, it is possible to develop an improved understanding of some of the reasons for distinct protection policies and definitions that exist between different actors. Some initial variations in the interpretation of POC are quick to emerge, giving rise to additional questions about how the distinctions can be better understood.
At the 2005 World Summit of the United Nations, more than 170 Heads of State and Government accepted three interlinked responsibilities, which together constitute the principle of ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P). First, States accepted their primary responsibility to protect their own population from mass atrocity crimes. Second, they pledged to assist each other in fulfilling their domestic protection responsibilities. And finally, as members of the international community, they assumed the collective responsibility to react, in a timely and decisive manner, if any State were ‘manifestly failing’ to protect its population from mass atrocity crimes. Those three responsibilities are now commonly summarised in the language of R2P’s ‘three pillars’.
Among the key constitutive elements of the principle of R2P, prevention has been deemed by many as the single most important. Scholars and policy-makers alike concede that it is both normatively and politically desirable to act early to prevent mass atrocity crimes from being committed—rather than to react after they are already underway. Yet, while the more general topic of conflict prevention has been—and continues to be—a subject of explicit discussion by policy-makers, an important field of inquiry for academics, and a crucial area of advocacy for civil society groups, there has been comparatively less attention paid to the prevention of the four specific crimes related to R2P. Too often, as in the original report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, there is an assumption that more general conflict prevention concepts and frameworks can be borrowed for the purpose of thinking strategically about what the prevention of R2P crimes entails. However, this way of conceptualising R2P’s prevention dimension is increasingly being challenged. As the International Peace Institute notes in a 2009 report: ‘The references to genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity … give [Responsibility to Protect] a distinctive focus and imperative.’ This working paper seeks to develop a more specific strategic framework for the prevention of mass atrocity crimes, which can serve to inform the use of particular prevention tools.
SIS India is the best boarding school in Mumbai, India for your child. Singapore International School and the delegates of SISMUN 2014 were graced by the presence of the esteemed guest Anil Kapoor.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/index.html
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2. In the spirit of the internationalism LIM-
UN is hosting committees working in other
languages than English.
Indeed, alongside French and Spanish
speaking committees, LIMUN has intro-
duced for the first time an Arabic-speaking
committee: the League of Arab states.
I went to have a look at them despite the
fact I have any basic knowledge of Arab.
Surprisingly the delegates were talking
in English because, the director explained to
me, they are allowed to use English during
informal session in order to facilitate the ne-
gotiations. Indeed, although the delegates
were native speakers, they spoke different
dialects and found difficult to use the offi-
cial Arab.
‘It’s challenging but we’re getting better
bit by bit and everyone is trying very hard to
make a good job,’ a second year law student
representing Sudan told me.
The Assistant Director and Director con-
firmed that at the start there were several
difficulties, but now ‘they are doing pretty
well.’
Acknowledging the different levels of
language, the chairs maintained Arab as
their first language in the formal procedural
parts of negotiations, but they don’t penalise
the delegates who slips into English during
their talks.
As scheduled, the European Council
started its negotiations on the response to
the refugee crisis entirely in French.
Entering the room, the delegates looked
at me as if I was an alien: the feeling was
soon mutual.
Overall, they spoke a fluent French,
which was quite easy to follow in the formal
procedures, but much harder in the content
of the discussion over the refugee’s crisis.
On the opposite direction, the Communi-
ty of Latin American and Caribbean States
(CELAC) proposed to shift from Spanish,
the planned language, to English, but the
motionwasrejected.Yet,thedelegatesdidn’t
seem dramatically uncomfortable with the
language: apart from some uncertainties,
they spoke Spanish very well, which is re-
markable considering that for some of them
Spanish might be even their third language.
During the discussion, a delegate com-
plained that the use of word ‘super’ is not
Spanish, the chair answered that it’s inter-
nationally acceptable but reminded the del-
egates to maintain a diplomatic tone in the
talking.
‘It’s extremely interesting experience. I
chose LIMUN because I heard they would
have an Arab-speaking committees. I’m
delegate of Algeria: before the conference, I
didn’t know that much of knowledge on this
country. It was challenging but rewarding,’
said the delegate from Algeria.
Both EC and the CELAC showed a differ-
ent side of the LIMUN: young, polyglot and
grasping on the key issues of global politics.
A2 • INTERNATIONAL NEWS THE LIMUN TIMES • 27 FEBRUARY 2016
NON-ENGLISH SPEAKERS LOLLYWOOD
Simulating in other languages
One journalist’s experiences listening to foreign words
VALERIA VIGILANTE
THE NEW YORK TIMES (NEW YORK, USA)
Model Cosplay?
Delegates role-playing historical drama
KEVIN ROCHE
LONDON, UK
Tweed jackets, tobacco pipes and top hats may no longer be in vogue
but for members of the historical crisis committee these items are quint-
essential to the era they are portraying.
‘We want to change history. We can bribe politicians, we can assassi-
nate each other, we can conduct corporate espionage, and we can work
together… if we want to,’ explains Imad Rizkallah.
Speaking with Imad Rizkallah, a law student from Queen Mary, Uni-
versity of London, he is portraying John Harjes, an American banker
living in France, explained the process of his committee and their focus.
‘The competition is between JP Morgan, Rockefeller, Carnegie and
the American judiciary,’ he said. The historical crisis committee is por-
traying events of the late 19th century.
Sultan Kazi, another member of the crisis committee, talked about
the unfortunate dilemma facing his character, Horace Bartine. ‘I was
impeached after being offered a bribe. I tried to argue my case in front
of the judiciary but they rejected my appeal. Currently I’m in limbo. If I
am impeached then I can no longer continue as my character. I applied
for a job with JP Morgan and Rockefeller. If I don’t receive a new job
then I may have to respawn as a new character.’
Montana Hunter, who is participating in the crisis backroom says,
‘This type of simulation is fantastic. It is similar to military or corporate
simulations that are developed to train people about world relations,
and allows people to practice their negotiation skills. Usually at these
sorts of crises involve military scenarios and this is exciting since it is
non-military crisis and an area not often talked about.
At the time of press, Horace Baltine was since been killed off and has
returned with a new identity as the first worker on the Carnegie board
of directors in history.
• P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E L I M O N E Y E
Valeria Vigilante goes undercover as an investigative jouralist to uncover all the secret
news taking place within the committees that don’t speak English.