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- 3. HOW DOES PHILOSOPHYVIEW THE NATURE OF MAN? • MAN - refers to the entire human race. • HUMAN - refers to man as a species (homo sapiens sapiens) or modern human beings. • PERSON -more complex; refers to a human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection and responsibilities.
- 4. THE NATURE OFMAN •BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
- 5. THE NATURE OFMAN •BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - Considers man as part of the natural world and a product of evolution. - Homo Sapiens Sapiens - States that humans are closely related to primates, especially apes, but have developed distinct physical features such as: A. Bipedalism C. smaller jaws and teeth B. highly developed hands D. larger and more developed brain
- 6. THE NATURE OFMAN •BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - PRIMAL INSTINCTS - Additional traits distinct for humans: a. planning and intentional action d. Technology b. innovation and creativity e. symbolic interaction c. communication
- 7. THE NATURE OFMAN •BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE CULTURE
- 8. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
- 9. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - Emphasizes on human behavior and thought processes - States that man has mental faculties that enables him to possess: Awareness Sense of Self Perceive Experience
- 10. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: PSYCHE Refers to the human mind.
- 11. CONSCIOUS PSYCHE UNCONSCIOUS governs awareness latent orrepressed emotions, thoughts and desires
- 12. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: RATIONALITY The state of being reasonable
- 14. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: INTELLIGENCE Perceive information, store knowledge, application
- 16. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: INTROSPECTION Examine one’s own conscious thoughts, feelings and mental state. Capacity to reflect.
- 18. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: COGNITION Ability to perceive and experience reality through the physical body that enables the self to form one’s consciousness.
- 19. THE NATURE OFMAN •PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE MENTAL FACULTIES AND CAPABILITIES OF MAN INCLUDE: COGNITION ENACTIVISM States that cognition arises through the interaction between an organism and its environment.
- 20. THE NATURE OFMAN •ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE - Focuses on man’s ability to engage in productive activities in an effort to meet his wants and needs. - Homo Economicus (19th century) - Man is a productive being and it’s primary role is to produce and engage in labor.
- 21. THE NATURE OFMAN •SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE
- 22. THE NATURE OFMAN • SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE - This view believes that no individual is fully self-sufficient; thus human beings is always inclined to coexist with other parts of the community, - SOCIETY - Humans are integrated to the society to the point that they cannot function apart it.
- 23. THE NATURE OFMAN •THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
- 24. THE NATURE OFMAN •THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - Considers man as God’s Creation - Man is considered to have a special relationship with the creator.
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- 26. THE HUMAN PERSON •Refers to the individual, and all the attributes and characteristics that set him or her apart from other human beings. SELF IDENTITY PERSONHOOD
- 27. SELF • One ofthe most unique traits of humans is the awareness of self. • SENTIENCE – ability to feel and experience; react to stimulus • NATURE OF SELF INNATE EMERGENT INTEGRATED AND DEVELOPING
- 28. IDENTITY •Distinct personality ofan individual. •Personal Identity is composed of: a. Physical Characteristics d. Memories b. Mental attributes e. Ideas c. Experiences f. Views
- 29. PERSONHOOD •Recognition of ahuman being as a distinct entity.
- 30. JUSTIFICATION OF PERSONHOOD •THE PERSONAS AN “AUTONOMOUS BEING” - Human beings are considered person of he/she possesses the ability to determine his or her life through “reasoned free choice”
- 31. JUSTIFICATION OF PERSONHOOD •THE PERSONAS A “UNIFIED INDIVIDUAL” - Emphasizes the potential of the human being and recognizes that each human possesses the means to achieve his or her capabilities.
- 32. JUSTIFICATION OF PERSONHOOD •THE PERSON“IN RELATION TO OTHERS” - Human being becomes a person through interactions with other human beings.
- 33. TIMES WHEN PEOPLE MAYNOT BE RECOGNIZED AS A PERSON.
- 34. PEOPLE WHO ARE INCOMATOSE SLAVES
- 35. WOMEN IN ANCIENTGREECE •It was only in the 19th Century that women were given the right to vote and participate in the government. AFRICAN SLAVES (18th Century) •Were considered subhuman and considered equivalent to only 3/5 of a person.
- 36. •May be recognizedas persons given that they possess certain cognitive faculties similar to humans.
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