Revolution of internet.

1. Announcements
• Dr. Gerald Urquhart
• Developed LBS 126

2. Internet and World Wide Web
• Which came first - Internet or WWW?

3. The Internet
• Internet is a network of interconnected
computers that is now global
• Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET
• 1969 ARPANET was connection of
computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB,
Univ. of Utah

4. State of computers?
• What was the state of computers in the late
1960s and early 1970s?

5. Computers late 60s & 70s
• No Personal Computers – all
large mainframe computers
in late 60s
• Mid 1970s – initial personal
computers
– Altair: Box with blinking
lights
• Late 1970s – Apple 2, first
usable PC

6. Personal Computing?
• Just a box with
blinking lights
• Not where
Networking/ Internet
was being developed

7. Internet - 1970s
• 1972 - Telnet developed as a way to connect to
remote computer
• 1972 – Email introduced
– 1977 - U. Wisconsin has first “large” Email system -
100 users
• 1973 - ARPANET goes international
• 1973 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) established

8. State of computers?
• What was the state of computers in the
early 1980s?

9. Computers 1980s
• 1981 – IBM PC
• 1984 – Apple Macintosh
• 1986 – Modem becomes option on PCs

10. Internet - 1980s
• 1984 - Domain Name Server(DNS)
introduced
– allows naming of hosts, no longer numeric
• 1986 - NSFNET created
– in 1990, becomes backbone of modern Internet
when ARPANET is decommissioned
– Completely privatized by 1995
– 56 K interconnection initially, increased rapidly

11. Internet Timeline
Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard
Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolff. A Brief
History of the Internet. Internet Society.
http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml NSF Net

12. Internet 1990s
• 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases,
• World Wide Web!
– TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab in
Europe (new book Weaving the Web by TBL)
• 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by
graduate students at University of Illinois
– first point-and-click browser
– later developed into Netscape Navigator
• These are the two most significant events in the formation of the WWW

13. World Wide Web
• Via Internet, computers can contact each
other.
• Public files on computers can be read by
remote user.
– usually HyperText Markup Language (.html)
• URL - Universal Resource Locator - is
name of file on a remote computer
• http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html

14. HTTP
• World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers,
better known as web server.
• Receive HTTP type request and send
requested file in packets.

15. Web Browsers
• Mosaic (1993) was first point-and-click
browser.
• Web browsers are the software we use to view
web pages.
• Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer are most
popular.
• Netscape Navigator was original, but Microsoft
leveraged IE on market.

16. State of computers?
• What was the state of computers in the
early to mid 1990s?

17. Computer History – 1990s
• Windows 95 GUI made computing easier for PC-
bound masses.
• Windows 95 + Internet (AOL, others)  Huge
increase in number of home PCs.
• Computer on every desk in workplace.

18. Universal Resource Locator
http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html
www.msu.edu
Domain Name -
name of remote computer
http://
identifies type
of transfer
/~urquhar5/tour/active.html
File Location on Remote Computer

19. 21st
Century – File Sharing
• Internet allowed sharing of simple
information
• FTP was initial file sharing system, but a bit
hard to use
• WWW advanced type of info allowed, but
not designed for file-sharing
• Napster, KaZaA, Morpheus and LimeWire
are file-sharing.

20. Napster
• Napster was a music sharing community.
• Used a central server to catalog who had
what.
• This central server violated music
industry’s copyrights.
• Napster now screens transfers to see if they
are copyrighted material.

21. Peer to Peer
• Peer to Peer (P2P) file sharing.
• LimeWire is good one.
• KaZaA is faster and more advanced.
• Kazaa Lite is preferred by many.
• Morpheus is modified KaZaA for Music City Network –
really messed up these days.
• Each person has a “node” that advertises his or her files.
• Supernodes – compile lists of what nodes have.

22. Collapse of the Information Economy
• Huge economic growth in late 1990s was due to
“prospecting” on up-and-coming Internet
companies.
• Most were never profitable
– Amazon.com just posted its first Annual Profit (2003)
since going public in 1997!
• Major Internet Backbone Providers (Worldcom,
Global Crossing) are struggling

23. What is WWW?
• Via Internet, computers can contact each other
• Public files on computers can be read by remote
user
– usually HyperText Markup Language (.html)
• HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
• URL - Universal Resource Locator - is name of
file on a remote computer
• http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html

24. How to make a web page
• Define the two basic steps required in
making a web page.

25. Two Basic Steps
• Create an HTML File
• Upload file to server
– Saving to P: drive eliminates this step

26. .html
• Web documents are text files with .html
extension
• These text files have HTML “tags” in them

27. HTML Tags
• Each opening HTML tag has a closing
HTML tag that matches it.
– <P> for begin paragraph is followed by </P>
for end paragraph
– <P> goes at beginning of paragraph
– </P> goes at end of paragraph

28. Example of Tags
• <P>Here is the paragraph about
something</P><P>Here is the second
paragraph</P>
What it will look like:
Here is the paragraph about something.
Here is the second paragraph.

29. Essential HTML Tags
• <HTML> begins HTML document
• <BODY> begins body of document
• <H1>Here’s a header in big type</H1>
• <P>Here’s a paragraph</P>
• </BODY> ends body
• </HTML> ends HTML document

30. Browser Output of Page
If you opened that page in Netscape Navigator, it would look
like this:
http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/126/lectures/viewsource.html
Here’s a header in big type
Here’s a paragraph

31. View Page Source
• Using “View Page Source” allows you to
see the HTML behind a page
• When we get into advanced HTML pages,
this can be really important for learning
how someone did something
• http://puffin.bird.audubon.org/

32. File Transfer Protocol
• FTP Program (also called FTP client) used to transfer
files from your computer to your public web directory
housed on the MSU computers
• WS_FTP LE is a good, free FTP program
• In MSU Labs, can directly save stuff in your AFS space,
on the P: drive, in the web directory

33. Your personal web space
• Http://www.msu.edu/~pilotname/index.html
• Three steps:
– Make your pilot web space public (in advanced
features)
– Create a file named index.html
– Use FTP to transfer a file named index.html into your
web directory

34. Netscape Composer
• Netscape Composer allows WYSIWYG
(what-you-see-is-what-you-get) editing of
web pages
• Controls similar to Microsoft word – font
formatting, colors, etc.

35. Macromedia Dreamweaver
• Excellent Site Building Tool
• Allows organization of files, ftp, and
WYSIWYG editing all-in-one

36. Microsoft Front Page
• All-in-One program like Dreamweaver.
• Uses “proprietary tags” that can’t be read by
some browsers (Netscape).
• Uses non-standard HTML, style sheets, etc.