The issue in all the essays is the connection between the energy policies of various countries, their foreign policies, and the wars that break out at various parts of the globe, since all three are closely related.
1) The document discusses the doctrine of Neo-Ottomanism promoted by Turkish leaders Erdogan and Davutoglu to extend Turkey's influence in a manner similar to the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century.
2) It describes Turkey's influence over Sunni parts of Syria and Iraq through support of ISIS, military bases in Qatar, and financial support from Saudi Arabia, making Erdogan the "undisputed Sultan of the Sunni world."
3) However, Turkey's neo-Ottoman ambitions have put it in conflict with the U.S., Russia, and several countries in the Middle East and Europe.
Before World War 1, Germany and Austria supported the Ottoman Empire and promoted Pan-Islamism in Africa to counter British and French control. After World War 1, the British and French gained even more control over Africa and the Middle East. During World War 2, Hitler continued the Kaiser's policy of collaborating with Islamists, including the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, to counter British and French influence as Germany had during World War 1. After World War 2, Western countries sometimes supported Islamists against Soviet-backed socialist rulers in the Middle East, while Russia now supports some Islamists against Western interests. The geopolitical relationships between world powers and Islamist groups have shifted over time based on changing strategic interests.
Germany's Role in the Rise of Lenin and the Russian Communismiakovosal
- Germany supported and financed Russian communists like Lenin before WWI in order to weaken Russia, their rival empire.
- Winston Churchill described Germany sending Lenin into Russia "like sending a phial of cholera or typhoid into a city's water supply."
- This German "investment" paid off when the communists seized power in 1917 and took Russia out of the war, weakening the allies and helping Germany despite their eventual defeat.
1) Poland's geographical position as a gateway between Russia and Europe has made it strategically important. Its invasion was a key objective for both German and Russian forces in World War 2.
2) Poland fears becoming caught between Germany and Russia in future conflicts. It seeks strong NATO support to deter Russian aggression but would be vulnerable if isolated.
3) Finland's position bordering Russia also concerns Poland and NATO regarding Russia's intentions and potential escalation of conflicts.
The US, Russia, China Triangle and the Fall of the Soviet Unioniakovosal
The geopolitical landscape was changing as China moved closer to the USA and away from the Soviet Union starting in 1979, while Europe moved closer to Russia. This was due to the USA investing in China to pull it away from the Soviets and benefit from cheap Chinese labor, while Russia saw breaking up the Soviet Union as a way to export oil and gas to Europe to increase Russian influence there. The breakup was orchestrated by the KGB to allow Russian oil and gas exports for revenue and influence, as the KGB controlled the Soviet economy and promoted reformer Mikhail Gorbachev as Soviet leader to dismantle the USSR.
Siberians feel neglected by Moscow and believe resources from their region primarily benefit Moscow. Siberia contributes significantly to tax revenues but receives little investment. There is a growing separatist sentiment in Siberia, though independence could allow China to gain influence and block Russian oil and gas exports to Europe. Maintaining Russian control over Siberia protects European energy security.
Turkey has problematic relations with France, Germany, and Libya. Turkey disagrees with Germany and France over their influence on Muslim populations in Europe and their opposition to Turkey joining the EU. France and Turkey also disagree over France's ban on burqas and recognition of the Armenian genocide. When France led attacks on Libya in 2011, Turkey was unhappy as it wanted a larger role in post-Qaddafi Libya and supported different factions than France. Turkey has sought alternatives to relying on Russia for natural gas and faces resistance from Germany.
This document provides an example layout for the front cover of a magazine and describes some key design elements. It suggests placing the main image in the center of the cover surrounded by overlapping cover lines on both sides. Below the main image would be the main cover line linked to the article. The cover could also include special offers and charts. The inside pages would have page numbers, article titles, additional images, and content divided into columns.
1) The document discusses the doctrine of Neo-Ottomanism promoted by Turkish leaders Erdogan and Davutoglu to extend Turkey's influence in a manner similar to the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century.
2) It describes Turkey's influence over Sunni parts of Syria and Iraq through support of ISIS, military bases in Qatar, and financial support from Saudi Arabia, making Erdogan the "undisputed Sultan of the Sunni world."
3) However, Turkey's neo-Ottoman ambitions have put it in conflict with the U.S., Russia, and several countries in the Middle East and Europe.
Before World War 1, Germany and Austria supported the Ottoman Empire and promoted Pan-Islamism in Africa to counter British and French control. After World War 1, the British and French gained even more control over Africa and the Middle East. During World War 2, Hitler continued the Kaiser's policy of collaborating with Islamists, including the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, to counter British and French influence as Germany had during World War 1. After World War 2, Western countries sometimes supported Islamists against Soviet-backed socialist rulers in the Middle East, while Russia now supports some Islamists against Western interests. The geopolitical relationships between world powers and Islamist groups have shifted over time based on changing strategic interests.
Germany's Role in the Rise of Lenin and the Russian Communismiakovosal
- Germany supported and financed Russian communists like Lenin before WWI in order to weaken Russia, their rival empire.
- Winston Churchill described Germany sending Lenin into Russia "like sending a phial of cholera or typhoid into a city's water supply."
- This German "investment" paid off when the communists seized power in 1917 and took Russia out of the war, weakening the allies and helping Germany despite their eventual defeat.
1) Poland's geographical position as a gateway between Russia and Europe has made it strategically important. Its invasion was a key objective for both German and Russian forces in World War 2.
2) Poland fears becoming caught between Germany and Russia in future conflicts. It seeks strong NATO support to deter Russian aggression but would be vulnerable if isolated.
3) Finland's position bordering Russia also concerns Poland and NATO regarding Russia's intentions and potential escalation of conflicts.
The US, Russia, China Triangle and the Fall of the Soviet Unioniakovosal
The geopolitical landscape was changing as China moved closer to the USA and away from the Soviet Union starting in 1979, while Europe moved closer to Russia. This was due to the USA investing in China to pull it away from the Soviets and benefit from cheap Chinese labor, while Russia saw breaking up the Soviet Union as a way to export oil and gas to Europe to increase Russian influence there. The breakup was orchestrated by the KGB to allow Russian oil and gas exports for revenue and influence, as the KGB controlled the Soviet economy and promoted reformer Mikhail Gorbachev as Soviet leader to dismantle the USSR.
Siberians feel neglected by Moscow and believe resources from their region primarily benefit Moscow. Siberia contributes significantly to tax revenues but receives little investment. There is a growing separatist sentiment in Siberia, though independence could allow China to gain influence and block Russian oil and gas exports to Europe. Maintaining Russian control over Siberia protects European energy security.
Turkey has problematic relations with France, Germany, and Libya. Turkey disagrees with Germany and France over their influence on Muslim populations in Europe and their opposition to Turkey joining the EU. France and Turkey also disagree over France's ban on burqas and recognition of the Armenian genocide. When France led attacks on Libya in 2011, Turkey was unhappy as it wanted a larger role in post-Qaddafi Libya and supported different factions than France. Turkey has sought alternatives to relying on Russia for natural gas and faces resistance from Germany.
This document provides an example layout for the front cover of a magazine and describes some key design elements. It suggests placing the main image in the center of the cover surrounded by overlapping cover lines on both sides. Below the main image would be the main cover line linked to the article. The cover could also include special offers and charts. The inside pages would have page numbers, article titles, additional images, and content divided into columns.
The Afghan Oil Pipeline and the US Negotiations with the Talibaniakovosal
This document summarizes negotiations between the US and the Taliban in the 1990s regarding proposed oil and gas pipelines from Central Asia through Afghanistan. It discusses how the pipelines could benefit both countries economically but were opposed by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Al Qaeda. The US offered diplomatic recognition of the Taliban in exchange for allowing pipeline construction, but talks broke down after Al Qaeda's 1998 embassy bombings in Africa. Negotiations continued under President Bush but were ultimately derailed by the 9/11 attacks. The document reveals that Al Qaeda closely monitored the pipeline negotiations and sought to sabotage them to maintain its alliance with the Taliban.
The geopolitics of energy & terrorism part 9iakovosal
This document provides background information on geopolitical issues related to energy and terrorism. It discusses the ethnic groups and borders in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia and China. It describes how the Taliban are comprised mainly of Pashtuns from Afghanistan and Pakistan. It also discusses how the "Great Game" between Britain and Russia evolved into the "New Great Game" between global powers competing for influence and access to oil/gas in Central Asia after the Soviet collapse. Additionally, it details Germany's role in supporting Lenin and the rise of Russian communism before WWI to weaken their rival, the Russian Empire.
Compensated Mass Balance Method For Oil Pipeline Leakage Detection using SCADACSCJournals
This document describes a study that aims to implement a cost-effective pipeline leakage detection method using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. It discusses different leakage detection methods including pressure monitoring and mass balancing. The proposed method is a compensated mass balance approach that uses SCADA data and transient pipeline modeling to calculate inventory changes and detect imbalances indicating leaks. The method is simulated using Rockwell Automation software to build a SCADA system model and apply real-time transient modeling techniques to detect leaks. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
The Geopolitics of Energy and Terrorism Part 10iakovosal
Τhe connection between the energy policies of various countries with the wars that break out at various parts of the world, i.e. at the Middle East and North Africa etc
Contolling Costs And Risks In Construction Of The Trans Alaska Oil PipelineWayne Holley
For several years I worked on the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline, first as a surveyor and later as a systems analyst. A few weeks ago, in my Controlling Project Costs and Risks class at University of California San Diego, we were assigned to write a short paper connecting a project with the class material. I chose to write about the pipeline project.
- Russia is a major global energy producer and exporter, holding the largest natural gas reserves and being the largest gas exporter in the world. It relies heavily on gas exports to Europe.
- Russia has taken steps to solidify its position as a key European energy supplier through pipelines like Nord Stream and planned South Stream, aiming to reduce reliance on Ukraine for gas transit. However, Western powers seek to decrease European dependence on Russian gas.
- Geopolitical conflicts between Russia and the West, like those in Ukraine and Syria, have an energy dimension as they involve control over gas infrastructure and pipelines transporting gas out of the region.
Conference on "Africa at the center of the new geopolitics of energy"Ahlam Namir
We are pleased to inform you that the African Academy of Energy (ACAFE) will hold a conference on "Africa at the center of the new geopolitics of energy" followed by a training session on the General Situation of the Energy Sector and Oil with a focus on refining and marketing in 2014.
The event will be lead on September 2nd and 3rd by Mr. Jean-Pierre FAVENNEC, Consultant at WDCooperation and president for the association of Energy Development in Africa, and will take place at ACAFE conference room.
Done by Group: Wakrag_rock8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Fighting corrosion in oil pipeline.
The Caspian region is seeing renewed interest and opportunities for oil and gas M&A deals in 2011. Acquisition multiples in Kazakhstan fell significantly from 2007-2009 but have room to recover as risks associated with contract renegotiations primarily affect major projects, not smaller producers. Several sizable producing assets valued over $1 billion remain available at reasonable multiples and have been on the market since 2009. The gap between seller expectations and acquirer spending ability post-recession is shrinking, and a few larger deals are expected to close in early 2011. Small cap explorers are also obtaining funding for higher-risk exploration projects.
Germany, France, and Russia have historically been in competition for power in Europe along a fertile corridor connecting France through Germany to Russia. Before 1871, France and Russia were the main powers along this corridor, but Germany's unification created a new rival for both countries. This established a dynamic of the two countries allying against Germany or Germany allying with one against the other that continued through World War I and World War II. Today, tensions exist between France and Germany within the European Union as France pushes for more money printing by Germany, which Germany often resists. If the Eurozone were to break down, Germany has plans to ally more closely with Russia, while France joined NATO as a counterweight. The relationship between these three
The New Cold War Between U.S.A. and Russiaiakovosal
This document discusses the energy war between the U.S. and Russia and its implications for Israel's security. It outlines how both countries want to dominate the European energy market and how pipeline projects like Nord Stream and South Stream allow Russia to supply Europe without relying on Ukraine. It also discusses how new pipelines through Turkey could supply Europe from the Caspian, lessening Russia and strengthening Turkey and Iran, both enemies of Israel. As a result, Israel may be moving closer to Russia to ensure its survival in a changing geopolitical landscape.
The Great Advantage of the Russo-German Pipelines and the Jihadistsiakovosal
The document discusses the safety advantages of the Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 pipelines transporting natural gas from Russia to Germany. It argues they are the safest option for Europe compared to other routes that pass through unstable regions or countries with tensions like Ukraine, Turkey, Libya, and Nigeria. However, it notes that Islamist groups may seek to sabotage the Russo-German pipelines to undermine their importance and advantage for Europe.
Gazprom VS ENI : A New War in East Mediterranean Sea?iakovosal
The document discusses tensions between Russian energy company Gazprom and Italian energy company ENI in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Specifically:
- ENI recently discovered a large natural gas field in Egyptian waters, threatening Gazprom's dominance in the regional energy market.
- Russia has increased its military presence in Syria, partly to counter growing Western and ENI influence in the region and protect its interests. Pipelines through Syria could challenge Russian exports to Europe.
- ENI's gas facilities in Egypt near the Nile Delta threaten Turkey and Iran's ambitions, and are vulnerable to terrorist attacks, which could benefit Russia geopolitically. Gazprom views ENI's expansion as a major problem and may try to destabil
The American-Russian Price War for Natural Gasiakovosal
The document discusses perspectives on potential competition between US and Russian natural gas exports to Europe. It notes that while some analysts predict a price war, the Foreign Affairs article asserts the situation will be more complex. US LNG may displace some Russian and Norwegian/Algerian gas in western Europe, but a large portion could go to Asian countries like Japan and South Korea, who highly value LNG imports. The main effects may involve various gas exporters adjusting to new market conditions rather than a simple US-Russia price war.
- The document discusses the geopolitical objectives and interests of the US, Russia, and China in the Middle East.
- The US aims to reduce dependence on Middle East oil and construct pipelines to connect the region to Europe via Turkey as an alternative to Russian gas. Russia aims to prevent these pipelines to maintain its influence over European energy markets.
- China is also discussed briefly but its objectives in the region are not outlined in detail within the 3 page document.
The Belgian Curtain - Europe after CommunismSam Vaknin
- The document discusses the competing influences of the European Union (EU) and NATO in Europe following the fall of Communism. It argues that NATO has expanded its influence and membership more aggressively, while the EU has struggled to establish its authority in foreign policy and security.
- The EU needs the economic and demographic benefits of expanding its membership to include Central and Eastern European countries. However, joining may impose significant costs and challenges for the candidate countries. Their accession could force reforms of the EU's agricultural subsidies and burden its budget.
- Historically, Europe alternated between alliances seeking a balance of power and periods of armed conflict, until the end of WWII brought foreign occupation and the imposition of the Cold War system by the
NATO in the wake of Hitler - Drang nach Osten.pdfGRAZIA TANTA
1. The document discusses NATO expansionism and militarism as dangers to humanity. It argues that the US uses NATO to dominate Europe, install military bases near Russia, and promote the arms industry.
2. It claims the war in Ukraine will prolong US/NATO dominance over Europe and allow more weapons sales. However, this escalates tensions and endangers European lives and economies to serve US interests.
3. Militarism poses great risks and the document advocates demilitarization and reducing US/NATO aggression towards Russia to promote peace in Europe.
A Brief Summary of the First World War for Oiliakovosal
The document provides a brief summary of the First World War for Oil from 1914-1918. Key factors included Germany's desire to connect to the Persian Gulf via the Baghdad Railway, threatening British control of Gulf oil. Germany and its allies Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire threatened Russian and British influence in the region. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited World War I, which was ultimately about controlling oil resources in the Middle East.
The document discusses the history and politics surrounding Libya and its leader Muammar Qaddafi. It notes that Qaddafi came to power in 1969 and imposed a socialist dictatorship, nationalizing Libya's oil. It summarizes that Qaddafi had poor political relations with countries like France and the U.S. due to his support of terrorism and Arab nationalism. When civil unrest broke out in Libya in 2011, Qaddafi had few allies and faced military intervention by Western countries seeking to support the rebels and gain influence in a post-Qaddafi Libya.
The Afghan Oil Pipeline and the US Negotiations with the Talibaniakovosal
This document summarizes negotiations between the US and the Taliban in the 1990s regarding proposed oil and gas pipelines from Central Asia through Afghanistan. It discusses how the pipelines could benefit both countries economically but were opposed by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Al Qaeda. The US offered diplomatic recognition of the Taliban in exchange for allowing pipeline construction, but talks broke down after Al Qaeda's 1998 embassy bombings in Africa. Negotiations continued under President Bush but were ultimately derailed by the 9/11 attacks. The document reveals that Al Qaeda closely monitored the pipeline negotiations and sought to sabotage them to maintain its alliance with the Taliban.
The geopolitics of energy & terrorism part 9iakovosal
This document provides background information on geopolitical issues related to energy and terrorism. It discusses the ethnic groups and borders in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia and China. It describes how the Taliban are comprised mainly of Pashtuns from Afghanistan and Pakistan. It also discusses how the "Great Game" between Britain and Russia evolved into the "New Great Game" between global powers competing for influence and access to oil/gas in Central Asia after the Soviet collapse. Additionally, it details Germany's role in supporting Lenin and the rise of Russian communism before WWI to weaken their rival, the Russian Empire.
Compensated Mass Balance Method For Oil Pipeline Leakage Detection using SCADACSCJournals
This document describes a study that aims to implement a cost-effective pipeline leakage detection method using Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. It discusses different leakage detection methods including pressure monitoring and mass balancing. The proposed method is a compensated mass balance approach that uses SCADA data and transient pipeline modeling to calculate inventory changes and detect imbalances indicating leaks. The method is simulated using Rockwell Automation software to build a SCADA system model and apply real-time transient modeling techniques to detect leaks. The results obtained are presented and discussed.
The Geopolitics of Energy and Terrorism Part 10iakovosal
Τhe connection between the energy policies of various countries with the wars that break out at various parts of the world, i.e. at the Middle East and North Africa etc
Contolling Costs And Risks In Construction Of The Trans Alaska Oil PipelineWayne Holley
For several years I worked on the Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline, first as a surveyor and later as a systems analyst. A few weeks ago, in my Controlling Project Costs and Risks class at University of California San Diego, we were assigned to write a short paper connecting a project with the class material. I chose to write about the pipeline project.
- Russia is a major global energy producer and exporter, holding the largest natural gas reserves and being the largest gas exporter in the world. It relies heavily on gas exports to Europe.
- Russia has taken steps to solidify its position as a key European energy supplier through pipelines like Nord Stream and planned South Stream, aiming to reduce reliance on Ukraine for gas transit. However, Western powers seek to decrease European dependence on Russian gas.
- Geopolitical conflicts between Russia and the West, like those in Ukraine and Syria, have an energy dimension as they involve control over gas infrastructure and pipelines transporting gas out of the region.
Conference on "Africa at the center of the new geopolitics of energy"Ahlam Namir
We are pleased to inform you that the African Academy of Energy (ACAFE) will hold a conference on "Africa at the center of the new geopolitics of energy" followed by a training session on the General Situation of the Energy Sector and Oil with a focus on refining and marketing in 2014.
The event will be lead on September 2nd and 3rd by Mr. Jean-Pierre FAVENNEC, Consultant at WDCooperation and president for the association of Energy Development in Africa, and will take place at ACAFE conference room.
Done by Group: Wakrag_rock8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Fighting corrosion in oil pipeline.
The Caspian region is seeing renewed interest and opportunities for oil and gas M&A deals in 2011. Acquisition multiples in Kazakhstan fell significantly from 2007-2009 but have room to recover as risks associated with contract renegotiations primarily affect major projects, not smaller producers. Several sizable producing assets valued over $1 billion remain available at reasonable multiples and have been on the market since 2009. The gap between seller expectations and acquirer spending ability post-recession is shrinking, and a few larger deals are expected to close in early 2011. Small cap explorers are also obtaining funding for higher-risk exploration projects.
Germany, France, and Russia have historically been in competition for power in Europe along a fertile corridor connecting France through Germany to Russia. Before 1871, France and Russia were the main powers along this corridor, but Germany's unification created a new rival for both countries. This established a dynamic of the two countries allying against Germany or Germany allying with one against the other that continued through World War I and World War II. Today, tensions exist between France and Germany within the European Union as France pushes for more money printing by Germany, which Germany often resists. If the Eurozone were to break down, Germany has plans to ally more closely with Russia, while France joined NATO as a counterweight. The relationship between these three
The New Cold War Between U.S.A. and Russiaiakovosal
This document discusses the energy war between the U.S. and Russia and its implications for Israel's security. It outlines how both countries want to dominate the European energy market and how pipeline projects like Nord Stream and South Stream allow Russia to supply Europe without relying on Ukraine. It also discusses how new pipelines through Turkey could supply Europe from the Caspian, lessening Russia and strengthening Turkey and Iran, both enemies of Israel. As a result, Israel may be moving closer to Russia to ensure its survival in a changing geopolitical landscape.
The Great Advantage of the Russo-German Pipelines and the Jihadistsiakovosal
The document discusses the safety advantages of the Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 pipelines transporting natural gas from Russia to Germany. It argues they are the safest option for Europe compared to other routes that pass through unstable regions or countries with tensions like Ukraine, Turkey, Libya, and Nigeria. However, it notes that Islamist groups may seek to sabotage the Russo-German pipelines to undermine their importance and advantage for Europe.
Gazprom VS ENI : A New War in East Mediterranean Sea?iakovosal
The document discusses tensions between Russian energy company Gazprom and Italian energy company ENI in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Specifically:
- ENI recently discovered a large natural gas field in Egyptian waters, threatening Gazprom's dominance in the regional energy market.
- Russia has increased its military presence in Syria, partly to counter growing Western and ENI influence in the region and protect its interests. Pipelines through Syria could challenge Russian exports to Europe.
- ENI's gas facilities in Egypt near the Nile Delta threaten Turkey and Iran's ambitions, and are vulnerable to terrorist attacks, which could benefit Russia geopolitically. Gazprom views ENI's expansion as a major problem and may try to destabil
The American-Russian Price War for Natural Gasiakovosal
The document discusses perspectives on potential competition between US and Russian natural gas exports to Europe. It notes that while some analysts predict a price war, the Foreign Affairs article asserts the situation will be more complex. US LNG may displace some Russian and Norwegian/Algerian gas in western Europe, but a large portion could go to Asian countries like Japan and South Korea, who highly value LNG imports. The main effects may involve various gas exporters adjusting to new market conditions rather than a simple US-Russia price war.
- The document discusses the geopolitical objectives and interests of the US, Russia, and China in the Middle East.
- The US aims to reduce dependence on Middle East oil and construct pipelines to connect the region to Europe via Turkey as an alternative to Russian gas. Russia aims to prevent these pipelines to maintain its influence over European energy markets.
- China is also discussed briefly but its objectives in the region are not outlined in detail within the 3 page document.
The Belgian Curtain - Europe after CommunismSam Vaknin
- The document discusses the competing influences of the European Union (EU) and NATO in Europe following the fall of Communism. It argues that NATO has expanded its influence and membership more aggressively, while the EU has struggled to establish its authority in foreign policy and security.
- The EU needs the economic and demographic benefits of expanding its membership to include Central and Eastern European countries. However, joining may impose significant costs and challenges for the candidate countries. Their accession could force reforms of the EU's agricultural subsidies and burden its budget.
- Historically, Europe alternated between alliances seeking a balance of power and periods of armed conflict, until the end of WWII brought foreign occupation and the imposition of the Cold War system by the
NATO in the wake of Hitler - Drang nach Osten.pdfGRAZIA TANTA
1. The document discusses NATO expansionism and militarism as dangers to humanity. It argues that the US uses NATO to dominate Europe, install military bases near Russia, and promote the arms industry.
2. It claims the war in Ukraine will prolong US/NATO dominance over Europe and allow more weapons sales. However, this escalates tensions and endangers European lives and economies to serve US interests.
3. Militarism poses great risks and the document advocates demilitarization and reducing US/NATO aggression towards Russia to promote peace in Europe.
A Brief Summary of the First World War for Oiliakovosal
The document provides a brief summary of the First World War for Oil from 1914-1918. Key factors included Germany's desire to connect to the Persian Gulf via the Baghdad Railway, threatening British control of Gulf oil. Germany and its allies Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire threatened Russian and British influence in the region. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand provided the spark that ignited World War I, which was ultimately about controlling oil resources in the Middle East.
The document discusses the history and politics surrounding Libya and its leader Muammar Qaddafi. It notes that Qaddafi came to power in 1969 and imposed a socialist dictatorship, nationalizing Libya's oil. It summarizes that Qaddafi had poor political relations with countries like France and the U.S. due to his support of terrorism and Arab nationalism. When civil unrest broke out in Libya in 2011, Qaddafi had few allies and faced military intervention by Western countries seeking to support the rebels and gain influence in a post-Qaddafi Libya.
Family of Saudi English Language Learners (for Academic Purposes) requested a Pre-World War I Germany History lesson before their month-long family vacation to Germany. Students (mixed-ability learners) ranged from low-beginner to high-intermediateTrave (Ages 6-15). Emphasis: Overview, main points, visuals.
The Spread Of Soviet-Backed Communism Across Eastern...Rachel Davis
The document discusses the spread of Soviet-backed communism across Eastern Europe after World War II. It argues that while resistance was unlikely to succeed given Soviet control over the region, the outcome was not entirely inevitable. Some key points made include:
- The liberal democracies that emerged after WWI in Eastern Europe were weakened by various factors, making authoritarianism the norm by WWII.
- The region lacked stable nation states and faced ethnic tensions, undermining democratic foundations.
- The power vacuum left by WWII allowed communists to consolidate power where democratic forces had been destroyed.
- However, the processes by which different states became Soviet satellites were not uniform, and Western aid may have influenced outcomes, indicating multiple
This document discusses whether the tensions between Russia and the West resemble a "Cold War II". It analyzes the economic issues related to the 2014 Crimean crisis and compares the current economic strengths of Russia and the US to those during the original Cold War. Currently, Russia's economy is much weaker due to sanctions and over-reliance on oil/gas exports, while the US remains powerful. However, many of the same geopolitical tensions over spheres of influence remain. The crisis could negatively impact South Africa through trade disruptions and higher prices.
- Catalonia is an autonomous region of Spain that wants independence. The pro-independence coalition won recent elections in Catalonia.
- Catalonia is one of Spain's richest regions economically but believes it pays too much in taxes to support the rest of Spain.
- Other separatist movements in Europe seeking independence include Scotland, Flanders, the Basque Country, and Venice. The EU and NATO see these as potentially destabilizing.
The first year students of Martínez Vargas High School are creating a blog for the Euroscola competition on the theme of Spain's evolution since joining the European Union. The blog will focus on the Somontano region and the LEADER Project, which has helped the region's economic development by supporting entrepreneurs. The blog contains facts about the EU that the students hope readers will find interesting.
Origin of the Cold War Essay
Cold War and Its Effects Essay
The War Of The Cold War Essay
cold war Essay
The Cold War
The Culture of the Cold War Essay
An Essay About The Cold War
Cold War Essay
What Is The Cold War Essay
Cold War Dbq Essay
Cold War Dbq Essay
Vietnam and The Cold War Essay
Cold War Essay
This document discusses the European Union's relationship with post-communist states in Eastern Europe. It outlines three approaches the EU has taken: 1) Continuing integration of Southeast European states; 2) Establishing the European Neighborhood Policy for Eastern European states while avoiding discussions of EU membership; 3) Maintaining a "strategic partnership" with Russia focused on traditional foreign policy. The document also presents three scenarios for how the region may develop in the coming years based on whether Central European integration and prosperity spreads outward or stagnates.
Unifying separate countries offers varied unique opportunities for g.docxshanaeacklam
Unifying separate countries offers varied unique opportunities for growth but also gives way to complex challenges. For this module, write a one page paper explaining why the unification of Germany into one country (combining East and West Germany) proved to be more of a burden to the German people than expected. Base comments on what you've learned so far in your lecture notes and other sources you find helpful. Cite sources in proper APA format.
Module 03 - German and Russian Political Relations
Germany
Acronyms for Germany
Germany specializes in acronyms - for political parties, groups, labor unions, even East and West Germany. For easy reference, click
here
to print a copy of the German acronym table.
Germany's Challenges
Germany is faced with many challenges in the 21st century. Please pay close attention to the following questions:
Why did it take Germany so long to unify, and how did that delay affect German behavior once it did come together under Prussia?
Why did Germany's first attempt at democracy give way to Hitler (1889 - 1945) and his Nazi regime, which was responsible for the deaths of millions?
How did the division of Germany and other events after World War II help create the remarkably prosperous and stable democratic Federal Republic of Germany in the West but also the stagnant and repressive German Democratic Republic in the East?
Germany Today - Moving Beyond Memory
People today who remember, are still influenced by their World War II experience. Veterans and war movies may not be as ubiquitous on television as they once were, but cable channels bring us nearly everything. As the last members of America's "greatest generation" die, they still influence the impressions held by baby boomers and their children. The fascination with the evil image of Adolph Hitler can still be found in junior high school history classes and some fringe political groups.
The Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. provides a chilling experience for those too young to recall the death camps. If that were not enough, most of us have memories of the Berlin Wall. Some of us have friends who, as children went on family "picnics" in Berlin before 1961, packing only what would fit in the picnic basket to take into an exile of freedom in the West. These are powerful images. They may be helpful in partially explaining how Germany got to where it is today. On the other hand, they are not too helpful in explaining how Germany functions today. Somehow, if we are going to deal with the reality of a working, liberal democracy in Europe's largest, richest state, we will have to get beyond the images that fill our collective cultural memories.
Change in Political Culture
Political culture is probably one of the most appropriate ways to approach a study of Germany. The anthropologist's vision of culture is of a rather stable, slowly evolving nearly organic entity. However, the last century of German political history offers an example of political culture that.
Similar to The Geopolitics of Energy & Terrorism Part 2 (20)
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
मद्रास उच्च न्यायालय के सेवानिवृत्त न्यायाधीश और केंद्र और राज्य सरकार के नौकरशाहों सहित आठ अन्य लोगों की अध्यक्षता वाली एक उच्च स्तरीय समिति ने 2021 में NEET परीक्षा को खत्म करने की सिफारिश की थी। महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि रिपोर्ट में 2010-11 में ग्रामीण पृष्ठभूमि से तमिल छात्रों की संख्या में 61.5% की भारी गिरावट को दर्शाया गया है। इसके बजाय मेट्रो छात्रों में वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है।
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
La defensa del expresidente Juan Orlando Hernández, declarado culpable por narcotráfico en EE. UU., solicitó este viernes al juez Kevin Castel que imponga una condena mínima de 40 años de prisión.
17062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
विवादास्पद फिल्म के ट्रेलर से गाली-गलौज वाले दृश्य हटा दिए गए हैं, और जुर्माना लगाया गया है। सुप्रीम कोर्ट और बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट दोनों ने फिल्म की रिलीज पर रोक लगा दी है और उसे निलंबित कर दिया है। पहले यह फिल्म 7 जून और फिर 14 जून को रिलीज होने वाली थी, लेकिन अब यह 21 जून को रिलीज हो रही है।
22062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
19 जून को बॉम्बे हाई कोर्ट ने विवादित फिल्म ‘हमारे बारह’ को 21 जून को थिएटर में रिलीज करने का रास्ता साफ कर दिया, हालांकि यह सुनिश्चित करने के बाद कि फिल्म निर्माता कुछ आपत्तिजनक अंशों को हटा दें।
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityTheUnitedIndian
Don't let fancy business words confuse you! This blog is your cheat sheet to understanding the Shark Tank Jargon. We'll translate all the confusing terms like "valuation" (how much the company is worth) and "royalty" (a fee for using someone's idea). You'll be swimming with the Sharks like a pro in no time!
“What Else Are They Talking About?”: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Analysis of M...Axel Bruns
Paper by Daniel Angus, Stephen Harrington, Axel Bruns, Phoebe Matich, Nadia Jude, Edward Hurcombe, and Ashwin Nagappa, presented at the ICA 2024 conference, Gold Coast, 22 June 2024.
यूजीसी-नेट और NEET परीक्षा (कई अन्य के अलावा, 2018 तक सीबीएसई द्वारा आयोजित की जाती थी, जो भारत में सार्वजनिक और निजी स्कूलों के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा बोर्ड था (और है), जिसे भारत सरकार द्वारा नियंत्रित और प्रबंधित किया जाता था।
21062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. Table of Contents
Introduction
Germany VS France VS Russia
Russia VS Siberia
Poland in a Possible Franco-German War
Germany’s Defeat by the Turkish Islamists and
the Greek Communists
England VS ISIS (Jeremy Corbyn)
Chile VS Argentina
India VS China
Egypt VS Ethiopia
(Saudi Arabia VS Iran) and (Egypt VS Turkey)
Oil Exports VS Arms Exports
4. Introduction
The following chapters are independent essays that were written between
July 2015 and February 2016. They appear in random order, and therefore
they do not have to be read in the order they appear.
The issue in all the essays is the connection between the energy policies of
various countries, their foreign policies, and the wars that break out at
various parts of the globe, since all three are closely related. I describe
many economic interests and many alliances in my essays. But alliances
change and so do economic interest. Therefore what is more important for
the reader is to have an idea of the global resources i.e. oil and natural gas
in my essays, because global resources change at a much lower pace than
economic interests and economic alliances.
The alliances and conflicts I describe in my essays might not exist in the
near future, but if you have an idea of the global resources you will be able
to see the alliances and the economic interests that will exist in the future.
I.A.
18.2.2016
.
5. Germany VS France Vs Russia
A great picture of Europe which nicely summarizes what I have been
recently saying. It shows the Alps, the natural fence that protects Italy from
the rest of Europe. Above the Alps you can see the fertile corridor, the low
lands, which connects France and the end of the European part of Russia at
the Ural Mountains. After the Uran Mountains the Asian part of Russia
begins i.e. Siberia.
Picture 1
Picture 2
8. Before Germany was created in 1871, France and Russia were looking at
each other very uneasily. Napoleon Bonaparte led the French Army to
Russia in 1812. When Germany was created in 1871, there was a new great
power in the neighborhood. Now the French had to worry about the
Germans, the Russians had to worry about the Germans, and the Germans
had to worry about both the French and the Russians.
In the First World War, in 1914, the French and the Russians united against
the Germans. In the Second World War, in 1939, the Germans rushed to
unite with the Russians against the French. Only when Hitler broke the
9. Nazi-Communist alliance in 1941, the Russians united again with the
French. After the Second World War, the European Union was created, with
the hope that France and Germany would never go to war again. France even
agreed to the unification of Germany, on the condition that the common
currency, the euro, would be created.
The common currency, actually the printing of more of the common
currency, would act as an automatic transfer of resources from Germany to
France, so that the German economy would stop embarrassing the French
one. Today there is a clash between France and Germany, with France
asking for more and more printing of new currency, which basically is a
German subsidy to France, and Germany always denying to do so, but
giving in at the end, but not for the amount that France had originally asked
for.
There is therefore a constant bargaining between Germany and France, and
there is a fear that at some point France will insist on receiving from
Germany a subsidy, in the form of printing of new money, that the Germans
will not accept, and that this will lead to the break of the Eurozone. In case
the Eurozone breaks, Germany has a plan B in order to confront France, and
that plan B is Russia, with whom Germany has been cultivating tighter and
tighter economic ties. France’s plan B was to join NATO in 2009, 43 years
after the French national socialist leader De Gaul withdrew France from the
alliance in 1966. With NATO’s help, France is hoping to face Germany and
Russia in Europe, and also face China in Africa. Given France’s tradition in
national socialism and communism, and given France’s anti-Americanism,
this must have been a tough, but necessary, decision.
10. Now we have to wait and see how things turn out in this historic corridor
that starts in France and ends in Russia, passing through Germany. This is a
corridor that both Napoleon and Hitler decided to cross in the 19th
and the
20th
centuries, with catastrophic results for both.
A great book about the clash between France and Germany for the Euro is
“The Tragedy of the Euro” by Philip Bagus. You can get a free copy of the
book at the following address.
https://mises.org/library/tragedy-euro
Picture 6
13. Russia VS Siberia
A very interesting article by Newsweek, titled “The Separatist Threat to
Putin’s Mother Russia From the East”, July 2015, about the relations
between Moscow and Siberia. Siberia is a Russian territory that extends
from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. See first map.
Picture 1
According to Newsweek the Siberians feel neglected, and they believe that
Moscow does not really care about a region that is so rich in resources. In
2012 Siberia contributed 130 billion rubbles to the Russian tax revenues, but
14. during the same period the Russian state only invested 10 billion rubbles in
Siberia. Siberia constitutes 77% of the Russian land, but only 40 from the
140 million of the Russian population leaves in Siberia. As early as 1892 the
Siberians raised the issue of autonomy, saying that Russia has treated Siberia
as a colony.
According to Newsweek the Siberians are very disappointed with Putin’s
increasingly centralized policies that remove power from the Siberians
towards Moscow. In 2011 a pro-Siberian rally was organized in Siberia
asking for Siberia’s autonomy, and the slogan was “Stop Feeding Moscow”.
The Siberian youth increasingly use the expression “I am Siberian”. In
August 2014 a pro-Siberian demonstration was organized, but it was banned
by the Russian government and many from the organizers were arrested.
I must also add that Siberia is very rich in oil and natural gas. As you can see
at the following map from an article of the Energy Information
Administration, titled “Russia looks beyond West Siberia for future oil and
natural gas growth”, September 2014, West Siberia holds 62% of the
Russian oil reserves, East Siberia holds 6%, and the coasts of the Pacific
Ocean in East Siberia hold another 4% of the Russian oil reserves. Please
note that Russia and Japan argue about their exclusive economic zones in the
Pacific Ocean. Moreover West Siberia holds 89% of the Russian natural gas
reserves, East Siberia holds 1% and the coasts of the Pacific Ocean in East
Siberia hold another 4% of the Russian natural gas reserves as you can see at
the EIA map. See map 2.
Picture 2
15. http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=18051
One could imagine that an independent Siberia would be good for the
European and American interests, but this is not true at all. An independent
Siberia would be in very bad terms with Russia and the Russian oil and
natural gas would be blocked from reaching Europe. Under this unlikely
scenario China would emerge as Siberia’s patron. The Europeans and the
Americans are far away from Siberia. Also note that the two natural gas
pipelines that were agreed between the Russians and the Chinese in 2014,
the Altai Pipeline and the Power of Siberia Pipeline, would use natural gas
from West and East Siberia. See picture 3
Picture 3
16. It might sound strange but the American, the European and the Russian
interests are closely aligned. The Americans were hoping that Russia would
become a democratic country which would supply Europe with oil and
natural gas, in order to decrease Europe’s dependence in the Middle East and
the Caspian Sea. Moreover Russia could protect Europe so that the
Americans could concentrate on their main geopolitical rival i.e. China.
But Russia would need to be second in the hierarchy, because Russia was
never a democratic country. If at some point Russia becomes a democracy,
like the other countries of the European Union, then she could become the
number one in Europe. But until Russia can prove that she has been
transformed to a democracy, she has to accept American leadership. Because
there is simply no other way that things can be done.
17. Unfortunately Putin is taking Russia back where she was under the
communism. Except that Putin is using a national socialist model instead of
a communist one, because he needs to use Slavism and Christianity in order
to push the Russian energy policy in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. The
Russian communists banned religion because at the time Russia had the rich
in oil and natural gas countries of Central Asia under her control i.e.
Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.
These countries are Muslim countries and the Russian communists banned
religion so that the Arabs, the Turks and the Iranians could not use Islam to
exert influence over their populations. But now Russia dos not have these
countries, and Putin needs Slavism and Christianity to promote his policies
in East Europe and the Balkans.
For the Newsweek article see
http://www.newsweek.com/separatist-threat-putins-mother-russia-east-
356840
18. Poland in a Possible Franco-German War
As you can see at the following map, Poland is the only way that can be
used by a large European army, in order to march towards Russia, or by a
large Russian army in order to march towards Europe. See map 1.
Picture 1
http://www.geoatlas.com/medias/maps/Europe%20and%20EU/Europe
%20XL/Eu54ro8pe97X6L/EUROPE_XL_phy.jpg
The green area in Northern Europe is called the Northern European Plain,
and it is a corridor that can be used by an army in order to avoid the Alps
and the Carpathian Mountains. See map 2.
Picture 2
20. Picture 3
It was necessary for Russia to control Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia,
in order to be able to protect her borders from Germany. You can see from
map 1 that once the Northern European Plain is passed, a much larger
corridor can be used by an army, in order to reach Russia. That corridor
increases from 500 kilometers to 5.000 kilometers, making it much harder
for a Russian army to protect the Russian borders. That’s why Hitler had to
allow Stalin to control half of Poland, together with the Baltic States and
21. Finland, in order to lure him into a deal. In September 1st
1939 the Nazis
marched into Poland, and in September 17th
of 1939 the Communists
marched into Poland too.
However when Hitler decided that the oil that was sent to Germany by Stalin
was not enough, and he decided Germany had to take control of the oil of
Baku in the Caspian Sea, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was not enough to
save Stalin, because the Russian army did not manage to stop the Germans
in Poland. The Russians managed to stop the Russians in Stalingrad, a long
way down the road. During this war England and the US were constantly
supplying the Russians with arms through the Middle East, which was under
the allies’ control. See map 4.
Picture 4
22. Because of her great geostrategic importance, in the past Poland has been
destroyed many times, and that’s why the Polish people are pro-Americans,
and they do not trust neither the Germans nor the Russians. When the
Germans and the Russians agreed on the construction of the German-
Russian natural gas pipeline, the Nord Stream Pipeline, which would
connect Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea, the Polish were very
worried.
A Polish minister publicly criticized this agreement, and compared it to the
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939, as you can read at the following article
from the German Spiegel, titled “Indirect Hitler Comparison: Polish
Minister Attacks Schröder and Merkel”, May 2006. Today, like in 1939, the
Russians supply the Germans with energy, and the Germans supply the
Russians with manufactured goods. And given how autocratic Russia has
become under Putin, no one can say that the Polish people are worrying too
much, or without a good reason. In an effort to make things worse, Putin
defended the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 2011, as you can read at the
following article from the Financial Times, titled “Putin’s defence of Soviet-
Nazi pact ramps up security tensions”, November 2014.
The problem is that the following situation has arisen in Europe. In order to
allow the unification of Germany, France required a common currency, in
order to make sure that the German economy would not be able to run much
faster than the French one. The French can use the printing of new euros, in
order to basically buy German goods for free. For an excellent description of
the struggle between the French and the Germans for the euro see “The
23. Tragedy of the Euro” by Philip Bagus. You can get a free copy at the
following address.
https://mises.org/library/tragedy-euro
The problem is that if at some point the Germans are tired of subsidizing the
French, the eurozone might brake, and that could lead to the brake of the
European Union too. Under such a scenario a world war could not be ruled
out, with Germany siding with Russia and China, and France siding with the
US and England. Poland knows full well that under this a scenario, the first
thing that the Germans and the Russians would do, would be to consolidate
Poland, in order to block NATO access to Russia. The Polish constantly ask
from NATO as much military support as possible, in order to be able to stop
a potential Russian attack, but they know that if they were to find themselves
between the Russians and the Germans they would have no chance.
As you can see in map 1, the other route that NATO can use to reach Russia,
Poland excluded, is Finland and the Baltic States i.e. Lithuania, Estonia and
Latvia. That’s why Putin warned that if Finland ever decides to join NATO
the Third World War might brake out, as you can read at the following
article of Norway Today, titled “Russia warns Finland against joining
NATO”, June 2014. Maybe Finland is for Russia even more important than
Poland, because if a world war brakes out Poland will find itself encircled
between Russia and Germany, which is not the case with Finland.
Please note that the map of Europe in 1939 was different from the one today,
as you can see in map 5.
24. Picture 5
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europe_1939_4_copy.png
For the Spiegel article see:
“Indirect Hitler Comparison: Polish Minister Attacks Schröder and Merkel”,
May 2006
http://www.spiegel.de/international/indirect-hitler-comparison-polish-minister-attacks-
schroeder-and-merkel-a-413969.html
For the Financial Times article see:
“Putin’s defence of Soviet-Nazi pact ramps up security tensions”, November
2014
26. Germany’s Defeat by the Turkish Islamists
and the Greek Communists
In the first eleven months of 2015 Germany received four times more
immigrants than she did for the whole 2014. In the first 11 months of 2015
Germany received 965 thousands immigrants. See Guardian “Germany on
course to accept one million refugees in 2015”, December 2015. That’s more
impressive when one takes into account that in 2014 Germany was already
attacked by the Italian Prime Minister Mateo Renzi, who came to power in
February 2014, and opened the Italian borders, sending hundreds of
thousands of immigrants to Germany.
However that was nothing when compared to what the Greek communists
and the Turkish Islamists did to Germany in 2015. When the Greek
communists came to power in January 2015 they made an alliance with the
Turkish Islamists and they completely destroyed Germany. The Greek
communists completely reversed the immigration policy of the previous
center-right government, basically inviting immigrants from all over the
world to enter Greece. See the following table from the United Nations,
which shows the dramatic rise in immigration inflows that followed Renzi’s
rise to power in 2014, and the explosion that followed the rise of the Greek
communists in 2015.
The Italians and the Greek socialists do not want to introduce reforms and
transparency in the Italian and Greek public sectors, something required by
the Germans in order to give them more money, and they are sending
27. hundreds of thousands of immigrants to Germany, asking for more
concessions in return for controlling immigration. Turkey, a German enemy,
through her alliance with the Greek communists of SYRIZA, has already
managed to gain 3 billion euros in order to control immigration, and also to
unfreeze the negotiations for Turkey’s entrance in the European Union.
Image 1 United Nations – Immigration 2008-2015
Image 2 United Nations – Greece and Italy 2015
28. Articles
“Germany on course to accept one million refugees in 2015”, December
2015
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/08/germany-on-course-to-
accept-one-million-refugees-in-2015
UN Refugee/Migrant Emergency Response - Mediterranean
http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php
29. England VS ISIS (Jeremy Corbyn)
I have mentioned many times England’s cooperation with Qatar in the
energy sector. England imports from Qatar huge quantities of liquefied
natural gas, and Qatar is also heavily investing in England. Therefore Qatar
has significant influence over British politics. See for example Financial
Times “UK warned over dependence on Qatar gas”, January 2012, and the
Guardian “How much of London is owned by Qatar’s royal family”? ,
January 2014.
It is true of course that Russia has a lot of influence over British politics too,
because the Russian oligarchs heavily invest in England too, and England
and Russia are also cooperating in the energy sector. See for example New
York Times “London’s Laundry Business”, March 2014, and the
Independent “Gas imports from Russia's Gazprom giant to soar after new
Centrica deal”, May 2015.
Qatar, an Islamist country, is buying political influence all over Europe, but
it has a preference for left parties which do not hesitate to promote illegal
immigration in Europe. Therefore a large part of the European left shows a
lot of support for Qatar and its ally Turkey. Turkey is one of the countries
that are very friendly towards ISIS, because she buys oil from ISIS. See for
example Financial Times “Isis sells smuggled oil to Turkey and Iraqi Kurds,
says US Treasury”, October 2014. Actually the Russians say that the son of
Turkey’s President Tayip Erdogan i.e. Bilal Erdogan, is doing business with
ISIS. See for example “Ankara's oil business with ISIS”, November 2015.
30. Now Russia and France are bombing ISIS in Syria, and the center right
British Prime Minister David Cameron wants England to also participate in
the military operations against ISIS. Naturally a large part of the European
left gets very upset with the idea of bombing ISIS. Jeremy Corbyn, the new
leader of the British Left, and leader of the opposition, is really against the
idea of Britain bombing ISIS. But many members of his party are revolting
against him and are openly supporting the Prime Minister David Cameron
on the subject of ISIS. See Independent “Air strikes in Syria: Jeremy Corbyn
faces Shadow Cabinet revolt over his opposition to British military action”,
του Νοεμβρίου 2015.
This is great news because it can help curb communist propaganda which is
rampant in Europe and the US. According to communist propaganda ISIS
was created by the West. But if the West decides to cooperate against ISIS,
communists will have to revolt against such decisions, like Jeremy Corbyn is
currently doing. Therefore the unsuspecting and innocent voters who are
subjected to communist propaganda will be surprised to see the west ready
to bomb ISIS, and the European communists, who accuse the West for
creating ISIS, actually protecting ISIS.
Moreover, many innocent European voters believe that European
communists are still working with Russia, as was the case before the
collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Things will become clear for them
because Russia will be one of the leading countries fighting ISIS, and the
European communists will be the ones who will be trying to protect ISIS.
Articles
31. “Air strikes in Syria: Jeremy Corbyn faces Shadow Cabinet revolt over his
opposition to British military action”, του Νοεμβρίου 2015
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/air-strikes-in-syria-jeremy-
corbyn-faces-shadow-cabinet-revolt-over-opposition-to-british-military-
a6750651.html
“UK warned over dependence on Qatar gas”, January 2012
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c403bec6-3f63-11e1-ad6a-
00144feab49a.html
“How much of London is owned by Qatar’s royal family”? , January 2014
http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/dec/09/london-qatar-
royal-family-regents-park-200m-palace-harrods
“London’s Laundry Business”, March 2014
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/opinion/londons-laundry-
business.html?_r=0
“Gas imports from Russia's Gazprom giant to soar after new Centrica deal”,
May 2015
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/gas-imports-from-
russias-gazprom-giant-to-soar-after-new-centrica-deal-10248692.html
“Isis sells smuggled oil to Turkey and Iraqi Kurds, says US Treasury”,
October 2014
33. Chile VS Argentina
I was talking yesterday about the Anglo-Argentinean conflict over the
Falkland Islands. Among other things, the Falklands allow the English to
have claims over the South Ocean and Antarctica, which is the least
explored continent on earth. At the following map you can see the South
Ocean and Antarctica.
http://www.worldatlas.com/img/areamap/continent/antartica_map.gif
34. As you can read at the following Guardian article, titled “China eyes
Antarctica's resource bounty”, November 2013, China eyes Antarctica,
which will be the 3rd
richest continent in oil reserves, if the estimates about
200 billion barrels of oil prove to be true.
Besides her conflict with England, Argentina has territorial disputes with
Chile, for the Picton, Lenox and Nueva islands i.e. the Beagle Conflict.
Argentina and Chile almost went to military conflict over these islands in
1978, and that’s the reason that Chile supported England during the Falkland
War. The conflict between Argentina and Chile started in 1904, when
Argentina questioned Chile’s control over the islands. The islands are
located under the Tierra del Fuego (Land of Fire).
Picture 2
35. You can see the Land of Fire at the following map. Her western part belongs
to Chile, and her eastern part belongs to Argentina. The aforementioned
islands allow their owner to have claims over the South Ocean and
Antarctica.
Picture 3
37. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/americas_pol96.jpg
For the Guardian article see
“China eyes Antarctica's resource bounty”, November 2013
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/nov/08/china-antarctica-trip-icebreaker-
snow-dragon
For the Beagle Conflict see Wikipedia “Beagle Conflict”
1st
Paragraph
The Beagle conflict was a border dispute between Chile and Argentina over the
possession of Picton, Lennox and Nueva islands and the scope of the maritime
38. jurisdiction associated with those islands that brought the countries to the brink of war in
1978.
4th
Paragraph
The Beagle conflict is seen as the main reason for Chilean support to the United
Kingdom during the Falklands War of 1982.
5th
Paragraph
The conflict began in 1904 with the first official Argentine claims over the islands that
have always been under Chilean control.[5]:§164 The conflict passed through several
phases: since 1881 Chilean islands, since 1904 disputed islands, direct negotiations,
submitted to a binding international tribunal, direct negotiations again, brinkmanship
and settlement.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_conflict
39. India VS China
The 46 billion dollars that China will invest in the China-Pakistan Economic
Corridor include the investment for the Chinese naval base in the Pakistani
port of Gwadar at the Indian Ocean. The Chinese naval bases in the Indian
Ocean will make China a two ocean super power, and will allow her
together with her ally Pakistan to encircle India.
India on the other hand is trying to respond by encircling China with her
defense cooperation with Vietnam, Indonesia, Australia, Japan and South
Korea.
Map 1 India VS China
40. India also has the advantage that she has not broken her alliance with Russia,
her traditional ally since the Soviet era, even though India has greatly
improved her relations with the US in order to face China as a common
rival. Therefore it would be difficult for Russia to intervene in the Chinese-
Indian rivalry, while this is not the case for the United States, because China
and the United States are confronting each other at the South China Sea.
China claims most of the South China Sea for herself. The Malacca Straits at
the South China Sea are considered as one of the most important energy
choke points in the world, since a huge amount of energy and tradable goods
pass from it every day.
Map 2 Energy Choke Points
41. Articles
“The Keys to Closer India-Japan Ties After Abe’s Successful Visit”,
January 2016
http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/17805/the-keys-to-closer-
india-japan-ties-after-abe-s-successful-visit
“India’s Strategic Vietnam Defense Relations”, November 2014
http://thediplomat.com/2014/11/indias-strategic-vietnam-defense-relations/
“India, Indonesia to Cooperate on Maritime Security, Defense
Procurement”, August 2015
http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/india-indonesia-to-cooperate-on-maritime-
security-defense-procurement/
“Australia, India step up defence ties”, September 2015
http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2015/09/03/australia-india-step-
defence-ties
“Pakistan hands management of strategic Gwadar port to China”, February
2013
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-port-idUSBRE91H0IU20130218
“South Korea and India to boost defence ties, infrastructure finance”, May
2015
http://in.reuters.com/article/southkorea-india-modi-visit-
idINKBN0O30VO20150518
42. Egypt VS Ethiopia
Since the ancient times, the Egyptians had the fortune to be protected by
their deserts, and they had the misfortune to leave in their deserts, because
Egypt is located in Sahara, the largest desert of the earth. See maps 1 and 2.
Picture 1
http://www.ubunturoom.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/africasatview.jpg
Picture 2
43. https://thehowserhouse.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/africa-political-map.gif
The life of the Egyptians, their history and civilization, lies within a few
miles from the river Nile, and it is said that if the Nile was to stop sending its
waters to Egypt, everyone would have to leave the country. The Nile is
considered to be the longest river in the world, it discharge in the
Mediterranean Sea, and it has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the
Blue Nile. The White and the Blue Nile unite at Khartum, which is Sudan’s
capital. See maps 3 and 4.
Picture 3
45. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Blue_nile_map.png
Due to Egypt’s dependence on the Nile, the British had asked all the
countries crossed by this river to sign an agreement, which gave Egypt the
right to veto the construction of any projects over the Nile i.e. dams etc. The
agreement also allocated Egypt 48 of the 84 billion cubic meters of Niles
waters each year. See the article of the center left American think tank,
Brookings Institute, titled “The limits of the new “Nile Agreement””, April
2015.
46. As expected, the other countries crossed by the Nile are not very happy and
they question Egypt’s privileges over the Nile. In recent years there was a
high possibility of a military conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia, because
Ethiopia and China want to construct a huge dam in the Nile, in order to
produce huge amounts of hydroelectric power. Ethiopia would use this
energy for herself, but also export it to her neighbors. As you can read at the
following BBC article, titled “Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan sign deal to end
Nile dispute”, March 2015, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia signed an agreement
about the construction of the dam. I do not know details about the
agreement, but I guess Ethiopia agreed to provide Egypt and Sudan with
some of the electricity that will be produced by the Blue Nile.
However the issue is far from over, because as you can read at the Brookings
article the three countries have not agreed on the critical issue of how they
will share Nile’s waters. With so many countries claiming Nile’s waters, it is
sure that the Nile will continue to be a geopolitical hotspot.
For the Brookings article see
“The limits of the new “Nile Agreement””, April 2015
3rd
Paragraph
These disagreements over the use of the Nile are not recent and, in fact, have a long
history because of these countries’ high dependence on the waters of the Nile. In 1929,
an agreement was concluded between Egypt and Great Britain regarding the utilization
of the waters of the Nile River—Britain was supposedly representing its colonies in the
Nile River Basin. [1] The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty covered many issues related to the Nile
River and its tributaries. Of particular relevance to the present discussion is that it
granted Egypt an annual water allocation of 48 billion cubic meters and Sudan 4 billion
cubic meters out of an estimated average annual yield of 84 billion cubic meters. In
47. addition, the 1929 agreement granted Egypt veto power over construction projects on the
Nile River or any of its tributaries in an effort to minimize any interference with the flow
of water into the Nile.
http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/africa-in-focus/posts/2015/04/28-new-nile-
agreement-kimenyi
For the BBC article see
“Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan sign deal to end Nile dispute”, March 2015
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32016763
48. (Saudi Arabia VS Iran) and (Egypt VS Turkey)
A very good article from Foreign Affairs about the Saudi-Egyptian alliance.
Egypt and Saudi Arabia are trying to jointly establish an Arab military force
in order to counterweight the Arabs and the Turks. This Arab force will be
mainly based on the Egyptian army and on Saudi funding.
Egypt and Saudi Arabia are the two most important Arab countries, with
Egypt being the largest Arab country, and Saudi Arabia being the richest
one. However the two countries significantly differ in their foreign policy,
and that’s what the article is about. The main problem is that Egypt’s main
rival is Turkey, while Saudi Arabia’s main rival is Iran, and this difference
make it difficult to coordinate the foreign policies of the two countries.
49. The Egyptians were very pleased to see the Russians coming to Syria, while
the Saudis were very unhappy with the Russian’s move. The reason is that
Russia is an Egyptian ally, but Russia is a major competitor of the Saudis in
the oil markets. Moreover Russia’s presence in Syria makes things harder
for ISIS and Turkey, and that’s good news for Egypt, but at the same time
the Russian presence strengthens the Syrian dictator Bashar al Ashad, a
major Iranian ally, which is bad news for Saudi Arabia. ISIS and the Muslim
Brotherhood are mainly supported by Turkey and Qatar, and Egypt has to
fight ISIS and the Muslim Brotherhood in Libya, Gaza and the Sinai
Peninsula, while the Saudis sometimes cooperate with the Turks against the
Iranians.
Therefore Egypt needs the Saudi funding, and Saudi Arabia needs the
Egyptian army, and both want to form an Arab military power to
counterweight the Turkish and Iranian influence, but the Egyptians focus on
Turkey and the Saudis focus on the Iranians, and that causes the foreign
policy of the two countries to significantly diverge.
“Last Alliance Standing”, November 2015
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/egypt/2015-11-24/last-alliance-
standing?cid=nlc-fatoday-
20151124&sp_mid=50094353&sp_rid=aWFrb3ZvczEwMDBAeWFob28uZ
3IS1&spMailingID=50094353&spUserID=MTA3MTc0NjI3NDAxS0&spJo
bID=803291024&spReportId=ODAzMjkxMDI0S0
50. Oil Exports VS Arms Exports
Below you can see and compare the revenues of the largest arms exporters
(New York Times) with the revenues of the largest oil exporters (Statista).
You can see that the arms exports are peanuts when compared to the oil
exports. The US is the largest arms exporter with 36 billion dollars in 2014,
while Saudi Arabia is the largest oil exporter with 246 billion dollars a year.
Moreover no arms exporter is willing to sell arms to countries that are not
allies, while oil exporters do not give a damn about who is going buy their
oil.
Largest Arms Exporters (See New York Times “U.S. Foreign Arms Deals
Increased Nearly $10 Billion in 2014”, December 2015)
United States 36 Billion Dollars
Russia 10 Billion Dollars
Sweden 5.5 Billion Dollars
France 4.4 Billion Dollars
China 2.2 Billion Dollars
Largest Oil Exports (OPEC) See Picture 1 from Statista “OPEC* net oil
export revenue streams in 2014, by member country (in billion U.S.
dollars)”
Image 1 OPEC Oil Revenues 2014 (Statista)
52. OPEC is the international oil cartel, and most oil exporting countries are its
members, in an attempt to coordinate and reduce their oil production to
boost prices. However it is not always easy for them to coordinate their
productions, because each member has a motive to steal a market share from
the other members, by agreeing to cut its production but not actually doing.
“U.S. Foreign Arms Deals Increased Nearly $10 Billion in 2014”, December
2015
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/26/world/middleeast/us-foreign-arms-
deals-increased-nearly-10-billion-in-2014.html
“OPEC* net oil export revenue streams in 2014, by member country (in
billion U.S. dollars)”
http://www.statista.com/statistics/223231/opec-net-oil-export-revenue-
streams-by-country/
53. China in Afghanistan
A very nice article by the German state-owned news agency Deutsche
Welle, about China’s role in Afghanistan. According to Deutsche Welle
China did not attack the Taliban in Afghanistan on the side of the United
States, but she has made great efforts in order for a truce to be reached
between the Taliban and the Afghan government. The main reason China is
interested in Afghanistan is because she does not want ISIS to get a foothold
in Afghanistan, because that would allow ISIS to support the separatists
Uyghurs in China’s XinJiang province. As you can see at the following map
China and Afghanistan have common borders. Actually the borders of the
other Central Asian counties with China are not very secure, and ISIS could
also use these countries to enter China.
Map 1 China-Afghanistan
54. Also note that the Sunni Islamist organization East Turkestan Islamic
Movement (ETIM) is operating in XinJiang, and it is mainly supported by
Turkey. As you can read at the following BBC article there is tension
between Turkey and China over the very large Muslim population of
XinJiang. See “China-Turkey relationship strained over Uyghurs”, July
2015.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-33440998
I have already said that what Turkey really wants is that China heavily
invests in Turkey, so that in return Turkey will use her influence over the
Uyghurs and ETIM to keep things calm in XinJiang. According to Deutsche
Welle many Uyghurs use fake Turkish passports to enter Pakistan and
Afghanistan in order to receive military training in the Islamic military
camps that operate in these countries, and which are mainly funded with
Saudi money according to Deutsche Welle.
I have many times referred to the Arab and Iranian effort to block the TAPI
(Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India) Pipeline, promoted by
Turkmenistan and India and supported by the United States. TAPI is for
Central Asia what the Trans-Saharan Pipeline is for North Africa, and what
the Qatar-Turkey and the Iran-Iraq-Syria pipelines are for the Middle East.
Map 2 TAPI
55. Deutsche Welle also mentions that the Uyghours believe that China is
undermine their religion and culture, and that she also explois their natural
resources. As you can see at the following Wikipedia map XinJiang is
among the richest, if not the richest in oil region of China.
Map 3 China’s Oil Reserves
57. the ancient years and the ancient Silk Roads XinJiang was very important
for China, because underneath XinJiang lie the inaccessible and hostile
Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau, which are the natural borders between
China and India.
Map 4 XinJiang
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/88/64288-004-91040875.gif
Map 5 Himalayas-Tibet
59. http://www.tibettravelplanner.com/assets/images/Maps/tibet-location-
map.jpg
At the southern part of XinJiang lies the Taklamakan Desert. At the
following map I have marked with red the Tibetan Plateau and with black
the Taklamakan Desert.
Map 6 Tibet-Taklamakan Desert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road#/media/File:Zheng_He.png
At the following Wikipedia map you can see the ancient Silk Roads, and as
you can see they pass above the Himalayas and Tibet. The Silk Roads were
passing both underneath and above the Taklamakan Desert.
Map 7 Ancient Silk Roads
61. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert#/media/File:Tarimriverma
p.png
For the Deutsche Welle article see:
“What does China want from the Afghan peace process”?, January 2016
8th
, 9th
Paragraph
Siegfried O. Wolf, director of research at the Brussels-based South Asia Democratic
Forum (SADF), said the claims by some Chinese sources that Uighur militants use fake
Turkish passports to enter Afghanistan and Pakistan to join extremist groups makes
Beijing increasingly concerned about the long war in Afghanistan.
"In the Afghan and Pakistani camps, which are heavily funded by Saudi Arabia, Uighurs
receive ideological indoctrination as well as military training," said the analyst.
12th
Paragraph
China has also signed multibillion dollar deals with Afghanistan, some of which involve
the extraction of copper from the Mes Aynak mine in Logar Province - believed to be
worth $10 billion. State-owned company China Metallurgical Group Corporation
acquired the extraction rights of the mine in 2007 for $3.5 billion (2.6 billion euros), but
the project has never actually kicked off given the deteriorating security situation and
poor infrastructure in Afghanistan.
http://www.dw.com/en/what-does-china-want-from-the-afghan-peace-
process/a-19011501?maca=en-newsletter_asia_taeglich-5132-html-
newsletter