The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024

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talk to ACM SIGCHI Paris Chapter at Université Paris-Saclay, 19th March 2024. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/Paris-UX-2024/ From the 1980s graphical interfaces have dominated the way we envisage user interactions. While we know and teach our students about the importance of taking a wider perspective, the vast majority of tools used in practical UX (user experience) design are dominated by screens. In this talk I will explore ways in which future design can step beyond the pixelated surface. One strand is understanding the physical nature of devices, human bodies, and the environments within which they engage; this is addressed in my 2022 book “TouchIT – Understanding Design in a Physical-Digital World” co-authored with Steve Gill, Jo Hare, and Devina Ramduny-Ellis. The other strand is work over the last few years with Miriam Sturdee and Anna Carter, collectively entitled InContext, in which we have been exploring next generation UX tools, including investigative workshops and focus groups. While not a major issue, AI was mentioned in these workshops, but they were before the recent rise in awareness fostered by ChatGPT. I will contextualise this building on two other books that I am completing relating to AI and Human–Computer Interaction. I will demonstrate two tools that explore the space of design beyond the screen. One, ScenarioViewer enables screen-based prototypes, at various levels of fidelity, to be embedded within story-board-like contextual images. The other, PhysProto, allows physical prototypes to be interactively explored remotely using video clips and Physigrams, executable models of the physical behaviour of the device. These are prototypes of prototyping tools, but also provotypes, designed to provoke you to consider for yourself the future of UX design support tools.

Design

topics
• material design
• spatial layout
• the body
• digital artefacts
space and spatial
arrangement
digital artefacts
virtual physicality
material artefacts
and design
the body
physiology

• material design
• spatial layout
• the body
• digital artefacts
space and spatial
arrangement
digital artefacts
virtual physicality
material artefacts
and design
the body
physiology

model physical device states
the device ‘unplugged’
the device ‘unplugged’
switch
UP
DOWN
user pushes
switch up
and down
two visible …
and feelable …
states
physigram

model logical system
light
OFF
ON
two states
of the system

physical–logical mapping
light
OFF
ON
switch
UP
DOWN
user pushes
switch up
and down

exposed state
particularly easy to understand and use
but not always 1–1
light
OFF
ON
switch
UP
DOWN
user pushes
switch up
and down
mapping 1–1

compliant interaction
(1) system state visible through control
(2) system and user have similar effects
press
down
UP
DOWN
press
up
kettle switch
system
down
system
down
BOILING
Temp
< 100
POWER
OFF
POWER
ON
system state

14
bounce-back button
OUT
IN
user pushes
switch in
bounce
back
computer
OFF
ON
(a) (a)
switch
(a)
(z)

Covid response
workshops
Anna
Vasilchenko
Adriana
Wilde

prototyping physicality
https://alandix.com/labs/physproto/
https://hcibook.net/gen/PhysProto/v0/rockall

not just the screen
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_stares_at_itself_on_computer_monitor.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indoor_location_services_on_mobile_phone_(10928087126).jpg

context
matters
https://pixnio.com/media/umbrella-rain-pedestrian-women-walking
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_people_in_Hong_Kong_using_smartphones_whilst_walking.png
https://tireetechwave.org/

in situ
https://www.wales247.co.uk/digital-technology-gives-view-of-future-as-part-of-1bn-swansea-regeneration

next generation UX tools
current
state of
the art
new methods and tools
for existing interactions
tools for
new
interactions
physical–digital devices
audio, spatial, intelligent
broader context, tool integration,
connecting to developers

InContext
investigate
what is being used?
what next?
build
envisionments
and prototypes
teach
importance of context
in UX deisgn

do we need new UX tools?
loads of tools
of lots of different kinds
so what’s the problem?
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wlm_flows_draft4_2.png

UX Design Tools Survey 2021 with 3000+ users
HTTPS://UXTOOLS.CO/SURVEY-2021/
Product Designer
UX Developer
UI Designer

Current tool usage
Figma
Sketch
Adobe XD

beyond the wireframe …
scaffolding new designers
including rich context
enabling different modalities
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wlm_flows_draft4_2.png

investigate
what is being used?
what next?

CHI Workshop
Photos:
Konstantin Aal
University of Siegen

tinkering at the edges
https://datatodata.com/builder/

ScenarioViewer
screens in context
https://alandix.com/labs/scenario-viewer/
https://hcibook.net/experimental/scenario-viewer/demo/internet-fridge/

behind the scenes
transform: matrix3d(0.208836, 0.0683259, 0,
-1.8007e-05, 0.0132405, 0.187365, 0,
1.29374e-05, 0, 0, 1, 0, 840, 175, 0, 1);

what next?
workshops => roadmap
senses beyond sight
links to service design
context sketching made easy
early-stage data and architecture
integration … beyond 1970’s filesystem
AI …
maybe something for you?
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouquet_of_3_Roses.svg

the future of UX
design support tools
Alan Dix
https://alandix.com/academic/talks/Paris-UX-2024/

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Talk at EPIC CDT Away Day, St Davids Hotel, Cardiff, 11th April 2024. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/CDT-away-day-April-2024-QQ/ As academics we need to deal with numbers including project management spreadsheets and student marks. In addition, they are part of day-to-day life whether household budgeting or working out how many socks to pack for a journey. Perhaps most crucially, many national and global issues require an understanding of numeric information from climate change to tax rates, and of course the Covid-19 pandemic. If citizens are not able to make sense of this, democracy fails. Of course, many are not only uncertain when dealing with numbers, but suffer more or less extreme maths anxiety. Indeed a recent UK survey found that, “over a third of adults (35%) say that doing maths makes them feel anxious, while one in five are so fearful it even makes them feel physically sick”. Sometimes detailed calculations are necessary, but often the critical skill is qualitative–quantitative reasoning, that is a qualitative understanding of quantitative phenomena. This can after be aided by the ability to use back-of-the-envelope calculations and dealing with lightweight numeric information. This talk discusses these issues and presents some prototype tools to explore the design space for personal numeric information. This talk is largely the same as the one of the same name given at Ulster University in February. However, the slides have been updated to correct web material misattributed to BBC which was actually Guardian. An eagle-eyed member of the audience spotted that the font in the screenshot was one found in the Guardian online web and not the BBC.

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Seminar at University of Ulster, 21st February 2024. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/Ulster-2024-QQ/ As academics we need to deal with numbers including project management spreadsheets and student marks. In addition, they are part of day-to-day life whether household budgeting or working out how many socks to pack for a journey. Perhaps most crucially, many national and global issues require an understanding of numeric information from climate change to tax rates, and of course the Covid-19 pandemic. If citizens are not able to make sense of this, democracy fails. Of course, many are not only uncertain when dealing with numbers, but suffer more or less extreme maths anxiety. Indeed a recent UK survey found that, “over a third of adults (35%) say that doing maths makes them feel anxious, while one in five are so fearful it even makes them feel physically sick”. Sometimes detailed calculations are necessary, but often the critical skill is qualitative–quantitative reasoning, that is a qualitative understanding of quantitative phenomena. This can after be aided by the ability to use back-of-the-envelope calculations and dealing with lightweight numeric information. This talk discusses these issues and presents some prototype tools to explore the design space for personal numeric information.

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Invited talk at AMID 2023 – 1st International Workshop on Accessibility and Multimodal Interaction Design Approaches in Museums for People with Impairments, in conjunction with MoileHCI Conference, 26 Sept. 2023. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/AMID2023-exceptional/ Often accessibility is an afterthought or sticking plaster to fix the holes in an experience that was designed with a central audience in mind: maybe middle-aged, fully abled, well educated. Ideally we would have user experiences designed specifically for different kinds of modalities and in different tyles, not just because of the wide diversity of users, but also because any one user has varying needs and varying abilities at different times. In the context of a large museum or cultural institution this is already challenging, but appears impossible for smaller archives, or local community heritage. Yet if heritage and history is to be accessible this also applies to production, democratising digitisation and empowering marginalised groups.. We need appropriate architectures, tools, technology infrastructure and platforms, that make this not just possible, but simple. In this talk I offer some insights, some examples and many research challenges towards the goal of enabling exceptional experiences for everyone.

Exceptional Experiences for Everyone

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Keynote at 9th International Conference on Computing and Informatics (ICOCI 2023), "Nurturing an inclusive digital society for a sustainable nation", 13-14 September 2023, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://alandix.com/academic/talks/ICOCI2023-keynote/ AI is transforming many sectors of the economy and our day-today lives. We hear of success stories including medical advances, but also worries that AI will destroy jobs or even be an existential threat to humanity. We also know that for previous waves of technology – mechanical, electronic and digital – the costs and benefits do not fall equally to everyone in society. There are clear dangers that AI will further entrench existing power and deepen the digital divide: both at an individual level and globally. For example, training foundation models, such as GPT-4, requires enormous computational power and massive data sets accessible only to the largest corporations. However, the ways in which these can be used generatively in more niche areas, offers potential for minority languages and individualised learning that was previously only accessible to the rich. Whether the threats of AI or its opportunities dominate is not simply an abstract question, but one that impacts the most disadvantaged around us, and one that, as researchers and practitioners in digital technology, we can affect. If we truly want an inclusive digital society, then we need to make it happen.

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Position paper presented at Engineering Interactive Systems Embedding AI Technologies at EICS 2023, Swansea, Wales, UK. 27 June. 2023. https://alandix.com/academic/papers/EISEAIT2023-hidden/ Many critical user interaction design decisions are made in the heat of detailed development. These include simple parameter choices or more complex weightings in intelligent algorithms. Many would be appropriate for expert design review, user-preference choices or optimisation by machine learning, but they are buried deep in the code. Although the developer may realise this potential, the location of the decision is far removed in the code from where user feedback occurs, data can be collected and machine learning could be applied. This position paper describes several case studies and use them to frame an architectural challenge for tools and infrastructure to uncover these hidden variables to make them available for machine learning and user inspection.

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Keynote at Creative AI Research Conference 2023 https://alandix.com/academic/talks/CAR2023-keynote/ Over the years many of the ‘red lines’ of artificial intelligence have been crossed: challenges that were deemed to require uniquely human understanding. In 1997, chess fell as Deep Blue defeated Kasparov; then, twenty years later, AlphaGo beat Ke Jie, the world’s top Go player. Arguably, game playing can be considered artificial and formal, not representing the rich nuanced nature of human intelligence embodied in the real world. However, large language models have challenged these assumptions producing dialogue and texts that appear human – passing the Turing test . Furthermore, the text, and poems generated by ChatGPT and images created by DALL-E appear almost creative. Has the last bastion fallen or is it merely the babbling of ‘stochastic parrots’? Is AI the ultimate charlatan peddling plagiarism or instead the child’s cry that reveals the emperor’s cloths of human creativity are sham? And what does it mean to be creative anyway? I will attempt, if not to answer these deep questions, at least lay down some pointers. We will test the limits of the myth of the individual innate genius with inspiration gifted by the muses; and explore the way creativity is always embodied in culture and technology. Yet, while artists and philosophers debate, the child draws on.

ChatGPT, Culture and Creativity simulacrum and alterity

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Keynote at International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Research and Applications (CHIRA 2022), Malta, 27-28 Oct 2022. https://alandix.com/academic/talks/CHIRA2022-keynote/ Politicians have always been economical with the truth and newspapers have toed an editorial line. However, never in recent times does it seem that confidence in our media has been lower. From the Brexit battle bus in the UK to suspected Russian meddling in US elections, fake news to alternative facts – it seems impossible for the general public to make sense of the contradictory arguments and suspect evidence presented both in social media and traditional channels. Even seasoned journalists and editors seem unable to keep up with the pace and complexity of news. These problems were highlighted during Covid when understanding of complex epidemiological data was essential for effective government policy and individual responses. If democracy is to survive and nations coordinate to address global crises, we desperately need tools and methods to help ordinary people make sense of the extraordinary events around them: to sift fact from surmise, lies from mistakes, and reason from rhetoric. Similarly, journalists need the means to help them keep track of the surfeit of data and information so that the stories they tell us are rooted in solid evidence. Crucially in increasingly politically fragmented societies, we need to help citizens explore their conflicts and disagreements, not so that they will necessarily agree, but so that they can more clearly understand their differences. These are not easy problems and do not admit trite solutions. However, there is existing work that offers hope: tracing the provenance of press images, ways to expose the arguments in political debate, tracking the influence of news on electoral opinion. I hope that this talk will give hope that we can make a difference and offer challenges for future research.

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Seminar in University of Rome "La Sapienza", Friday, October 14th 2022. (Extended version of talk at AI Summit London 2021) All AI ultimately affects people, in some cases deeply buried, in others interacting directly with users, whether physically, such as autonomous vehicles, or virtually, such as recommender systems. In these interactions, AI may be a servant, such as Alexa operating on command; or AI may be the master, such as gig-work platforms telling workers what to do. However, potentially the most productive interactions are a symbiosis, human and AI complementing one another. Designing human-in-the-loop systems changes the requirements of both AI algorithms and user interfaces. This talk will explore some design principles and examples in this exciting area.

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Paper presented at British HCI Conference (BHCI2022), Keele, UK. 11-13 July 2022. https://www.alandix.com/academic/papers/BHCI2022-community/ This paper explores ways in which scholarly skill and expertise might be embodied in tools and sustainable practices that enable communities to create and manage their own digital archives. We focus particularly on tools and practices related to the recording and annotation of digitised materials. The paper is based on co-production practice in two very different kinds of community. Although the communities are different we find that tools designed specifically for one are valuable for others, thus offering the promise of general tools to support community-centred digitisation and potentially also traditional archival practice.

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Presented at MAPII 2022 -- Map-based Interfaces and Interactions. 7th June 2022, Rome, Italy. https://www.alandix.com/academic/papers/MAPII-2022/ Maps are not mere simulacra of the ground, but imbued with meaning. This is true at a geopolitical scale, but even more so for local community mapping. However, whilst digital mapping has made it easy to embed and customise maps in local websites or printed resources, it also runs the risk of de-humanising these resources, replacing rich meaning with unnecessary precision. This paper explores examples of how meaning can sit alongside the digital in map-based interactions. It then uses this backdrop to consider new challenges to help a living community where their physical village has been all but obliterated.

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Invited talk at AVI2CH 2022: Workshop on Advanced Visual Interfaces and Interactions in Cultural Heritage , Rome, Italy, 6th June https://alandix.com/academic/talks/AVI2CH-2022/ Local communities across the world have documents, artefacts and crucially memories that are precious but precarious. Digital tools to help communities record, curate and present their own heritage are important both for the life and empowerment of each community, and also to add to a broader historical body of knowledge. When designing digital interventions, there is an apparent tension between co-creating tools and processes that are meaningful for a particular community and creating generic tools that can be reused at scale. Tools created as part of ongoing engagements with two very different communities has shown that this apparent tension may be an illusion. Indeed, tools created very specifically for the local circumstances of one are also well-suited to the other. This is promising and suggests that it is possible to create human and technical infrastructure to democratise digitisation for cultural heritage in the small that has broad impact.

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Keynote at AVI 2022: Advanced Visual Interfaces, Rome, Italy, 6-10 June 2022 https://alandix.com/academic/talks/ AVI2022-keynote/ As cultures and individuals, we look back to look forward, explicitly using lessons of the past to guide our future decisions. In this 30th anniversary of the AVI conference we can also look back in order to make the next 30 years even better. In 1996 I gave a keynote at the third AVI, both describing my own work in formal modelling of user interactions, and also pondering variations of ‘advanced visual interfaces’, imagining advanced aural and advanced nasal interfaces. This was part playful but also serious, uncovering the way our different senses give us different cuts through space and time. In particular, smell is deeply associated with memory both personal and spatial – that is history. In the meantime, scent has been used as a metaphor for information seeking, and now long-promised smell-based interfaces are beginning to emerge; we are about to enter an exciting world of multi-sensory experiences. However, it is on the metaphoric sense of advanced visual and nasal interaction that I want to focus now. The importance of tracing what is past and planning what is to come. This is true for our discipline as a whole, but also in moment-to-moment digital interactions. On the first of April this year, Nielsen Norman Group posted an article entitled “Support Recall Instead of Recognition in UI Design”. It was meant as an April Fool’s Day joke, but in fact the move towards gesture-based touch interactions means this is precisely how many feel today. This has exacerbated the long-term weaknesses of visual interaction heuristics and guidance when it comes to looking back, making it hard to ask, “why did that happen?”, or “how did I manage that?”, especially for older users or those who are less confident with digital technology. Finally, as we move forwards to tackle these and new issues, we need to constantly question what constitutes ‘advanced’: a fast-moving highway for a few or a wider frontier for everyone. The latter often poses the hardest design challenges but is most critical in a world where being digital is central to being a citizen.

Follow your nose: history frames the future

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Online HCI and UX Online Seminars organised by Interacting with Computers and British Computer Society Interaction Specialist Group, 23rd May 2022 https://alandix.com/academic/talks/HCIUXseminar-2022/ Every interaction with a digital device is set in some form of physical and human context, and yet the most commonly used tools for UX design are focused purely on the screen. Rather than being a scaffold to build better interfaces, wireframes can feel like the barriers in a cattle ranch, herding us towards a small range of design options, looking inwards towards the device rather than outwards towards our users. The situation is even more difficult when we want to design interactions that involve other senses, such as sound, smells, and touch; or new forms of interaction, such as flexible displays, autonomous cars, smart buildings, and digital fabrication. In this talk I’ll describe both some of my own personal journey and the InContext project that is thinking about more wholistic tools for design that incorporate rich context, multiple modalities, and end-to-end connections between design and development. The talk will outline both our own thinking and outcomes from a series of InContext workshops, most recently at CHI 2022. We do not have answers to all the open questions, but I will also demonstrate several early prototypes addressing different facets of design that are underrepresented in current generation design tools. Most important, I hope that this will open up a roadmap of ideas that others may also follow to create better tools for the next generation of UX designers and developers.

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Building a community that embraces diversity https://www.swansea.ac.uk/science/epsrc-centre-for-doctoral-training/ Recruiting now for 2022 Intake. Deadline for applications 25th March Join us and change the world * Creative training to help you achieve your academic potential•Collaboration with industry partners on people-first research projects to solve real-world problems • Support from world-leading academics in fields of Computational Science and Mathematical excellence • Gain an MSc in your first year of study, going on to achieve a PhD by fourth year of study • Fully funded places available (fees plus maintenance stipend set at the UKRI rate, currently £15,609 per annum for 2021/22 for full-time students, updated each year) Based at the Computational Foundry, Swansea's £32.5 million state of the art research centre a stone's throw from the beautiful beaches of the Gower. We welcome applications from anyone who can help in the mission of the Centre • You should have an aptitude in computational thinking including the ability to write software (or enthusiasm to learn) • This may be evidenced by a degree in Computer Science, Physics, Engineering or Mathematics • Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences, Law, and Management graduates are also encouraged to apply Visit our website to find out application details, videos from our students, staff and academic partners on what life is like at the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Enhancing Human Interactions and Collaborations with Data and Intelligence Driven Systems: https://www.swansea.ac.uk/science/epsrc-centre-for-doctoral-training/

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Qualitative–Quantitative reasoning and lightweight numbers

Invited talk at Diversifying Knowledge Production in HCI

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Inclusivity and AI: opportunity or threat

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ChatGPT, Culture and Creativity simulacrum and alterity

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Forever Cyborgs – a long view on physical-digital interaction

Truth in an Age of Information

Rome Seminar: Designing User Interactions with AI

Tools and technology to support rich community heritage

Maps with Meaning

Democratising Digitisation Tools to Support Small Community Archives

Follow your nose: history frames the future

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1. Alan Dix https://alandix.com/ https://alandix.com/academic/talks/Paris-UX-2024/ @alanjohndix The future of UX design support tools

2. background …

4. topics • material design • spatial layout • the body • digital artefacts space and spatial arrangement digital artefacts virtual physicality material artefacts and design the body physiology

6. physical interactions

7. • material design • spatial layout • the body • digital artefacts space and spatial arrangement digital artefacts virtual physicality material artefacts and design the body physiology

8. model physical device states the device ‘unplugged’ the device ‘unplugged’ switch UP DOWN user pushes switch up and down two visible … and feelable … states physigram

9. model logical system light OFF ON two states of the system

10. physical–logical mapping light OFF ON switch UP DOWN user pushes switch up and down

11. exposed state particularly easy to understand and use but not always 1–1 light OFF ON switch UP DOWN user pushes switch up and down mapping 1–1

12. controlled state

13. compliant interaction (1) system state visible through control (2) system and user have similar effects press down UP DOWN press up kettle switch system down system down BOILING Temp < 100 POWER OFF POWER ON system state

14. 14 bounce-back button OUT IN user pushes switch in bounce back computer OFF ON (a) (a) switch (a) (z)

15. give it to designers …

16. Covid response workshops Anna Vasilchenko Adriana Wilde

17. prototyping physicality https://alandix.com/labs/physproto/ https://hcibook.net/gen/PhysProto/v0/rockall

18. playing physically virtually

19. behind the scenes physigram

20.

21. physical context

22. • material design • spatial layout • the body • digital artefacts space and spatial arrangement digital artefacts virtual physicality material artefacts and design the body physiology

23. not just the screen https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cat_stares_at_itself_on_computer_monitor.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indoor_location_services_on_mobile_phone_(10928087126).jpg

24. context matters https://pixnio.com/media/umbrella-rain-pedestrian-women-walking https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_people_in_Hong_Kong_using_smartphones_whilst_walking.png https://tireetechwave.org/

25.

26. Anna Carter Alan Dix Miriam Sturdee

27.

28. in situ https://www.wales247.co.uk/digital-technology-gives-view-of-future-as-part-of-1bn-swansea-regeneration

29.

30.

31. next generation UX tools current state of the art new methods and tools for existing interactions tools for new interactions physical–digital devices audio, spatial, intelligent broader context, tool integration, connecting to developers

32. InContext investigate what is being used? what next? build envisionments and prototypes teach importance of context in UX deisgn

33. do we need new UX tools? loads of tools of lots of different kinds so what’s the problem? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wlm_flows_draft4_2.png

34. UX Design Tools Survey 2021 with 3000+ users HTTPS://UXTOOLS.CO/SURVEY-2021/ Product Designer UX Developer UI Designer

35. Current tool usage Figma Sketch Adobe XD

36. Figma SKETCH ADOBE XD

37. beyond the wireframe … scaffolding new designers including rich context enabling different modalities https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wlm_flows_draft4_2.png

38.

39. investigate what is being used? what next?

40. remote workshops

41. CHI Workshop Photos: Konstantin Aal University of Siegen

42.

43. build envisionments and prototypes

44. storyboard designs with context

45. tinkering at the edges https://datatodata.com/builder/

46. ScenarioViewer screens in context https://alandix.com/labs/scenario-viewer/ https://hcibook.net/experimental/scenario-viewer/demo/internet-fridge/

47. behind the scenes transform: matrix3d(0.208836, 0.0683259, 0, -1.8007e-05, 0.0132405, 0.187365, 0, 1.29374e-05, 0, 0, 1, 0, 840, 175, 0, 1);

48. what next? workshops => roadmap senses beyond sight links to service design context sketching made easy early-stage data and architecture integration … beyond 1970’s filesystem AI … maybe something for you? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bouquet_of_3_Roses.svg

49. the future of UX design support tools Alan Dix https://alandix.com/academic/talks/Paris-UX-2024/

The future of UX design support tools - talk Paris March 2024

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