Empowerment is now increasingly seen as a process
by which the one’s without power gain greater control over
their lives. This means control over material assets,
intellectual resources and ideology. It involves power to, with
and power within. Some define empowerment as a process of
awareness and conscientization, of capacity building leading to
greater participation, effective decision-making power and
control leading to transformative action. In this paper we use
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to analyze the standard of living to
empower women with decision making power over their work
and income which in turn promotes happiness
Passion and Love (P/L) with Knowledge and Understanding (K/U): Coherence, Con...SyedVAhamed
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of personality in two parallel tracks as an infant evolves to be a unique individual in society. The primary track is based on the acquired knowledge that is appended to the genetic code or information that the infant inherits from both parents. This track is essential for survival and is the primary instinct to just live on from one moment to the next. It shapes a baby from an infant in the world, a child in a family, a person in a society. If this progression can be conceived as an evolutionary trail for the progress in an orderly fashion to enhance and grow in a knowledge domain, then a secondary, simultaneous and a parallel track also evolves to shape the emotions of the baby, the feeling of the child and the passion of the person. The feeling, emotions, and passions exist during every stage, however unperceived they might be. The baby smiles and cries, and is happy just as much as a child is joyful or sad, or is excited. As much as this parallelism exists, we extend the parallel evolution of the two tracks deep and prolonged into adulthood, maturity, and old age of the human being in the society. Whereas the knowledge trail enhances the child, adult, and mature human to become educated, knowledgeable, wise, and ethical, the passion trail deeply resident in the mind, makes the person (during all stages of life) realistic, honest, loving, and passionate.
The paper "Worldwide Indigenous Institution - A Seed from the Future" provides a meta-frame on the importance of having powerful Digital Indigenous Institutions to address the overlapping crises of our time.This is also the text that Mycelia used to emerge.
Impact of Social Media on Youth Activism and Nation Building in Prevasive Soc...MangaiK4
Abstract- Youth is the major assets of a nation, we need to channel their energy accordingly and dissipate it appropriately for the benefits of a nation and humanity as a whole. Social media has how become indispensable in our societies. Most of the major social media are predominated by the youth, exploiting it for one purpose or the other. In this paper we analyzed how youth could constructively, the role of social media and it's how it build a nation and achieve a promising future not only for themselves but equality for the upcoming generations using Neutrosophic cognitive maps. This paper has four sections. In section one, we give an introduction about Pervasive social Media. Section two we recall the definition of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMS) Section three is deals with the methods of finding the hidden pattern in NCMs and analysis of Features or Characters of Youth and Youth Activism. In final section we give the conclusion based on our study.
Capability approch by Amorto Shen.pptxMahiMozumder
The capability approach is a comprehensive tool that gives economics a "sociological turn." An interdisciplinary technique known as the capability approach is used to research social concerns like wellbeing, justice, inequality, and public policies
Passion and Love (P/L) with Knowledge and Understanding (K/U): Coherence, Con...SyedVAhamed
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of personality in two parallel tracks as an infant evolves to be a unique individual in society. The primary track is based on the acquired knowledge that is appended to the genetic code or information that the infant inherits from both parents. This track is essential for survival and is the primary instinct to just live on from one moment to the next. It shapes a baby from an infant in the world, a child in a family, a person in a society. If this progression can be conceived as an evolutionary trail for the progress in an orderly fashion to enhance and grow in a knowledge domain, then a secondary, simultaneous and a parallel track also evolves to shape the emotions of the baby, the feeling of the child and the passion of the person. The feeling, emotions, and passions exist during every stage, however unperceived they might be. The baby smiles and cries, and is happy just as much as a child is joyful or sad, or is excited. As much as this parallelism exists, we extend the parallel evolution of the two tracks deep and prolonged into adulthood, maturity, and old age of the human being in the society. Whereas the knowledge trail enhances the child, adult, and mature human to become educated, knowledgeable, wise, and ethical, the passion trail deeply resident in the mind, makes the person (during all stages of life) realistic, honest, loving, and passionate.
The paper "Worldwide Indigenous Institution - A Seed from the Future" provides a meta-frame on the importance of having powerful Digital Indigenous Institutions to address the overlapping crises of our time.This is also the text that Mycelia used to emerge.
Impact of Social Media on Youth Activism and Nation Building in Prevasive Soc...MangaiK4
Abstract- Youth is the major assets of a nation, we need to channel their energy accordingly and dissipate it appropriately for the benefits of a nation and humanity as a whole. Social media has how become indispensable in our societies. Most of the major social media are predominated by the youth, exploiting it for one purpose or the other. In this paper we analyzed how youth could constructively, the role of social media and it's how it build a nation and achieve a promising future not only for themselves but equality for the upcoming generations using Neutrosophic cognitive maps. This paper has four sections. In section one, we give an introduction about Pervasive social Media. Section two we recall the definition of Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMS) Section three is deals with the methods of finding the hidden pattern in NCMs and analysis of Features or Characters of Youth and Youth Activism. In final section we give the conclusion based on our study.
Capability approch by Amorto Shen.pptxMahiMozumder
The capability approach is a comprehensive tool that gives economics a "sociological turn." An interdisciplinary technique known as the capability approach is used to research social concerns like wellbeing, justice, inequality, and public policies
Methods to Maximize the well being and Vitality of Moribund Communitiespraveena06
Abstract-It has become the primary concern for the governments to chart effective methods and policies to revitalize the communities which are on the verge of extinction, most of which are indigenous. This has become more relevant and important in an era of liberalization, which more often adversely affects the welfare of such communities. In this paper we make an effort to identify and qualify measures that would revitalize moribund communities and to quantify them using fuzzy analysis. We come out with concrete suggestions for the governments and the policy makers which can be easily put in action.
Methods to Maximize the well-being and Vitality of Moribund Communitiesijdmtaiir
It has become the primary concern for the
governments to chart effective methods and policies to
revitalize the communities which are on the verge of
extinction, most of which are indigenous. This has become
more relevant and important in an era of liberalization, which
more often adversely affects the welfare of such communities.
In this paper we make an effort to identify and qualify
measures that would revitalize moribund communities and to
quantify them using fuzzy analysis. We come out with concrete
suggestions for the governments and the policy makers which
can be easily put in action.
Perspectives on Ethics of AI Computer Science∗ Benjamin .docxkarlhennesey
Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Computer Science∗
Benjamin Kuipers†
August 14, 2019
Abstract
AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior,
including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge, far
from completely understood, that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other
AIs) decide how they and others should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping
groups.
First, potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about the impacts they may have on human
well-being, just like other powerful tools or technologies such as nuclear power or genetic engineering.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots and other AIs have the potential to be considered as
members of our society. Since they will make their own decisions about the actions they take, it is
appropriate for humans to expect them to behave ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of
understanding the structure, content, and purpose of ethical knowledge, well enough to implement ethics
in artificial agents.
This chapter describes a computational view of the function of ethics in human society, and discusses its
application to three diverse examples.
∗Draft chapter for the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, edited by Markus Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das, to appear,
2019.
†[email protected] Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
1 Why Is the Ethics of AI Important?
AI uses computational methods to study human knowledge, learning, and behavior, in part by
building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge that helps
agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others
should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping groups.
First, like other powerful tools or technologies (e.g., genetic engineering or nuclear power),
potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about their impact on human well-being.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots (e.g., autonomous vehicles) and other AIs
(e.g., high-speed trading systems) make their own decisions about the actions they take, and thus
could be considered as members of our society. Humans should be able to expect them to behave
ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of understanding the function, structure, and
content of ethical knowledge well enough to implement ethics in artificial agents.
As the deployment of AI, machine learning, and intelligent robotics becomes increasingly
widespread, these problems become increasingly urgent.
2 What is the Function of Ethics?
“At the heart of ethics are two questions: (1) What should I do?, and (2) What sort of person
should I be?”1 Ethics consists of principles for deciding how to act ...
Perspectives on Ethics of AI Computer Science∗ Benjamin .docxssuser562afc1
Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Computer Science∗
Benjamin Kuipers†
August 14, 2019
Abstract
AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior,
including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge, far
from completely understood, that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other
AIs) decide how they and others should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping
groups.
First, potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about the impacts they may have on human
well-being, just like other powerful tools or technologies such as nuclear power or genetic engineering.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots and other AIs have the potential to be considered as
members of our society. Since they will make their own decisions about the actions they take, it is
appropriate for humans to expect them to behave ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of
understanding the structure, content, and purpose of ethical knowledge, well enough to implement ethics
in artificial agents.
This chapter describes a computational view of the function of ethics in human society, and discusses its
application to three diverse examples.
∗Draft chapter for the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, edited by Markus Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das, to appear,
2019.
†[email protected] Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
1 Why Is the Ethics of AI Important?
AI uses computational methods to study human knowledge, learning, and behavior, in part by
building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge that helps
agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others
should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping groups.
First, like other powerful tools or technologies (e.g., genetic engineering or nuclear power),
potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about their impact on human well-being.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots (e.g., autonomous vehicles) and other AIs
(e.g., high-speed trading systems) make their own decisions about the actions they take, and thus
could be considered as members of our society. Humans should be able to expect them to behave
ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of understanding the function, structure, and
content of ethical knowledge well enough to implement ethics in artificial agents.
As the deployment of AI, machine learning, and intelligent robotics becomes increasingly
widespread, these problems become increasingly urgent.
2 What is the Function of Ethics?
“At the heart of ethics are two questions: (1) What should I do?, and (2) What sort of person
should I be?”1 Ethics consists of principles for deciding how to act .
Essay on Money | Money Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Money essay writing - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Invest Your Money for Bright Future - We Write Praiseworthy Essays by .... How To Spend Money Wisely Essay / 10 tips to help entrepreneurs manage .... Will write essays for money. Essay on money - Its uses and abuses. Summary Of Money Galore Analysis Essay Example. Importance of Money Essay - RebeccasrDavenport. Saving Money on Your Car Free Essay Example. Importance of Saving Money Essay - JayleneecBowen. Best Essay Writing Service, Essay Writing Skills, English Writing .... Simple ways to save money essay. Easy Essay on 'The Right use of Money' for 12th and 10th classes free .... An expository essay on money.
Breast Cancer Information Essay Free Essay Example. Skin cancer research paper conclusion / custom essay paper writing. Breast cancer college essays. Top Cancer Essay ~ Thatsnotus. How the American Cancer Society Might Provide Education and Support .... Essay on Cancer | Cancer Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Environmental Factors that Could Cause Cancer Essay Example | Topics .... essay examples: Breast Cancer Essay. Cancer Writing Assignment | PDF | Cancer | Clinical Medicine.
Breast Cancer Information Essay Free Essay Example. Skin cancer research paper conclusion / custom essay paper writing. Breast cancer college essays. Top Cancer Essay ~ Thatsnotus. How the American Cancer Society Might Provide Education and Support .... Essay on Cancer | Cancer Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Environmental Factors that Could Cause Cancer Essay Example | Topics .... essay examples: Breast Cancer Essay. Cancer Writing Assignment | PDF | Cancer | Clinical Medicine.
Concept of community "What is community" Concept about itProfessor5G
The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia).
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.
Essays On Teaching. Essay on Teaching Profession amp; Its Benefits - EnglishG...Carolyn Collum
Essay on Teaching Profession & Its Benefits - EnglishGrammarSoft. 006 Philosophy Of Teaching Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Essays on effective teaching. Teachers Essay. Narrative Essay: The best teacher essay. 003 Essay On Philosophy Of Education Cover Letter Life Essays Examples .... Step-By-Step Guide to Essay Writing - ESL Buzz. Essays on Teaching Profession | Kindergarten | Teachers. "I Am a Teacher" 2011 Texas Teacher of the Year essay by ATPE member .... Essay The importance of teaching english in elementary school - The .... 003 Philosophy Of Teaching Essay ~ Thatsnotus. My teaching reflection. Teacher’s Passionate Essay Brings Year’s Worth of School Supplies to .... Write Essay Free Online / How to Write a Remarkable Essay Infographic .... 010 Essay Example Teaching Writing In English My Favourite Teacher At .... essay examples: Why I Want To Be A Teacher Essay. If I Were A Teacher Essay. Educational Philosophy Essay | PDF | Philosophy Of Education | Classroom. My Reflection Paper - Practice Teaching | Lesson Plan | Teachers. Scholarship essay: Essay teacher. Essay for education - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. College Essay: Teaching essay. (PDF) A Reflective Essay on Various Methods of Language Teaching. ᐅ Essays On Teaching Philosophy
Democracy Essay.doc | Democracy | Forms Of Government | Free 30-day .... ESSAY ON DEMOCRACY | Muhammad Zia Ul Haq | Pakistan. In The Name of Democracy - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com.
A review on data mining techniques for Digital Mammographic Analysisijdmtaiir
- Medical Data mining is the search for relationships
and patterns within the medical data that could provide useful
knowledge for effective medical diagnosis. The predictability
of disease will become more effective and early detection of
disease will aid in increased exposure to required patient care
and improved cure rates using computational applications.
Review shows that the reasons for feature selection include
improvement in performance prediction, reduction in
computational requirements, reduction in data storage
requirements, reduction in the cost of future measurements
and improvement in data or model understanding
Comparison on PCA ICA and LDA in Face Recognitionijdmtaiir
Face recognition is used in wide range of application.
In recent years, face recognition has become one of the most
successful applications in image analysis and understanding.
Different statistical method and research groups reported a
contradictory result when comparing principal component
analysis (PCA) algorithm, independent component analysis
(ICA) algorithm, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
algorithm that has been proposed in recent years. The goal of
this paper is to compare and analyze the three algorithms and
conclude which is best. Feret Dataset is used for consistency
A Novel Approach to Mathematical Concepts in Data Miningijdmtaiir
-This paper describes three different fundamental
mathematical programming approaches that are relevant to
data mining. They are: Feature Selection, Clustering and
Robust Representation. This paper comprises of two clustering
algorithms such as K-mean algorithm and K-median
algorithms. Clustering is illustrated by the unsupervised
learning of patterns and clusters that may exist in a given
databases and useful tool for Knowledge Discovery in
Database (KDD). The results of k-median algorithm are used
to collecting the blood cancer patient from a medical database.
K-mean clustering is a data mining/machine learning algorithm
used to cluster observations into groups of related observations
without any prior knowledge of those relationships. The kmean algorithm is one of the simplest clustering techniques
and it is commonly used in medical imaging, biometrics and
related fields.
Analysis of Classification Algorithm in Data Miningijdmtaiir
Data Mining is the extraction of hidden predictive
information from large database. Classification is the process
of finding a model that describes and distinguishes data classes
or concept. This paper performs the study of prediction of class
label using C4.5 and Naïve Bayesian algorithm.C4.5 generates
classifiers expressed as decision trees from a fixed set of
examples. The resulting tree is used to classify future samples
.The leaf nodes of the decision tree contain the class name
whereas a non-leaf node is a decision node. The decision node
is an attribute test with each branch (to another decision tree)
being a possible value of the attribute. C4.5 uses information
gain to help it decide which attribute goes into a decision node.
A Naïve Bayesian classifier is a simple probabilistic classifier
based on applying Baye’s theorem with strong (naive)
independence assumptions. Naive Bayesian classifier assumes
that the effect of an attribute value on a given class is
independent of the values of the other attribute. This
assumption is called class conditional independence. The
results indicate that Predicting of class label using Naïve
Bayesian classifier is very effective and simple compared to
C4.5 classifier
Performance Analysis of Selected Classifiers in User Profilingijdmtaiir
User profiles can serve as indicators of personal
preferences which can be effectively used while providing
personalized services. Building user files which can capture
accurate information of individuals has been a daunting task.
Several attempts have been made by researchers to extract
information from different data sources to build user profiles
on different application domains. Towards this end, in this
paper we employ different classification algorithmsto create
accurate user profiles based on information gathered from
demographic data. The aim of this work is to analyze the
performance of five most effective classification methods,
namely Bayesian Network(BN), Naïve Bayesian(NB), Naives
Bayes Updateable(NBU), J48, and Decision Table(DT). Our
simulation results show that, in general, the J48has the highest
classification accuracy performance with the lowest error rate.
On the other hand, it is found that Naïve Bayesian and Naives
Bayes Updateable classifiers have the lowest time requirement
to build the classification model
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Methods to Maximize the well being and Vitality of Moribund Communitiespraveena06
Abstract-It has become the primary concern for the governments to chart effective methods and policies to revitalize the communities which are on the verge of extinction, most of which are indigenous. This has become more relevant and important in an era of liberalization, which more often adversely affects the welfare of such communities. In this paper we make an effort to identify and qualify measures that would revitalize moribund communities and to quantify them using fuzzy analysis. We come out with concrete suggestions for the governments and the policy makers which can be easily put in action.
Methods to Maximize the well-being and Vitality of Moribund Communitiesijdmtaiir
It has become the primary concern for the
governments to chart effective methods and policies to
revitalize the communities which are on the verge of
extinction, most of which are indigenous. This has become
more relevant and important in an era of liberalization, which
more often adversely affects the welfare of such communities.
In this paper we make an effort to identify and qualify
measures that would revitalize moribund communities and to
quantify them using fuzzy analysis. We come out with concrete
suggestions for the governments and the policy makers which
can be easily put in action.
Perspectives on Ethics of AI Computer Science∗ Benjamin .docxkarlhennesey
Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Computer Science∗
Benjamin Kuipers†
August 14, 2019
Abstract
AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior,
including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge, far
from completely understood, that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other
AIs) decide how they and others should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping
groups.
First, potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about the impacts they may have on human
well-being, just like other powerful tools or technologies such as nuclear power or genetic engineering.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots and other AIs have the potential to be considered as
members of our society. Since they will make their own decisions about the actions they take, it is
appropriate for humans to expect them to behave ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of
understanding the structure, content, and purpose of ethical knowledge, well enough to implement ethics
in artificial agents.
This chapter describes a computational view of the function of ethics in human society, and discusses its
application to three diverse examples.
∗Draft chapter for the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, edited by Markus Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das, to appear,
2019.
†[email protected] Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
1 Why Is the Ethics of AI Important?
AI uses computational methods to study human knowledge, learning, and behavior, in part by
building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge that helps
agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others
should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping groups.
First, like other powerful tools or technologies (e.g., genetic engineering or nuclear power),
potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about their impact on human well-being.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots (e.g., autonomous vehicles) and other AIs
(e.g., high-speed trading systems) make their own decisions about the actions they take, and thus
could be considered as members of our society. Humans should be able to expect them to behave
ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of understanding the function, structure, and
content of ethical knowledge well enough to implement ethics in artificial agents.
As the deployment of AI, machine learning, and intelligent robotics becomes increasingly
widespread, these problems become increasingly urgent.
2 What is the Function of Ethics?
“At the heart of ethics are two questions: (1) What should I do?, and (2) What sort of person
should I be?”1 Ethics consists of principles for deciding how to act ...
Perspectives on Ethics of AI Computer Science∗ Benjamin .docxssuser562afc1
Perspectives on Ethics of AI: Computer Science∗
Benjamin Kuipers†
August 14, 2019
Abstract
AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior,
including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge, far
from completely understood, that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other
AIs) decide how they and others should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping
groups.
First, potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about the impacts they may have on human
well-being, just like other powerful tools or technologies such as nuclear power or genetic engineering.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots and other AIs have the potential to be considered as
members of our society. Since they will make their own decisions about the actions they take, it is
appropriate for humans to expect them to behave ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of
understanding the structure, content, and purpose of ethical knowledge, well enough to implement ethics
in artificial agents.
This chapter describes a computational view of the function of ethics in human society, and discusses its
application to three diverse examples.
∗Draft chapter for the Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, edited by Markus Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das, to appear,
2019.
†[email protected] Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
1 Why Is the Ethics of AI Important?
AI uses computational methods to study human knowledge, learning, and behavior, in part by
building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge that helps
agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others
should behave. The ethical issues raised by AI fall into two overlapping groups.
First, like other powerful tools or technologies (e.g., genetic engineering or nuclear power),
potential deployments of AI raise ethical questions about their impact on human well-being.
Second, unlike other technologies, intelligent robots (e.g., autonomous vehicles) and other AIs
(e.g., high-speed trading systems) make their own decisions about the actions they take, and thus
could be considered as members of our society. Humans should be able to expect them to behave
ethically. This requires AI research with the goal of understanding the function, structure, and
content of ethical knowledge well enough to implement ethics in artificial agents.
As the deployment of AI, machine learning, and intelligent robotics becomes increasingly
widespread, these problems become increasingly urgent.
2 What is the Function of Ethics?
“At the heart of ethics are two questions: (1) What should I do?, and (2) What sort of person
should I be?”1 Ethics consists of principles for deciding how to act .
Essay on Money | Money Essay for Students and Children in English - A .... Money essay writing - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. Invest Your Money for Bright Future - We Write Praiseworthy Essays by .... How To Spend Money Wisely Essay / 10 tips to help entrepreneurs manage .... Will write essays for money. Essay on money - Its uses and abuses. Summary Of Money Galore Analysis Essay Example. Importance of Money Essay - RebeccasrDavenport. Saving Money on Your Car Free Essay Example. Importance of Saving Money Essay - JayleneecBowen. Best Essay Writing Service, Essay Writing Skills, English Writing .... Simple ways to save money essay. Easy Essay on 'The Right use of Money' for 12th and 10th classes free .... An expository essay on money.
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Concept of community "What is community" Concept about itProfessor5G
The word "community" is derived from Latin and has been used in the English language since the 14th century. The word community is derived from the Latin communitas (meaning the same), which is in turn derived from communis, which means "common, public, shared by all or many" (encyclopedia).
A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) who have something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity. Communities often share a sense of place that is situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, town, or neighborhood) or in virtual space through communication platforms.It is a social group sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Human beings, like many other species, are essentially social beings, and naturally form communities which often develop into more structured societies.
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Similar to The Empowerment of Women in Promoting Happiness in her Own Environment using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (17)
A review on data mining techniques for Digital Mammographic Analysisijdmtaiir
- Medical Data mining is the search for relationships
and patterns within the medical data that could provide useful
knowledge for effective medical diagnosis. The predictability
of disease will become more effective and early detection of
disease will aid in increased exposure to required patient care
and improved cure rates using computational applications.
Review shows that the reasons for feature selection include
improvement in performance prediction, reduction in
computational requirements, reduction in data storage
requirements, reduction in the cost of future measurements
and improvement in data or model understanding
Comparison on PCA ICA and LDA in Face Recognitionijdmtaiir
Face recognition is used in wide range of application.
In recent years, face recognition has become one of the most
successful applications in image analysis and understanding.
Different statistical method and research groups reported a
contradictory result when comparing principal component
analysis (PCA) algorithm, independent component analysis
(ICA) algorithm, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
algorithm that has been proposed in recent years. The goal of
this paper is to compare and analyze the three algorithms and
conclude which is best. Feret Dataset is used for consistency
A Novel Approach to Mathematical Concepts in Data Miningijdmtaiir
-This paper describes three different fundamental
mathematical programming approaches that are relevant to
data mining. They are: Feature Selection, Clustering and
Robust Representation. This paper comprises of two clustering
algorithms such as K-mean algorithm and K-median
algorithms. Clustering is illustrated by the unsupervised
learning of patterns and clusters that may exist in a given
databases and useful tool for Knowledge Discovery in
Database (KDD). The results of k-median algorithm are used
to collecting the blood cancer patient from a medical database.
K-mean clustering is a data mining/machine learning algorithm
used to cluster observations into groups of related observations
without any prior knowledge of those relationships. The kmean algorithm is one of the simplest clustering techniques
and it is commonly used in medical imaging, biometrics and
related fields.
Analysis of Classification Algorithm in Data Miningijdmtaiir
Data Mining is the extraction of hidden predictive
information from large database. Classification is the process
of finding a model that describes and distinguishes data classes
or concept. This paper performs the study of prediction of class
label using C4.5 and Naïve Bayesian algorithm.C4.5 generates
classifiers expressed as decision trees from a fixed set of
examples. The resulting tree is used to classify future samples
.The leaf nodes of the decision tree contain the class name
whereas a non-leaf node is a decision node. The decision node
is an attribute test with each branch (to another decision tree)
being a possible value of the attribute. C4.5 uses information
gain to help it decide which attribute goes into a decision node.
A Naïve Bayesian classifier is a simple probabilistic classifier
based on applying Baye’s theorem with strong (naive)
independence assumptions. Naive Bayesian classifier assumes
that the effect of an attribute value on a given class is
independent of the values of the other attribute. This
assumption is called class conditional independence. The
results indicate that Predicting of class label using Naïve
Bayesian classifier is very effective and simple compared to
C4.5 classifier
Performance Analysis of Selected Classifiers in User Profilingijdmtaiir
User profiles can serve as indicators of personal
preferences which can be effectively used while providing
personalized services. Building user files which can capture
accurate information of individuals has been a daunting task.
Several attempts have been made by researchers to extract
information from different data sources to build user profiles
on different application domains. Towards this end, in this
paper we employ different classification algorithmsto create
accurate user profiles based on information gathered from
demographic data. The aim of this work is to analyze the
performance of five most effective classification methods,
namely Bayesian Network(BN), Naïve Bayesian(NB), Naives
Bayes Updateable(NBU), J48, and Decision Table(DT). Our
simulation results show that, in general, the J48has the highest
classification accuracy performance with the lowest error rate.
On the other hand, it is found that Naïve Bayesian and Naives
Bayes Updateable classifiers have the lowest time requirement
to build the classification model
Analysis of Sales and Distribution of an IT Industry Using Data Mining Techni...ijdmtaiir
The goal of this work is to allow a corporation to
improve its marketing, sales, and customer support operations
through a better understanding of its customers. Keep in mind,
however, that the data mining techniques and tools described
here are equally applicable in fields ranging from law
enforcement to radio astronomy, medicine, and industrial
process control. Businesses in today’s environment
increasingly focus on gaining competitive advantages.
Organizations have recognized that the effective use of data is
the key element in the next generation is to predict the sales
value and emerging trend of technology market. Data is
becoming an important resource for the companies to analyze
existing sales value with current technology trends and this
will be more useful for the companies to identify future sales
value. There a variety of data analysis and modeling techniques
to discover patterns and relationships in data that are used to
understand what your customers want and predict what they
will do. The main focus of this is to help companies to select
the right prospects on whom to focus, offer the right additional
products to company’s existing customers and identify good
customers who may be about to leave. This results in improved
revenue because of a greatly improved ability to respond to
each individual contact in the best way and reduced costs due
to properly allocated resources. Keywords: sales, customer,
technology, profit.
Analysis of Influences of memory on Cognitive load Using Neural Network Back ...ijdmtaiir
Educational mining used to evaluate the leaner's
performance and the learning environment. The learning
process are involved and influenced by different
components. The memory is playing vital role in the
process of learning. The long term, short term, working,
instant, responsive, process, recollect, reference,
instruction and action memory are involved in the
process of learning. The influencing factors on these
memories are identified through the construction analysis
of Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm. The
observed set of data represented using cubical dataset
format for the mining approach. The mining process is
carried out using neural network based back propagation
network model to decide the influencing cognitive load
for the different learning challenges. The learners’
difficulties are identified through the experimental
results.
An Analysis of Data Mining Applications for Fraud Detection in Securities Marketijdmtaiir
-In recent securities fraud broadly refers to deceptive
practices in connection with the offering for sale of securities.
There are many challenges involved in developing data mining
applications for fraud detection in securities market, including:
massive datasets, accuracy, privacy, performance measures and
complexity. The impacts on the market and the training of
regulators are other issues that need to be addressed. In this
paper we present the results of a Comprehensive systematic
literature review on data mining techniques for detecting
fraudulent activities and market manipulation in securities
market. We identify the best practices that are based on data
mining methods for detecting known fraudulent patterns and
discovering new predatory strategies. Furthermore, we
highlight the challenges faced in the development and
implementation of data mining systems for detecting market
manipulation in securities market and we provide
recommendation for future research works accordingly
An Ill-identified Classification to Predict Cardiac Disease Using Data Cluste...ijdmtaiir
The health care industry contains large amount of
health care data with hidden information. This information is
useful for making effective decision. For getting appropriate
result from the hidden information computer based data mining
techniques are used. Previously Neural Network (NN) is
widely used for predicting cardiac disease. In this paper, a
Cardiac Disease Prediction System (CDPS) is developed by
using data clustering. The CDPS system uses 15 parameters to
predict the disease, for example BP, Obesity, cholesterol, etc.
This 15 attributes like sex, age, weight are given as the input.
In this paper by using the patient’s medical record, an illdefined classification is used at the early stage of the patient to
diagnose the cardiac disease. Based on the result the patients
are advised to keep the sensor to predict them.
Scaling Down Dimensions and Feature Extraction in Document Repository Classif...ijdmtaiir
-In this study a comprehensive evaluation of two
supervised feature selection methods for dimensionality
reduction is performed - Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and
Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This is gauged against
unsupervised techniques like fuzzy feature clustering using
hard fuzzy C-means (FCM) . The main objective of the study is
to estimate the relative efficiency of two supervised techniques
against unsupervised fuzzy techniques while reducing the
feature space. It is found that clustering using FCM leads to
better accuracy in classifying documents in the face of
evolutionary algorithms like LSI and PCA. Results show that
the clustering of features improves the accuracy of document
classification
Music Promotes Gross National Happiness Using Neutrosophic fuzzyCognitive Map...ijdmtaiir
This paper provides an investigation to promote
gross national happiness from music using fuzzy logic model.
Music influences rate of learning. It has been the subject of
study for many years. Researchers have confirmed that loud
background noise impedes learning, concentration, and
information acquisition. An interesting phenomenon that
occurs frequently in listening new music among the students
creates sense of anxiety even without having
properunderstandingofmusic.Happiness is the emotion that
expresses various degrees of positive and negativefeelings
ranging from satisfaction to extreme joy. The happiness is
thegoal most people strive to achieve. Happypeople are
satisfied with their lives. The goal of this work is to find the
particular component of music which will ultimately promote
the happiness of people because of indeterminacy situation in
components of music
A Study on Youth Violence and Aggression using DEMATEL with FCM Methodsijdmtaiir
The DEMATEL method is then a good technique for
making decisions. In this paper we analyzed the risk factors of
youth violence and what makes them more aggressive. Since
there are more risk factors of youth violence, to relate each
other more complex to construct FCM and analyze them.
Moreover the data is an unsupervised one obtained from
survey as well as interviews. Hence fuzzy alone has the
capacity to analyses these concepts.
Certain Investigation on Dynamic Clustering in Dynamic Dataminingijdmtaiir
Clustering is the process of grouping a set of objects
into classes of similar objects. Dynamic clustering comes in a
new research area that is concerned about dataset with dynamic
aspects. It requires updates of the clusters whenever new data
records are added to the dataset and may result in a change of
clustering over time. When there is a continuous update and
huge amount of dynamic data, rescan the database is not
possible in static data mining. But this is possible in Dynamic
data mining process. This dynamic data mining occurs when
the derived information is present for the purpose of analysis
and the environment is dynamic, i.e. many updates occur.
Since this has now been established by most researchers and
they will move into solving some of the problems and the
research is to concentrate on solving the problem of using data
mining dynamic databases. This paper gives some
investigation of existing work done in some papers related with
dynamic clustering and incremental data clustering
Analyzing the Role of a Family in Constructing Gender Roles Using Combined Ov...ijdmtaiir
Family, as a social institution and as the
fundamental unit of the society, plays a vital role in forming
persons. We become full-fledged members of the society
through the process of socialization which starts in the family.
It provides the first foundational formation of personhood.
Especially in traditional societies like India the role of the
family assumes even greater importance. We learn to
differentiate and to discriminate between man and woman from
the role our parents play. In this paper we analyze the role of
the family in constructing gender roles using Combined
Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
An Interval Based Fuzzy Multiple Expert System to Analyze the Impacts of Clim...ijdmtaiir
Indian agriculture is completely dependent on the
environment and any undesirable change in the environment
has an adverse impact on agriculture. Climate change and
pollution in India have caused great damage to the
environment. In this paper we analyse the impact of climate
change on Indian agriculture. The first section gives an
introduction to the problem. In section two we introduce a new
fuzzy tool called interval based fuzzy multiple expert system.
Section three adapt the new fuzzy tool to analyse the problem
of agricultural impacts of climate change and in section four
we give the results and suggestions based on our analysis
An Approach for the Detection of Vascular Abnormalities in Diabetic Retinopathyijdmtaiir
Diabetic Retinopathy is a common complication of
diabetes that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the
retina. The blood vessels in the retina get altered. Exudates are
secreted, micro-aneurysms and hemorrhages occur in the
retina. The appearance of these features represents the degree
of severity of the disease. In this paper the proposed approach
detects the presence of abnormalities in the retina using image
processing techniques by applying morphological processing
techniques to the fundus images to extract features such as
blood vessels, micro aneurysms and exudates. These features
are used for the detection of severity of Diabetic Retinopathy.
It can quickly process a large number of fundus images
obtained from mass screening to help reduce the cost, increase
productivity and efficiency for ophthalmologists.
Improve the Performance of Clustering Using Combination of Multiple Clusterin...ijdmtaiir
The ever-increasing availability of textual
documents has lead to a growing challenge for information
systems to effectively manage and retrieve the information
comprised in large collections of texts according to the user’s
information needs. There is no clustering method that can
adequately handle all sorts of cluster structures and properties
(e.g. shape, size, overlapping, and density). Combining
multiple clustering methods is an approach to overcome the
deficiency of single algorithms and further enhance their
performances. A disadvantage of the cluster ensemble is the
highly computational load of combing the clustering results
especially for large and high dimensional datasets. In this paper
we propose a multiclustering algorithm , it is a combination of
Cooperative Hard-Fuzzy Clustering model based on
intermediate cooperation between the hard k-means (KM) and
fuzzy c-means (FCM) to produce better intermediate clusters
and ant colony algorithm. This proposed method gives better
result than individual clusters.
The Study of Symptoms of Tuberculosis Using Induced Fuzzy Coginitive Maps (IF...ijdmtaiir
Tuberculosis or TB is a common, infectious disease
caused by various strains of mycobacterium usually called as
mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tb attacks the lungs but can also
affect other parts of the body. Most infections are
asymptomatic and latent, but about one in ten latent infections
eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated,
kills more than 50% of those so infected. Hence, this paper
analysisthes y m p t o m s o f Tuberculosis using Induced
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (IFCMs). IFCMs area fuzzy-graph
modeling approach based on expert’s opinion. This is the nonstatistical approach to study the problems with imprecise
information.
A Study on Finding the Key Motive of Happiness Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs)ijdmtaiir
Happiness is subjective. It is difficult to compare one
person’s happiness with another. It can be especially difficult
to compare happiness across cultures. The function of man is
to live a certain kind of life and this activity implies a rational
principle. The function of a good man is the good and noble
performance. If any action is well performed it is performed in
accord with the appropriate excellence. If this is the case, then
happiness turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance
with virtue. That is happiness as the exercise of virtue. Every
human being thinks happiness in his own perspective.
Everyone wants to be happy and searching happiness in all
their activities. Happiness is typically measured using
subjective measures. Happiness cannot be defined in terms of
rigid boundaries and it is a vague term and it is appropriate to
use Fuzzy Logic. In particular, we use Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping to find the key motive of happiness. This paper
consists of four sections. The first section is of inductive
nature about happiness. The section two introduces the
concept of Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCMs). In section three
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping applied on the concept of
Happiness. Section four gives the conclusions and
suggestions
Study of sustainable development using Fuzzy Cognitive Relational Maps (FCM)ijdmtaiir
Sustainable development provides a framework under
which communities can use resources efficiently, create efficient
infrastructures, protect and enhance quality of life, and create new
businesses to strengthen their economies. It can help us create
healthy communities that can sustain our generation, as well as
those that follow ours. Sustainable development is not a new
concept. Rather, it is the latest expression of a long-standing ethic
involving peoples' relationships with the environment and the
current generation's responsibilities to future generations. For a
community to be truly sustainable, it must adopt a three-pronged
approach that considers economic, environmental and cultural
resources. Communities must consider these needs in the short
term as well as the long term. Sustainable Development also can
be defined simply as a better quality of life for everyone, now and
for generations to come. It is a vision of progress that links
economic development, protection of the environment and social
justice, and its values are recognised by democratic governments
and political movements the world over. Sustainable
Development is therefore closely linked to Governance, Better
Regulation and Impact Assessment. Indicators to measure
progress are also vital.This paper has four sections. In the first
section we introduce the notion of fuzzy cognitive maps and
Combined Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CFCMs). In section two we
describe the problem and justification for the use of FCMs. In
section three we give the adaptation of FCM to the problem. In
the final section we give conclusions based on our analysis of the
problem using FCM
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
The Empowerment of Women in Promoting Happiness in her Own Environment using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
1. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page No.8-11
ISSN: 2278-2419
8
The Empowerment of Women in Promoting
Happiness in her Own Environment using Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps
A. Victor Devadoss1
, K. Sudha2
PG and Research Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, Chennai, India
Email: hanivictor@ymail.com , ashu.8788@gmail.com
Abstract -Empowerment is now increasingly seen as a process
by which the one’s without power gain greater control over
their lives. This means control over material assets,
intellectual resources and ideology. It involves power to, with
and power within. Some define empowerment as a process of
awareness and conscientization, of capacity building leading to
greater participation, effective decision-making power and
control leading to transformative action. In this paper we use
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to analyze the standard of living to
empower women with decision making power over their work
and income which in turn promotes happiness.
Keywords- Empowerment of women, Standard of living,
Happiness, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps.
I. INTRODUCTION
Empowerment is now increasingly seen as a process by which
the one's without power gaingreater control over their lives.
This means control over material assets, intellectualresources
and ideology. It involves power to, power with and power
within. Some defineempowerment as a process of awareness
and conscientization, of capacity building leadingto greater
participation, effective decision-making power and control
leading totransformative action. This involves ability to get
what one wants and to influence others onour concerns. With
reference to women the power relation that has to be involved
includestheir lives at multiple levels, family, community,
market and the state. Importantly it involvesat the
psychological level women's ability to assert themselves and
this is constructed by the'gender roles' assigned to her specially
in a cultural which resists change like India.
In an effort to develop strategies for empowering women, some
programmes are sensitive to recognizing women's contribution
and their knowledge as the first step. They appreciate that
women require principally social support to fight their sense of
inadequacy and fears to enhance their self-respect and dignity.
Empowering women means control over their bodies and
becoming economically independent, controlling resources like
land and property and reduction of burden of work. A society
or programme which aims at women's empowerment needs to
create and strengthen sisterhood and to promote overall
nurturing, caring and gentleness. Researchers often emphasise
on women Self-Help groups (SHG's) as a collective one such
effort. Women are capable of these functions given sufficient,
nutrition,education and other support. Women are most often
not treated as subjects.
II. CONCEPT OF EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
Women's empowerment is a process in which women gain
greater share of control over resources - material, human and
intellectual like knowledge, information, ideas and financial
resources like money - and access to money and control over
decision-making in the home, community, society and nation,
and to gain `power'. According to the Country Report of
Government of India, "Empowerment means moving from a
position of enforced powerlessness to one of power". There are
various fields of empowerment related to women. In
particularly here we analyze the problem of social
empowerment of women like education, health, nutrition,
drinking water and sanitation, environment, science and
technology, women in difficult circumstances, violence against
women, rights of the girl child and mass media. To develop
this will leads to equality, sustainability, empowerment and
happiness of women in their environment.
III. HUMAN CAPABILITIES
According to Martha Nussbaum (2003) first, that there are
certain functions that are particularly central to human life.
Second, that there is something do these in a truly human way,
not a mere animal way.The list of capabilities that she draws is
cross-cultural as necessary element of truly human functioning.
They include:
1. Life-being able to live to the end of human life of normal
length: not dying prematurely, orbefore one's life is so reduced
as to be not worth living.
2. Bodily health – being able to have good health including
reproductive health, to beadequately nourished, to have
adequate shelter.
3. Bodily integrity – Being able to move freely from place to
place, to be secure againstviolent assault, including sexual
assault and domestic violence; having opportunities forsex
satisfaction and for choice in matters of reproduction.
4. Senses, imagination and thought – Being able to use the
sense, to imagine, think andreason in a truly human way
including but not limited to literacy. Being able to use
one'smind and imagination protected by freedom of
expression.
5. Emotions – being able to have attachments, to love, to grieve
to experience longinggratitude and justified anger. Not having
one's emotional development blighted by fearand anxiety.
6. Practical Reason – Being able to form a conception of the
good and to engage in criticalreflection about planning of one's
life's protected by liberty of conscience.
7. Affiliation – Being able to live with and toward others to
have social interactions, to havethe capability of both justice
2. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page No.8-11
ISSN: 2278-2419
9
and friendship. This would entail freedom of assembly andfree
speech. Having social bases for self-respect and non-
humiliation, being protectedagainst discrimination on the basis
of race, sex sexual orientation religion caste orregion.
8. Other species – Being able to concern with nature.
9. Play – being able to laugh, play and enjoy.
10. Control over one's environment.
a) Political. Being able to participate effectively in political
choices that govern one's life,having the right to political
participation, protection of free speech and association.
b) Material. Being able to hold property to seek employment
on equal bases and havingfreedom from unwarranted search
and seizure. In work, being able to work as ahuman being,
exercising practical reason and entering into meaningful
relationshipsof mutual recognition with the workers.
These capabilities cover the so called "first generation rights"
(political & civil liberties) aswell as the "second generation
rights" (economic and social rights. It has been emphasizedthat
women all over the world have been short shifted and have not
found support for theircentral human functions Women are
ascapable as men of exercising will, controlling desires and
taking decisions but males enjoysupport of social institutions
and women are excluded as the 'other'. Women are often
nottreated as "ends in themselves" persons with dignity who
deserve respect from laws andinstitutions instead they are
treated instrumentally as reproducers, caregivers,
sexualreceivers, agents of family's general prosperity.
IV. FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS (FCM)
The notion of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs), which was
introduced by Bart Kosko in the year 1986. FCMs have a
major role to play mainly when the data concerned is an
unsupervised one. The FCMs work on the opinion of experts. It
can give the hidden pattern of the problem under analysis.
Further this method is most simple and effective one as it can
analyze the data by directed graphs and connection matrices.
A. Basic notion for FCM
An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events
etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal
relationship between concepts. When the nodes of the FCM are
fuzzy setsthen they are called as fuzzy nodes.
FCMs with edge weights or causalitiesfrom the set {–1, 0, 1}
are called simple FCMs.Consider the nodes / concepts C1,
…,Cn ofthe FCM. Suppose the directed graph is drawn using
Edge weight eij∈ {0, 1, –1}. The matrix E be defined by E=
(eij) where eij is the weight of the directed edge CiCj E is called
the adjacency matrix of the FCM also known as the connection
matrix of the FCM.Let C1, C2, … ,Cn be the nodes of an FCM.
A = (a1, a2, … , an) where ai∈{0, 1}. A is called
theinstantaneous state vector and it denotes the on-off position
of the node at an instant.
ai = 0 if ai is off and
ai = 1 ifaiis on for
i= 1, 2, …,n.
Let C1, C2, … ,Cn be the nodes of anFCM. Let C1C2 , C2C3 ,
C3C4 ,…, CiCjbe the edges of The FCM (i ≠ j). Then the edges
form a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be cyclic if it
possesses a directed cycle. An FCM is said to be acyclic if it
does not possess any directed cycle.An FCM with cycles is
said to have a feedback. When there is a feedback in an FCM,
i.e., when the causal relations flow through a cycle in a
revolutionary way, the FCM is called a dynamical system.
Let C1C2 , C2C3 ,…,Cn−1Cn be a cycle.WhenCi is switched on
and if the causality flows through the edges of a cycle and if it
again causes Ci , we say that the dynamical system goes round
and round. This is true for any node Ci , for i = 1, 2, … , n. The
equilibrium state for this dynamical system is called the hidden
pattern. If the equilibrium state of a dynamicalsystem is a
unique state vector, then it is called a fixed point. If the FCM
settles down with a statevector repeating in the formA1 → A2
→ … → Ai → A1 then this equilibrium is called a limit cycle
V. ADAPTATION OF FCM TO THE PROBLEM
We use the following seven nodes of FCM which are labeled
as follows
1C Education
Equal access to education for women and girls needs to be
ensured. Special measures should be taken to eliminate
discrimination, universalize education, eradicate illiteracy,
create a gender-sensitiveeducational system, increase
enrolment and retention rates of girls and improve the quality
of education.
2C Health
A holistic approach to women’s health which includes both
nutrition and health services should be adopted and special
attention should be given to the needs of women and the girl at
all stages of the life cycle. The reduction of infant mortality
and maternal mortality, which are sensitive indicators of
human development, is a priority concern. Women’s traditional
knowledge about health care and nutrition needs to be
recognized through proper documentation and its use shall be
encouraged.
3C Nutrition
In view of the high risk of malnutrition and disease that women
face at all the three critical stages viz., infancy and childhood,
adolescent and reproductive phase, focused attention should be
paid to meeting the nutritional needs of women at all stages of
the life cycle.
4C Environment
The vast majority of rural women still depends on the locally
available non-commercial sources of energy such as animal
dung, crop waste and fuel wood. In order to ensure the
efficient use of these energy resources in an environmental
friendly manner.we should aim at promoting the programmes
of non-conventional energy resources. Women will be
involved in spreading the use of solar energy, biogas,
smokeless chulahs and other rural application so as to have a
3. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page No.8-11
ISSN: 2278-2419
10
visible impact of these measures in influencing eco system and
in changing the life styles of rural women.
5C The role of mass media
The media should be encouraged to develop codes of conduct,
professional guidelines and other self regulatory mechanisms
to remove gender stereotypes and promote balanced portrayals
of women and men.
6C Violence against women
All forms of violence against women, physical and mental,
whether at domestic or societal levels, including those arising
from customs, traditions or accepted practices shall be dealt
with effectively with a view to eliminate its incidence.
Institutions and mechanisms/schemes for assistance should be
created and strengthened for prevention of such violence,
including sexual harassment at work place and customs like
dowry; for the rehabilitation of the victims of violence and for
taking effective action against the perpetrators of such
violence. A special emphasis should also be laid on
programmes and measures to deal with trafficking in women
and girls.
7C Rights of the girl child
All forms of discrimination against the girl child and violation
of her rights shall be eliminated by undertaking strong
measures both preventive and punitive within and outside the
family. These should relate specifically to strict enforcement of
laws against prenatal sex selection and the practices of
female foeticide, female infanticide, child marriage, child
abuse and child prostitution etc. Removal of discrimination in
the treatment of the girl child within the family and outside and
projection of a positive image of the girl child should be
actively fostered. In implementing programmes for eliminating
child labor, there will be a special focus on girl children.The
expert’s opinion is given as directed graph and the related
fuzzy relational matrix is given below:
Figure-1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 0
E
Let E denotes the connection matrix of the directed graph.
Now to find the stability of the dynamical system or to be more
precise the hidden pattern of the system which may be a fixed
point or a limit cycle.We consider the state vector
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0C .
That is, Education to be in the ON state and all other nodes are
in the OFF state, passing 1C in to the connection matrix E
We get
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1C E
After thresholding we get
↪ 21 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
Now passing 2C in to the connection matrix E we get
2 2 3 3 0 0 4 1C E
After thresholding we get
↪ 21 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
Thus we conclude that hidden pattern is a fixed point which
shows education, health and nutrition leads to increase rights of
the girl child. This will create happiness in women’s life.
Let us consider the state vector
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0C .
That is nutrition to be in the ON state all other nodes are in the
OFF state, passing 1C in to the connection matrix E We get
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0C E
After thresholding we get
↪ 20 1 1 0 0 0 0 C
Now passing 2C in to the connection matrix E We get
2 1 1 2 0 0 2 0C E
↪ 31 1 1 0 0 0 0 C
Again passing 3C in to the connection matrix E We get
3 1 2 3 0 0 3 1C E
↪ 41 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
Similarly,
4 2 3 4 0 0 4 1C E
↪ 41 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
Thus hidden pattern is a fixed point.
Let us consider the state vector
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0C .
That is education and health to be in the ON state and all other
nodes are in the OFF state, passing 1C in to the connection
matrix E We get,
1 2 2 2 0 0 2 2C E
↪ 21 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
Now passing 2C in to the connection matrix E We get,
2 3 3 3 0 0 4 2C E
↪ 21 1 1 0 0 0 1 C
4. Integrated Intelligent Research (IIR) International Journal of Data Mining Techniques and Applications
Volume: 02 Issue: 01 June 2013 Page No.8-11
ISSN: 2278-2419
11
Thus we conclude that hidden pattern is a fixed point. This also
shows education, health and nutrition leads to increase rights of
the girl child.
VI. CONCLUSION
From this we conclude that the empowerment of women
depends more on giving priority to education, health, nutrition
and the rights of the girl child. The needs of the girl child and
earmarking of substantial investments in the areas relating to
food and nutrition, health and education, and in vocational
education will improve happiness in woman’s life. By
educating its women, a country can reduce poverty, improve
productivity, ease population pressure and offer its children a
better future. Rights of the girl child will leads to equality,
sustainability, empowerment and happiness of women in their
environment.
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