Public policy and the information revolution 4.20.12Greg Wass
This document discusses how public policy and the information revolution influence each other. Public policy can help advance the information revolution by promoting broadband access and open government initiatives. The information revolution can improve public policy formation by enabling crowdsourcing of ideas and the creation of civic apps that increase public participation. The document provides three local examples of these interactions: fiber sharing between the CTA and Cook County, a property tax information portal, and an open data website for Chicago metro area.
Presentation at Where 2.0 2008 where we discuss our rational for building a NoSQL data store after reaching limitations with the spatial SQL solution that were available at the time.
This document discusses open innovation, citizen science, crowdsourcing, and crowdmapping. It defines these terms and provides examples of how the USGS uses them, including projects involving earthquake data collection, coastal change analysis, and critical minerals data visualization. The document also covers trends in open innovation, challenges, and recent policies supporting federal open innovation and citizen science.
The document discusses the relationship between volunteered geographic information (VGI) and geographic information systems (GIS). It notes that VGI, which comes from non-experts, is increasingly becoming the de facto standard over data from GIS professionals. The document also outlines strategies for making GIS tools more inclusive of VGI, such as supporting multiple data formats, incentivizing participation, and providing training materials.
21st Century Environmental Protection - From Crowdsourcing to Customized Cont...scoopnewsgroup
This document discusses 21st century environmental protection and how new technologies like remote sensing, drones, crowdsourcing, and analytics are improving data access, discovery, and standards. It also covers how the EPA is working with co-regulators, communities, and the public by creating platforms to make data more meaningful and customizable to different audiences through initiatives like the Smart Cities Challenge and tools that ingest various data sources. The presentation ends by asking if there are any questions.
Crowdsourcing has become a tool for innovation at NASA. Here is how? Crowdsourcing Week
Crowdsourcing is becoming an increasingly important tool for innovation at NASA. It allows NASA to tap into new communities and individuals to generate ideas. Examples of successful crowdsourcing programs include Disk Detective, where over 28,000 volunteers helped analyze telescope data and were credited as co-authors on research papers, and the International Space Apps Challenge, a hackathon where thousands of apps have been developed using NASA data. Crowdsourcing challenges like the Space Poop Challenge generate novel solutions to technical problems from experts in non-space fields. NASA also uses citizen forums to gauge public views on initiatives to inform their work.
Citizen Experience Design discusses the shift from traditional "Government 1.0" to more open and participatory "Government 2.0". It outlines the Obama administration's Open Government Directive requiring agencies to publish data and plans. It provides examples of Gov 2.0 initiatives from Australia and the US Forest Service. The document argues that Gov 2.0 has the potential to fundamentally change how government works by enabling the public, not just bureaucrats, to use government machinery. It encourages embracing change and addressing substantial issues to advance Gov 2.0 goals.
Pathways to Social Innovation - Peter Sjobergscoopnewsgroup
This document discusses pathways to social innovation through data and analytics. It highlights how Hitachi uses data from industry and IoT to accomplish more of what matters through safer, smarter, and more efficient communities. The document outlines challenges around data storage, scale, and protection. It proposes solutions like software defined storage, archiving data before backing up, and enabling information governance. The goal is to integrate data, analysis, and knowledge to generate insights that can improve business and society.
Public policy and the information revolution 4.20.12Greg Wass
This document discusses how public policy and the information revolution influence each other. Public policy can help advance the information revolution by promoting broadband access and open government initiatives. The information revolution can improve public policy formation by enabling crowdsourcing of ideas and the creation of civic apps that increase public participation. The document provides three local examples of these interactions: fiber sharing between the CTA and Cook County, a property tax information portal, and an open data website for Chicago metro area.
Presentation at Where 2.0 2008 where we discuss our rational for building a NoSQL data store after reaching limitations with the spatial SQL solution that were available at the time.
This document discusses open innovation, citizen science, crowdsourcing, and crowdmapping. It defines these terms and provides examples of how the USGS uses them, including projects involving earthquake data collection, coastal change analysis, and critical minerals data visualization. The document also covers trends in open innovation, challenges, and recent policies supporting federal open innovation and citizen science.
The document discusses the relationship between volunteered geographic information (VGI) and geographic information systems (GIS). It notes that VGI, which comes from non-experts, is increasingly becoming the de facto standard over data from GIS professionals. The document also outlines strategies for making GIS tools more inclusive of VGI, such as supporting multiple data formats, incentivizing participation, and providing training materials.
21st Century Environmental Protection - From Crowdsourcing to Customized Cont...scoopnewsgroup
This document discusses 21st century environmental protection and how new technologies like remote sensing, drones, crowdsourcing, and analytics are improving data access, discovery, and standards. It also covers how the EPA is working with co-regulators, communities, and the public by creating platforms to make data more meaningful and customizable to different audiences through initiatives like the Smart Cities Challenge and tools that ingest various data sources. The presentation ends by asking if there are any questions.
Crowdsourcing has become a tool for innovation at NASA. Here is how? Crowdsourcing Week
Crowdsourcing is becoming an increasingly important tool for innovation at NASA. It allows NASA to tap into new communities and individuals to generate ideas. Examples of successful crowdsourcing programs include Disk Detective, where over 28,000 volunteers helped analyze telescope data and were credited as co-authors on research papers, and the International Space Apps Challenge, a hackathon where thousands of apps have been developed using NASA data. Crowdsourcing challenges like the Space Poop Challenge generate novel solutions to technical problems from experts in non-space fields. NASA also uses citizen forums to gauge public views on initiatives to inform their work.
Citizen Experience Design discusses the shift from traditional "Government 1.0" to more open and participatory "Government 2.0". It outlines the Obama administration's Open Government Directive requiring agencies to publish data and plans. It provides examples of Gov 2.0 initiatives from Australia and the US Forest Service. The document argues that Gov 2.0 has the potential to fundamentally change how government works by enabling the public, not just bureaucrats, to use government machinery. It encourages embracing change and addressing substantial issues to advance Gov 2.0 goals.
Pathways to Social Innovation - Peter Sjobergscoopnewsgroup
This document discusses pathways to social innovation through data and analytics. It highlights how Hitachi uses data from industry and IoT to accomplish more of what matters through safer, smarter, and more efficient communities. The document outlines challenges around data storage, scale, and protection. It proposes solutions like software defined storage, archiving data before backing up, and enabling information governance. The goal is to integrate data, analysis, and knowledge to generate insights that can improve business and society.
Social Media Activism (SMA) is the use of web-based platforms, applications and technologies to bring about political or social change and has the power to disseminate information rapidly and globally. It has played a central role in recent worldwide movements for change.
We discuss current trends and limitations, the main players and their changing market share, and innovations in the on-line activism arena.
Traditional players like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are now being challenged by new tools and activist specific spaces.
Security concerns have led to the creation of tools such as Pidder, Crabgrass and OTR.
SMA is not always a force for good. Users must be responsible, evaluate the veracity of information and understand the potential to propagate crime.
Ultimately, SMA can only be a part of the movement for change - it still needs brave people on the streets to challenge the status quo.
This document discusses how collective intelligence and socialization have shaped the internet. It provides Wikipedia as an example of collective intelligence through the contributions of millions of users creating and editing articles. Another example mentioned is the use of tags or "tag clouds" on websites. The document also discusses how social media and networking sites like Facebook have helped socialize the internet by mapping social connections and empowering social concepts. It notes that socialization of the web is now a confirmed trend, with mobile computing and social media forming an interconnected ecosystem.
Throughout history technology has influenced society. Reading, writing, arithmetic, agriculture, printing and radio are all examples of developments that changed the way we interact through trade, art and science. The most important cultural technology of the 21st century is software. It runs our workplaces, laptops, mobile phones as well as less obvious places like trains, cars, televisions, washing-machines, fridges, and many other devices. Today it depends on software how the government can implement laws, who will be able to join which university or job, or if and how long people might end up in jail.
The Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) empower people to control technology; and thereby democratize software. If just a few can understand and control software it is a danger for democracy. Instead we must ensure that power is distributed by empowering people to shape this central technology.
Pradip Khatiwada, Kathmandu Living Labs | Mapping as Activism | SotM Asia 2017Kathmandu Living Labs
State of the Map Asia (SotM-Asia) is the annual regional conference of OpenStreetMap (OSM) organized by OSM communities in Asia. First SotM-Asia was organized in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2015, and the second was organized in Manila, Philippines in 2016. This year’s conference, third in the series, was organized in Kathmandu, Nepal on September 23 – 24, 2017 at Park Village Resort, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu, Nepal.
We brought nearly 200 Open Mapping enthusiasts from Asia and beyond to this year’s SotM-Asia. The event provided an opportunity to share knowledge and experience among mappers; expand their network; and generate ideas to expand map coverage and effective use of OSM data in Asian continent. We chose ‘from creation to use of OSM data’ as the theme of this year’s conference, emphasizing on the effective use of OSM data. We also brought together a government panel from four different countries in this year’s SotM-Asia. We believe this event will deepen the bond and enhance collaboration among OSM communities across Asia.
More information about the conference can be found on: http://stateofthemap.asia.
Open data is freely available data that can be used and shared by anyone. The federal government defines high-value open data as information that increases agency accountability, improves public knowledge, furthers agency missions, creates economic opportunities, and responds to public needs. For data to be open, it must be public, accessible, described, reusable, complete, timely, and managed after release. Open data timelines show its emergence in 1995 and increased adoption by governments in the 2000s, with many open data initiatives launched under President Obama. Open data is important for transparency, innovation, civic empowerment, and economic development. Dashboards track countries', states', and cities' progress in implementing open data policies and releasing datasets.
Change the world with open source software and contentHal Seki
The presentation at the summer school of the GEospatial and Space Technology consortium for Innovative Social Services in Tokyo University Komaba Campus.
http://gestiss.org/g-spase/summerschool/
I want to use this medium to emphasize the need for the collaborative efforts needed in using data for development and better lives of humanity. Data literacy is key in facilitating good governance and government accountability. Private sectors, public sectors and civil societies including private sectors should share data and ensure there is functional integrated national data system.
UN-GGIM and Legal/Policy Geoinformation ManagementKevin Pomfret
This document discusses how geospatial technology and geoinformation have grown rapidly, creating a global geospatial community. However, legal and policy frameworks have not kept up, creating uncertainty around collecting, using, storing and distributing geoinformation. UN-GGIM is working to identify key issues like privacy, licensing, liability and national security. Without addressing these issues, geoinformation will be harder to access and the entire geospatial community could be negatively impacted. UN-GGIM's role could include creating forums to identify local issues and facilitate developing appropriate legal frameworks.
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – WashiDaliaCulbertson719
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – Washington, DC, USA, May 2008
F. Fiedrich and B. Van de Walle, eds.
Backchannels on the Front Lines:
Emergent Uses of Social Media in the
2007 Southern California Wildfires
Jeannette Sutton1, Leysia Palen1 & Irina Shklovski2
University of Colorado, Boulder1 University of California, Irvine2
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Opportunities for participation by members of the public are expanding the information arena of disaster. Social
media supports “backchannel” communications, allowing for wide-scale interaction that can be collectively
resourceful, self-policing, and generative of information that is otherwise hard to obtain. Results from our study of
information practices by members of the public during the October 2007 Southern California Wildfires suggest that
community information resources and other backchannel communications activity enabled by social media are gaining
prominence in the disaster arena, despite concern by officials about the legitimacy of information shared through such
means. We argue that these emergent uses of social media are pre-cursors of broader future changes to the institutional
and organizational arrangements of disaster response.
Keywords
Crisis Informatics, disaster, information and communication technology, wildfire
INTRODUCTION
Disaster situations are non-routine events that result in non-routine behaviors. In times of disaster, people and
organizations adapt and improvise (Wachtendorf, 2004) to suit the conditions as needs demand. Even emergency
response organizations—which are strongly organized around locally- and federally-mandated protocols—adapt to
accommodate the situation particulars for warning, rescue, and recovery. Indeed, in the US, the organizational
structure that is activated during times of crisis is designed to be internally flexible. However, its ability to be
externally flexible when interfacing with the public is in doubt (Wenger, 1990; Buck, et al, 2006; Palen and Liu,
2007). Members of the public are known by sociologists to improvise in disaster situations, and are responsible for
leading important rescue and relief activities (Tierney, et al. 2001; Kendra and Wachtendorf, 2003; Palen and Liu,
2007). They leverage their own social networks to find and provide information outside the official response effort,
and to make critical decisions about, for example, heeding warning and making plans to evacuate (Mileti, et al., 2006).
These facts are often ignored during local and federal disaster management planning and policy implementation, with
the focus almost entirely on the role of the official response and their management of public-side activities. This
stance places public peer-to-peer communications as “backchannel” activity that does not have full legitimacy in the
information arena of disaster. However, the increasing presence of info ...
Gender Equality and Big Data. Making Gender Data Visible UN Global Pulse
This report provides background context on how big data can be used to facilitate and assess progress towards the SDGs, and focuses in particular on SDG 5 – “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. It examines successes and challenges in the use of big data to improve the lives of women and girls, and identifies concrete data innovation projects from across the development sector that have considered the gender dimension.
Transparency: Changing the Accountability, Engagement and Effectiveness of Aiddbw001
Homi Kharas
Senior Fellow, Global Economy and Development
The Brookings Institution
October, 2010
Abstract
There is a consensus that transparency is vital for aid effectiveness. That’s the good news. The bad news is that this consensus has existed for many years, yet transparency is still considered inadequate. New tools have opened up opportunities for change and reduced the cost of providing information, but changes in agency culture and incentives and high-level leadership are still needed to make progress. In some instances, there is a fear of the exposure created by a commitment to transparency. In other instances, efforts to promote transparency have fizzled with high costs of reporting and little use of the information collected. As the number of institutions involved in development rises, the benefits and challenges of greater transparency rise. The old ideas of centralized, unique databases are giving way to new ideas of decentralized, real-time information that can be merged with other data, presented in compelling visual ways, validated and enriched with feedback from beneficiaries, and systematically used by a wide range of stakeholders. There are three big gaps in transparency. At the global level, data is needed on large new players like non-DAC and private donors. At the recipient country level, the gaps between needs and resources must be identified. Finally, accountability of recipient governments and donors can be strengthened through beneficiary feedback and project evaluation.
Open Government Data & Privacy ProtectionSylvia Ogweng
The document discusses privacy issues related to open government data initiatives. It notes that while open data brings benefits, privacy concerns have slowed its adoption. The types of government data - infrastructure, public services, and personal - present different privacy risks. Maintaining privacy involves de-identifying and anonymizing data, but these processes do not always guarantee privacy. North American governments are working to address privacy through funding for privacy-enhancing technologies and focusing on privacy within specific domains like healthcare and as an extension of security.
This document summarizes a research article about social media data mining and public agency. It discusses how social media data mining is currently used to create "known publics" by large corporations and governments, but raises concerns that this results in less privacy, increased surveillance, and social discrimination. However, the document argues that data mining could be democratized to create "knowing publics" by making data mining more transparent and accessible to the public, and using it in a way that allows publics to understand themselves and act collectively. The document imagines how, if done this way, data mining could empower publics with greater agency over how their data is represented and understood.
Open Data Fueling Innovation - Kristen Honeyscoopnewsgroup
The document discusses the United States' leadership in open government and open data initiatives. It provides details on programs like the Open Government Initiative, Open Government Partnership, and open data policies. It then highlights the impact of open data across various federal agencies and programs, including examples in international development, finance, agriculture, education, health, precision medicine, and policing. Open data is fueling innovation and improved government services.
Releasing open data fuels economic activity, creating value in both the public and private sector. Research from McKinsey suggests that seven sectors could generate more than $3 trillion a year in additional value as a result of open data, which is already giving rise to hundreds of entrepreneurial businesses and helping established companies to segment markets, define new products and services, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations.
While governments looking for economic outcomes from open data must focus on releasing assets with business value, the reach of that category across sectors is quite broad, as new research from New York University (NYU) makes clear.
Invited presentation for plenary session 1: Leveraging a Never Ending Technological Revolution as part of the 4th GEOSS Science and Technology Stakeholder Workshop: Concepts, Technologies, Systems and Users of the Next GEOSS, Norfolk, VA, held on March 24-26, 2015. http://www.gstss.org/2015_Norfolk_4th/program.php
Tracing the Impact of Media Relations andTelevision Coverage.docxjuliennehar
Tracing the Impact of Media Relations and
Television Coverage on U.S. Charitable
Relief Fundraising: An Application of Agenda-Setting
Theory across Three Natural Disasters
Richard D. Waters
School of Management, University of San Francisco
Fundraising practitioners have often expressed the desire to gain media coverage of their nonprofit
organization because it will result in increased donations. Although this folklore is commonly
believed by many fundraisers, there is little evidence to support this claim. This study uses the
agenda-setting theory as the framework to test whether television news coverage of 3 natural disasters
and the nonprofit organizations working to provide charitable relief in wake of the events results in
increased donations to the nonprofit organizations. Using the 2004 Asian tsunami, 2005’s Hurricane
Katrina, and the 2010 Haitian earthquake to test the public’s response to relief efforts, the study found
little support for increased donations to the 5 leading organizations providing relief in relation to gen-
eric news coverage of the disasters. However, when the organizations were specifically mentioned by
reporters in the newscasts, noticeable same-day spikes were seen in donations to the organizations’
fundraising efforts. Similarly, when organizations were able to place spokespeople in the newscast
to talk about their efforts, increased donations resulted from these proactive media relations efforts.
As 2004 ended, one of the strongest earthquakes on record occurred along the floor of the Indian
Ocean. The resulting tsunami devastated 14 nations’ coastlines and killed more than 250,000
people from these nations and tourists from 54 other countries around the globe. Less than 9
months later, Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast from central Florida to Texas, causing more
than $108 billion in damage and causing 1,833 confirmed fatalities. In January, 2010, the island
nation of Haiti was rocked by an earthquake measuring seven on the Richter scale, which
government estimates claim resulted in 316,000 deaths and the destruction of 250,000 residences
and 30,000 commercial and government buildings. Despite the widespread geographic distance
between these three locations and the causes of the damage, these three natural disasters share
one thing in common: Within hours of the events, nonprofit organizations began raising funds so
they could provide immediate humanitarian aid to those in need.
Annually, Americans donate close to $300 billion to nonprofit organizations. According to
the Chronicle of Philanthropy, Americans gave $1.6 billion in cash in the year following the
2004 Asian tsunamis, $3.3 billion to 2005’s Hurricane Katrina relief efforts, and $1.4 billion
to the 2010 Haitian earthquake response. More than 130 nonprofit organizations raised funds
Correspondence should be sent to Richard D. Waters, PhD, University of San Francisco, School of Management,
2130 Fulton Street, San Franc ...
Digital diplomacy - the internet and the battle for ideasnelliesk
This document discusses how digital diplomacy and social media have changed global information sharing and diplomatic efforts. It notes that new media platforms have exponentially grown in use, allowing individuals and groups to more easily organize and voice opinions. While this empowers non-state actors, it also provides benefits for diplomacy by enabling greater access to information and transparency. However, there are also risks like certain groups using social media to organize violence, so digital diplomacy must be practiced carefully.
Are We Measuring the Right Things? From Disclosing Datasets to! Reshaping Da...Jonathan Gray
The document discusses reshaping data infrastructures and the implications for open data initiatives and advocacy. It notes that for beneficial ownership advocacy in the UK, disclosure of existing datasets was not enough, and civil society organizations had to undertake sustained engagement to influence development of data infrastructure systems. This included research on costs, functionality and legislation around public registries of beneficial ownership. It highlights how campaigners must look beyond released information to how information is collected and generated through infrastructure. The document also discusses implications for measuring the right things and new forms of "statactivism" to shape what and how things are measured through infrastructure.
Social Media Activism (SMA) is the use of web-based platforms, applications and technologies to bring about political or social change and has the power to disseminate information rapidly and globally. It has played a central role in recent worldwide movements for change.
We discuss current trends and limitations, the main players and their changing market share, and innovations in the on-line activism arena.
Traditional players like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube are now being challenged by new tools and activist specific spaces.
Security concerns have led to the creation of tools such as Pidder, Crabgrass and OTR.
SMA is not always a force for good. Users must be responsible, evaluate the veracity of information and understand the potential to propagate crime.
Ultimately, SMA can only be a part of the movement for change - it still needs brave people on the streets to challenge the status quo.
This document discusses how collective intelligence and socialization have shaped the internet. It provides Wikipedia as an example of collective intelligence through the contributions of millions of users creating and editing articles. Another example mentioned is the use of tags or "tag clouds" on websites. The document also discusses how social media and networking sites like Facebook have helped socialize the internet by mapping social connections and empowering social concepts. It notes that socialization of the web is now a confirmed trend, with mobile computing and social media forming an interconnected ecosystem.
Throughout history technology has influenced society. Reading, writing, arithmetic, agriculture, printing and radio are all examples of developments that changed the way we interact through trade, art and science. The most important cultural technology of the 21st century is software. It runs our workplaces, laptops, mobile phones as well as less obvious places like trains, cars, televisions, washing-machines, fridges, and many other devices. Today it depends on software how the government can implement laws, who will be able to join which university or job, or if and how long people might end up in jail.
The Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE) empower people to control technology; and thereby democratize software. If just a few can understand and control software it is a danger for democracy. Instead we must ensure that power is distributed by empowering people to shape this central technology.
Pradip Khatiwada, Kathmandu Living Labs | Mapping as Activism | SotM Asia 2017Kathmandu Living Labs
State of the Map Asia (SotM-Asia) is the annual regional conference of OpenStreetMap (OSM) organized by OSM communities in Asia. First SotM-Asia was organized in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2015, and the second was organized in Manila, Philippines in 2016. This year’s conference, third in the series, was organized in Kathmandu, Nepal on September 23 – 24, 2017 at Park Village Resort, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu, Nepal.
We brought nearly 200 Open Mapping enthusiasts from Asia and beyond to this year’s SotM-Asia. The event provided an opportunity to share knowledge and experience among mappers; expand their network; and generate ideas to expand map coverage and effective use of OSM data in Asian continent. We chose ‘from creation to use of OSM data’ as the theme of this year’s conference, emphasizing on the effective use of OSM data. We also brought together a government panel from four different countries in this year’s SotM-Asia. We believe this event will deepen the bond and enhance collaboration among OSM communities across Asia.
More information about the conference can be found on: http://stateofthemap.asia.
Open data is freely available data that can be used and shared by anyone. The federal government defines high-value open data as information that increases agency accountability, improves public knowledge, furthers agency missions, creates economic opportunities, and responds to public needs. For data to be open, it must be public, accessible, described, reusable, complete, timely, and managed after release. Open data timelines show its emergence in 1995 and increased adoption by governments in the 2000s, with many open data initiatives launched under President Obama. Open data is important for transparency, innovation, civic empowerment, and economic development. Dashboards track countries', states', and cities' progress in implementing open data policies and releasing datasets.
Change the world with open source software and contentHal Seki
The presentation at the summer school of the GEospatial and Space Technology consortium for Innovative Social Services in Tokyo University Komaba Campus.
http://gestiss.org/g-spase/summerschool/
I want to use this medium to emphasize the need for the collaborative efforts needed in using data for development and better lives of humanity. Data literacy is key in facilitating good governance and government accountability. Private sectors, public sectors and civil societies including private sectors should share data and ensure there is functional integrated national data system.
UN-GGIM and Legal/Policy Geoinformation ManagementKevin Pomfret
This document discusses how geospatial technology and geoinformation have grown rapidly, creating a global geospatial community. However, legal and policy frameworks have not kept up, creating uncertainty around collecting, using, storing and distributing geoinformation. UN-GGIM is working to identify key issues like privacy, licensing, liability and national security. Without addressing these issues, geoinformation will be harder to access and the entire geospatial community could be negatively impacted. UN-GGIM's role could include creating forums to identify local issues and facilitate developing appropriate legal frameworks.
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – WashiDaliaCulbertson719
Proceedings of the 5th International ISCRAM Conference – Washington, DC, USA, May 2008
F. Fiedrich and B. Van de Walle, eds.
Backchannels on the Front Lines:
Emergent Uses of Social Media in the
2007 Southern California Wildfires
Jeannette Sutton1, Leysia Palen1 & Irina Shklovski2
University of Colorado, Boulder1 University of California, Irvine2
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Opportunities for participation by members of the public are expanding the information arena of disaster. Social
media supports “backchannel” communications, allowing for wide-scale interaction that can be collectively
resourceful, self-policing, and generative of information that is otherwise hard to obtain. Results from our study of
information practices by members of the public during the October 2007 Southern California Wildfires suggest that
community information resources and other backchannel communications activity enabled by social media are gaining
prominence in the disaster arena, despite concern by officials about the legitimacy of information shared through such
means. We argue that these emergent uses of social media are pre-cursors of broader future changes to the institutional
and organizational arrangements of disaster response.
Keywords
Crisis Informatics, disaster, information and communication technology, wildfire
INTRODUCTION
Disaster situations are non-routine events that result in non-routine behaviors. In times of disaster, people and
organizations adapt and improvise (Wachtendorf, 2004) to suit the conditions as needs demand. Even emergency
response organizations—which are strongly organized around locally- and federally-mandated protocols—adapt to
accommodate the situation particulars for warning, rescue, and recovery. Indeed, in the US, the organizational
structure that is activated during times of crisis is designed to be internally flexible. However, its ability to be
externally flexible when interfacing with the public is in doubt (Wenger, 1990; Buck, et al, 2006; Palen and Liu,
2007). Members of the public are known by sociologists to improvise in disaster situations, and are responsible for
leading important rescue and relief activities (Tierney, et al. 2001; Kendra and Wachtendorf, 2003; Palen and Liu,
2007). They leverage their own social networks to find and provide information outside the official response effort,
and to make critical decisions about, for example, heeding warning and making plans to evacuate (Mileti, et al., 2006).
These facts are often ignored during local and federal disaster management planning and policy implementation, with
the focus almost entirely on the role of the official response and their management of public-side activities. This
stance places public peer-to-peer communications as “backchannel” activity that does not have full legitimacy in the
information arena of disaster. However, the increasing presence of info ...
Gender Equality and Big Data. Making Gender Data Visible UN Global Pulse
This report provides background context on how big data can be used to facilitate and assess progress towards the SDGs, and focuses in particular on SDG 5 – “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. It examines successes and challenges in the use of big data to improve the lives of women and girls, and identifies concrete data innovation projects from across the development sector that have considered the gender dimension.
Transparency: Changing the Accountability, Engagement and Effectiveness of Aiddbw001
Homi Kharas
Senior Fellow, Global Economy and Development
The Brookings Institution
October, 2010
Abstract
There is a consensus that transparency is vital for aid effectiveness. That’s the good news. The bad news is that this consensus has existed for many years, yet transparency is still considered inadequate. New tools have opened up opportunities for change and reduced the cost of providing information, but changes in agency culture and incentives and high-level leadership are still needed to make progress. In some instances, there is a fear of the exposure created by a commitment to transparency. In other instances, efforts to promote transparency have fizzled with high costs of reporting and little use of the information collected. As the number of institutions involved in development rises, the benefits and challenges of greater transparency rise. The old ideas of centralized, unique databases are giving way to new ideas of decentralized, real-time information that can be merged with other data, presented in compelling visual ways, validated and enriched with feedback from beneficiaries, and systematically used by a wide range of stakeholders. There are three big gaps in transparency. At the global level, data is needed on large new players like non-DAC and private donors. At the recipient country level, the gaps between needs and resources must be identified. Finally, accountability of recipient governments and donors can be strengthened through beneficiary feedback and project evaluation.
Open Government Data & Privacy ProtectionSylvia Ogweng
The document discusses privacy issues related to open government data initiatives. It notes that while open data brings benefits, privacy concerns have slowed its adoption. The types of government data - infrastructure, public services, and personal - present different privacy risks. Maintaining privacy involves de-identifying and anonymizing data, but these processes do not always guarantee privacy. North American governments are working to address privacy through funding for privacy-enhancing technologies and focusing on privacy within specific domains like healthcare and as an extension of security.
This document summarizes a research article about social media data mining and public agency. It discusses how social media data mining is currently used to create "known publics" by large corporations and governments, but raises concerns that this results in less privacy, increased surveillance, and social discrimination. However, the document argues that data mining could be democratized to create "knowing publics" by making data mining more transparent and accessible to the public, and using it in a way that allows publics to understand themselves and act collectively. The document imagines how, if done this way, data mining could empower publics with greater agency over how their data is represented and understood.
Open Data Fueling Innovation - Kristen Honeyscoopnewsgroup
The document discusses the United States' leadership in open government and open data initiatives. It provides details on programs like the Open Government Initiative, Open Government Partnership, and open data policies. It then highlights the impact of open data across various federal agencies and programs, including examples in international development, finance, agriculture, education, health, precision medicine, and policing. Open data is fueling innovation and improved government services.
Releasing open data fuels economic activity, creating value in both the public and private sector. Research from McKinsey suggests that seven sectors could generate more than $3 trillion a year in additional value as a result of open data, which is already giving rise to hundreds of entrepreneurial businesses and helping established companies to segment markets, define new products and services, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations.
While governments looking for economic outcomes from open data must focus on releasing assets with business value, the reach of that category across sectors is quite broad, as new research from New York University (NYU) makes clear.
Invited presentation for plenary session 1: Leveraging a Never Ending Technological Revolution as part of the 4th GEOSS Science and Technology Stakeholder Workshop: Concepts, Technologies, Systems and Users of the Next GEOSS, Norfolk, VA, held on March 24-26, 2015. http://www.gstss.org/2015_Norfolk_4th/program.php
Tracing the Impact of Media Relations andTelevision Coverage.docxjuliennehar
Tracing the Impact of Media Relations and
Television Coverage on U.S. Charitable
Relief Fundraising: An Application of Agenda-Setting
Theory across Three Natural Disasters
Richard D. Waters
School of Management, University of San Francisco
Fundraising practitioners have often expressed the desire to gain media coverage of their nonprofit
organization because it will result in increased donations. Although this folklore is commonly
believed by many fundraisers, there is little evidence to support this claim. This study uses the
agenda-setting theory as the framework to test whether television news coverage of 3 natural disasters
and the nonprofit organizations working to provide charitable relief in wake of the events results in
increased donations to the nonprofit organizations. Using the 2004 Asian tsunami, 2005’s Hurricane
Katrina, and the 2010 Haitian earthquake to test the public’s response to relief efforts, the study found
little support for increased donations to the 5 leading organizations providing relief in relation to gen-
eric news coverage of the disasters. However, when the organizations were specifically mentioned by
reporters in the newscasts, noticeable same-day spikes were seen in donations to the organizations’
fundraising efforts. Similarly, when organizations were able to place spokespeople in the newscast
to talk about their efforts, increased donations resulted from these proactive media relations efforts.
As 2004 ended, one of the strongest earthquakes on record occurred along the floor of the Indian
Ocean. The resulting tsunami devastated 14 nations’ coastlines and killed more than 250,000
people from these nations and tourists from 54 other countries around the globe. Less than 9
months later, Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast from central Florida to Texas, causing more
than $108 billion in damage and causing 1,833 confirmed fatalities. In January, 2010, the island
nation of Haiti was rocked by an earthquake measuring seven on the Richter scale, which
government estimates claim resulted in 316,000 deaths and the destruction of 250,000 residences
and 30,000 commercial and government buildings. Despite the widespread geographic distance
between these three locations and the causes of the damage, these three natural disasters share
one thing in common: Within hours of the events, nonprofit organizations began raising funds so
they could provide immediate humanitarian aid to those in need.
Annually, Americans donate close to $300 billion to nonprofit organizations. According to
the Chronicle of Philanthropy, Americans gave $1.6 billion in cash in the year following the
2004 Asian tsunamis, $3.3 billion to 2005’s Hurricane Katrina relief efforts, and $1.4 billion
to the 2010 Haitian earthquake response. More than 130 nonprofit organizations raised funds
Correspondence should be sent to Richard D. Waters, PhD, University of San Francisco, School of Management,
2130 Fulton Street, San Franc ...
Digital diplomacy - the internet and the battle for ideasnelliesk
This document discusses how digital diplomacy and social media have changed global information sharing and diplomatic efforts. It notes that new media platforms have exponentially grown in use, allowing individuals and groups to more easily organize and voice opinions. While this empowers non-state actors, it also provides benefits for diplomacy by enabling greater access to information and transparency. However, there are also risks like certain groups using social media to organize violence, so digital diplomacy must be practiced carefully.
Are We Measuring the Right Things? From Disclosing Datasets to! Reshaping Da...Jonathan Gray
The document discusses reshaping data infrastructures and the implications for open data initiatives and advocacy. It notes that for beneficial ownership advocacy in the UK, disclosure of existing datasets was not enough, and civil society organizations had to undertake sustained engagement to influence development of data infrastructure systems. This included research on costs, functionality and legislation around public registries of beneficial ownership. It highlights how campaigners must look beyond released information to how information is collected and generated through infrastructure. The document also discusses implications for measuring the right things and new forms of "statactivism" to shape what and how things are measured through infrastructure.
Citizen Science - What's policy got to do with it?Lea Shanley
Policy is an important but often overlooked component of citizen science projects. There are operational data policy considerations, such as user agreements, terms of use, and privacy. There are laws and regulations that may either encourage or inhibit government use of citizen science data. In the United States, these include the U.S. Paperwork Reduction Action, U.S. Data Quality Act, and U.S. Anti-Deficiency Act. And, there is the potential impact of citizen science on public policy objectives. This presentation will touch on each of these three areas. Presented by Lea Shanley and Anne Bowser, Commons Lab, Wilson Center. http://CommonsLab.wilsoncenter.org
The document discusses how open government through data sharing can transform democracy by making governments more open, innovative, responsive and smarter. It provides examples of open government initiatives around the world and argues that governments should make raw public data easily accessible, encourage public participation in designing applications, be responsive to social media, and make data analytics a core competency. The benefits of open government include cheaper and better services, increased transparency and accountability, and deeper civic engagement.
Executive Summary: Mobilsing the Data Revolution for Sustainable DevelopmentDr Lendy Spires
This document provides an executive summary of recommendations for mobilizing data to support sustainable development goals (SDGs). It recommends that the UN establish a global consensus on data principles, a network to share technology and innovations, and new funding to develop data capacity. A UN-led global partnership is proposed to coordinate these actions and mobilize the data revolution for sustainable development, monitoring progress, and holding governments accountable. Quick wins on SDG data are also recommended such as an SDG data lab and dashboard.
Open Data Sources for Disaster ManagementMichal Bodnar
This presentation was given at International Training Course for Disaster Data Sharing and Service Platforms, October 26-30, in Xi'an in China, organized by International Civil Defence Organisation.
V Międzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa Nauka o informacji (informacja naukowa) w okresie zmian Innowacyjne usługi informacyjne. Wydział Dziennikarstwa, Informacji i Bibliologii Katedra Informatologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, 15 – 16 maja 2017
Scraping the Social Graph with Ushahidi and SwiftRiverUshahidi
This document discusses Ushahidi, an open-source platform for crowdsourcing and visualizing data on maps. It was created in 2008 to allow Kenyans to report incidents via SMS during an election crisis. Ushahidi has since been used to monitor many global crises. The challenge is effectively managing the large amounts of real-time data. The SwiftRiver initiative aims to help discover credible information from public reports. It uses algorithms and a global trust database to augment but not define human decision making.
Guidance for Incorporating Big Data into Humanitarian Operations - 2015 - web...Katie Whipkey
This document provides guidance on incorporating big data into humanitarian operations. It defines big data as large, complex datasets that exceed traditional data analysis capabilities. Big data is characterized by its volume, variety, velocity and value. The document outlines the history of big data and provides an overview of different big data types. It also discusses benefits and challenges, as well as important considerations around policy, acquisition, use, and timeline for humanitarian organizations looking to utilize big data.
Convergence Partners has released its latest research report on big data and its meaning for Africa. The report argues that big data poses a threat to those it overlooks, namely a large percentage of Africa’s populace, who remain on big data’s periphery.
Similar to The Emergence of a Third Wave of Open Data (20)
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
5. Even as ever greater amounts of data
are generated and stored, the ability to
actually re-use this data in a productive
and responsible manner to spur
positive social change remains stunted.
8. THIRD WAVE: RE-USE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DATA
The Emergence of a Third
Wave of Open Data
How To Accelerate the Re-Use of Data for Public
Interest Purposes While Ensuring Data Rights
and Community Flourishing
Stefaan G. Verhulst, Andrew Young, Andrew J. Zahuranec,
Susan Ariel Aaronson, Ania Calderon, and Matt Gee
October 2020
14. THE WAY FORWARD
‣ Fostering and distributing institutional
data capacity
‣ Articulating value and building an
impact evidence base
‣ Creating new data intermediaries
‣ Establishing governance frameworks
and seeking regulatory clarity
‣ Creating the technical infrastructure
for reuse
‣ Fostering public data competence
‣ Track, monitor, and clarify decision
and data provenance
‣ Creating and empowering (chief)
data stewards