The Earth in Data
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The document discusses several topics related to the environment including air pollution, plastics, clean water, energy, and food production. It notes that air pollution contributes to 9% of deaths worldwide, with higher percentages in South and East Asia. Plastic production is increasing globally but most plastic waste is discarded rather than recycled. Access to clean water is lacking in some parts of the world, particularly lower income countries and rural areas. While fossil fuels dominate energy production, renewable sources such as wind and solar are growing significantly in recent decades. Agricultural production has become more efficient, with crops yielding three times more than in 1961 from similar amounts of land.
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The Earth in Data
- 1. The Earth in Data
- 3. Percentage of Total Deaths from Air Pollutants โข Air pollution contributes to 9% of deaths worldwide โข Percentage varies from 2% to 15% โข South and East Asia have the highest percentages
- 4. Worldwide Air Pollution Death Rates โข Overall death rates have steadily decreased worldwide โข Largely driven by reductions in indoor air pollution
- 5. 2017 Death Rate for Air Pollution โข Death rates are higher in low and middle income countries โข Indoor air pollution is due to cooking fuels โข Outdoor air pollution comes from rapid industrialization
- 6. USEPA Air Quality Index (AQI) โข Air quality varies for many reasons โข Atmospheric conditions may influence the AQI โข Sources may vary seasonally
- 7. Plastics
- 8. Future Plastic Demand โข Plastic demand is expected to increase through 2100 โข Increases are greatest in developing countries
- 9. The Plastic Life Cycle โข Plastic production continues to increase, but where does it go โข The majority is discarded โข Very little is recycled โข Even recycled plastics have a limited lifespan
- 10. Plastic Waste โข Plastic waste typically goes into 1 of 3 waste streams โข Discarded โข Incinerated โข Recycled
- 11. Plastic Production โข Packaging is the leading use of plastic products โข Textiles are the synthetic fabrics we wear every day
- 12. Plastic Waste Generation โข Packaging also leads in waste generation โข Approximately 96% of packaging plastics go to waste โข Relatively short lifespan
- 13. Plastic Waste Disposal โข Inadequate disposal puts rivers and oceans at risk โข Inadequate disposal is linked to environmental laws in general
- 14. Ocean Plastics โข May remain for long periods of time โข Breakdown to produce microplastics โข Microplastics may introduce toxic compounds into the food web
- 15. Clean Water
- 16. Clean Water is Lacking โข Unsafe water is a leading cause of death in some parts of the world โข Lack of clean water is more deadly than natural disasters or conflicts
- 17. Where is Unsafe Water a Problem โข Deaths from unsafe water are focused in certain areas โข Lower income countries and rural areas are most at risk โข Access to clean water may be linked to infrastructure
- 18. Sources of Water Pollution โข Point Sources โ we know where it came from โข Non-point Sources โ diffuse areas โข Point sources are heavily regulated in developed countries
- 19. Impact to Water Quality โข Leading causes โข Excess nutrients โข Oily waste โข Pesticides โข Toxic metals โข Pathogens โข On a per acre basis, the average homeowner uses 10x the amount of agricultural chemicals than the average farmer
- 20. Energy
- 21. Sources of Our Energy โข Carbon-based fuels are dominant โข Fossil fuels โข Biofuels โข Renewable sources are a minor source globally
- 22. U.S. Energy Sources โข Total fossil fuels is declining โข Natural gas is replacing some coal โข Natural gas is cleaner โข Non-hydro renewables has almost tripled in a decade
- 23. World Renewable Energy โข Total use is increasing โข Almost 6x in 50 years โข Most of the increase is in hydropower โข Hydropower has numerous negative impacts
- 24. Wind energy Generation โข The US and China lead the world in generation โข Approximately 3x more than the next highest โข Wind energy suffers from being an inconsistent power source
- 25. Solar Energy Generation โข China and the U.S. lead the way โข India is accelerating solar capacity โข Supports their rural electrification initiative โข Africa is starting larger projects
- 26. Geothermal Energy โข The US, Philippines and Indonesia lead the world in production โข Iceland produces 25% of its electricity โข Largely limited to areas with recent volcanic activity โข Ground-source heat pumps are a growing source
- 27. Food
- 29. Environmental Impact of Food Production โข Livestock production lead in greenhouse gas emissions, while nuts may be carbon negative โข Nuts have, by far, the largest impact on water resources
- 30. Agricultural Efficiency โข Efficiency is increasing โข An acre of land produces about 3x more crops than in 1961 โข Combination of modern fertilizers, farming practices and hybrid crops
- 31. Agricultural Efficiency โข Cereal crop production (wheat, barley, corn, etc.) is increasing slightly faster than population โข The land used to produce the food is relatively unchanged
- 32. Agricultural Efficiency โข US production has far outpaced population growth โข Land use for cereal crop production has decreased