Download to read offline
The difference between structure programming and Object Oriented Programming
- 1.
- 2. 2 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING • Precursorto OOP • Consists of well-structured and separated modules • User can create its own user-defined functions • Requires more discipline at the design and logical structuring stage
- 3. 3 OOP • Brings togetherdata and functions that execute on them • Supports encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, etc • Includes data hiding feature = it is more secure • Based on real life entities that focuses on by whom task is to be done rather than focusing on what to do
- 4.
- 5. 5 • Abstraction: Hidingcomplex implementation details and showing only essential features to the user, e.g using a car without knowing exactly how the engine works. • Therefore: Abstraction means showing only what’s necessary and hiding unnecessary details. • Driving a car • You use the steering wheel, pedals, and gear. • You don’t need to understand how the engine, fuel injection, or transmission works. • You interact with simple interfaces. • The complex implementation is hidden. • You only care that the car moves when you press the accelerator—not how combustion works.
- 6. 6 • Encapsulation: Bundlingdata (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data within a single unit (class), controlling access to protect data from outside interference. • Encapsulation is about bundling related things together and hiding the messy details. • A TV remote control • You press the power or volume button. • You don’t need to know how the electronics inside work. • The complicated stuff is hidden inside the remote. • Data (information) and methods (actions) are kept together in a class. • Users can only access what they’re allowed to, not the internal details. • Like using an ATM: you withdraw money, but you never see how the bank processes it.
- 7. 7 • Inheritance: Allowingnew classes (subclasses) to inherit properties and behaviors from existing classes (superclasses), promoting code reuse (e.g., a Cat inherits from Animal). • Inheritance allows something new to reuse existing features instead of starting from scratch. • A family: • A child inherits traits like eye color or height from parents. • But the child can also have unique characteristics. • A new class (child) can inherit properties and behaviors from an existing class (parent). • It can add or modify features. • Example: Vehicle Car Electric Car → → • An electric car still has wheels and brakes, but adds a battery and charging..
- 8. 8 • Polymorphism: Theability for objects to take on many forms, allowing a single interface to represent different underlying types or methods performing differently based on the object. • Polymorphism means the same action works differently depending on the situation. • The word “play” • Play music • Play football • Play a movie • Same word, different actions depending on context. • The same method name can behave differently for different objects. • Like pressing the “Start” button: • On a washing machine it washes clothes → • On a car it starts the engine →
- 9. 9 ENCAPSULATION – KEEPING THINGSNEATLY PACKED • Using an ATM: • you withdraw money without seeing how the bank processes it.
- 10. 10 ABSTRACTION – USING WHATYOU NEED, IGNORING THE REST • Driving a car without knowing how the engine works.
- 11. 11 INHERITANCE – LIKE PARENTTO CHILD TRAIT A child inherits features from parents but can have new ones.
- 12. 12 POLYMORPHISM – SAME ACTION,DIFFERENT BEHAVIOR Pressing “Start” on different machines does different things.
- 13. 13 • Encapsulation: Keepthings together and hide the complexity • Abstraction: Show only what the user needs • Inheritance: Reuse and extend existing features • Polymorphism: Same action, different results
- 14.
- 15. C++ AND C#BOTH ARE COMMONLY USED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND CAME UP WITH DIFFERENT POWERFUL FEATURES USED IN DIFFERENT USE CASES
- 16. 16 C++ • C++ codeneeds to be recompiled for each platform. • Can be run on any platform with the appropriate compiler • Used where the application needs to directly communicate with hardware
- 17.
- 18.
- 19. 19 C# • Run onthe Common Language Runtime (CLR) which is a component of the Microsoft .NET Framework • Compiled = executable code is in an intermediate language called Common Intermediate Language (CIL) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) • Not machine-specific & can run on any platform that has the CLR installed • CIL code executed = CLR compiles it into machine code that can be executed by the processor.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22. 22 C# • using: letsyou use classes from a namespace without full names • System: built-in namespace that has basic classes (like Console) • class: defines a class (container for code) • static: method belongs to the class itself, no object needed • void: return type meaning “no value returned”
- 23. 23 C# - CLASS •At the most basic level, classes are ways to organize code. You could write your entire program in a single file, but it would be very difficult to manage • By grouping code and data together in ways that make sense to you as the programmer, you make your life much easier
- 24. 24 C# - CLASS •Imagine a person. A person has a name, age, address. • When you make a class that represents a person you have to see the class as an actual person. • You write the name of what the class represents, in this case a person: • class Person • Then you write down what a person has, what were those attributes again? • class Person • Name • Age • Adres
- 25. 25 C# - CLASS •You can also write methods in a class. • Just think about what a person could do? • A person might be able to walk. • So you would write a method inside the Person class that represents walking. • Thats a class. Now do this for a chair, an airplaine, a car.
- 26. 26 C# - CLASS •If you imagine a video game, • have a lot of similar things that will have similar properties and functionality: random things/objects will need location data to determine where to display them as well as something that defines what visuals to use, creatures will need various ways of moving around and interacting with things, etc. • Could duplicate the same code a lot, as well as defining everything in one giant block before you use it or group the code up and reuse it in multiple places. • With a squirrel class = can create as many squirrels as you want without having to write the same code and properties over and over for each squirrel • can create a whole bunch of them in a loop with each one having its own copy of the properties and functionality.
- 27.