Class 1 of a series called the Consummation, a Reformed view of end times or eschatology. This is being taught at Christ Presbyterian Church, 495 Terrell Mill Road, Marietta, GA 30067. This class will be taught at 10am on January 15, 2017.

1. Foundations
C.S. Noren, 2017

2.  What to expect in the class series.
 Definitions
 The bigWhy?
 Context and foundation of Eschatology
 CovenantTheology Review.
 Typology Review.
 Who are God’s People?
 10 Eschatology Principles

3.  12 weeks.
 I will teach each class unless urgent business calls,
such as a needed vacation break.
 Class notes on my blog:
http://metaschema.blogspot.com/
 Published under pseudonym: Earl Flask (short for
Erlenmeyer Flask).
 Class notes published as blog entry sometime
before class.
 No paper handouts.

4.  Questions are welcome.
 Can be asked in class.
 Can be asked privately outside of class.
 Can be emailed to me at
chuck.noren@gmail.com
 Can be asked in the comments in blog at:
http://metaschema.blogspot.com/

5.  The different major end-time views.
 How to reason biblically about end-time
views.
 Drilling down on some specific end-time
topics.
 Answering class questions.
 What difference does this topic make?

6.  Respect for different viewpoints.
 I have a viewpoint on the topic. It will come out.
 Others will have different viewpoints on this topic.
 Be kind and do not belittle.
 Our denomination (PCA) permits members to
have many views, but leaders and teachers must
follow certain parameters.This will be explained
during the classes.
 Why does this matter? How does it apply?
 Not just an intellectual exercise to amaze our
friends and confuse our enemies.

7.  The word arises from the Greek ἔσχατος
eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning
"the study of“ (Wikipedia)
 The study of the last days in human history
before Christ comes again … and what
happens afterwards.
 It also includes all of history as it moves
towards its consummation.

8.  Gives powerful understanding of history and
its direction.
 Shows us that God is in control.
 Shows that God will lovingly protect his
people.
 Tells us what to expect now and in the future.
 Provides a glimpse of the wonderful
consummation.
 Shows us how to live now.
 It shows us Jesus, our rock and redeemer.

9.  CovenantTheology is
the foundation for
Eschatology
 CovenantTheology
has implications for
Eschatology
Eschatology
Covenant
Theology

10. O. Palmer Robertson

11. Covenants
Structural Thematic
Inauguration Life in the
Covenant
Genealogy Immanuel God
Dwelling
Climax in
Christ
Adam Promise to
seed of
woman
Salvation
promise
Seed of
woman
God will
come in the
seed
God will
dwell in
seed
Christ is the
godly seed
Noah Continuation
of mankind
and seasons
Renewal of
the land
Continuation
of godly
seed
Preservation
of the godly
seed
God will
dwell with
godly seed
Christ is the
Ark
Abraham Promise of
people and
land
Will posses
the land in
400 years
Seed God to you
and your
seed
Promise of
God will
dwell in land
Christ takes
the curse
Sinai God
remembered
Abraham
Blessings
and cursings
in the land.
Seed, 1000
generations
Israel’s God,
God’s
treasure
Tabernacle Christ is
Tabernacle
David Ref.
delivering
from Egypt
King in the
land
Seed To be a
people of
Yahweh
Temple Christ is the
Temple
New Fulfillment in
the Lord’s
Supper.
The king
dies for his
kingdom
Ingrafting,
pruning
Many
nations
joined
Christ New
Heavens
and Earth in
Christ
Unity of the Covenants

12. Progressive Revelation
Obscurely
Intimated
Gradually
Unfolded
Fully
Revealed
Gradually
Unfolded
Gradually
Unfolded

13.  Historical-grammatical method – Find the
meaning of the passage as the original author
would have intended and what the original
hearers would have understood.
 Redemptive-historical method – Subset of
the historical-grammatical method where the
OT points to Christ and his redemptive work
on the cross.

14.  Events/people/nations hint at deeper things.
 Repeating patterns and themes.
 Progression towards a goal.

15. Symbol
Reality
A symbol is an object
that represents, stands
for, or suggests a
deeper reality.

16.  … and the Holy Spirit descended on him in
bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came
from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with
you I am well pleased.” … the son of Enos, the
son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.
(Luke 3:22, 38 ESV)

17.  Adam is not only a
historical figure, he
also represents being a
son of God.
 Christ is not only a
historical figure, he is
also the Son of God. Adam
Son of
God
A symbol is an object
that represents, stands
for, or suggests a
deeper reality.

18. Type
Reality
A type is an Old
Testament object that
represents, stands for,
or suggests a reality
made clear in the New
Testament.

19. Christ
Son of
God
A type is an Old
Testament object that
represents, stands for,
or suggests a reality
made clear in the New
Testament.
Adam
Son of
God

20. T1 Tn
History of Redemption
SymbolicReference
S
S – Symbol
T1 –Truth Symbolized
Tn –TruthTypified
(to the nth degree)

21. T1 Tn
History of Redemption
SymbolicReference
S A
Application
Allegory
S – Symbol
T1 –Truth Symbolized
Tn –TruthTypified
A – Application

22. 1st Adam
Son of God
History of Redemption
SymbolicReference
Adam
Last Adam
Son of God

23. Israel
Son of God
History of Redemption
SymbolicReference
Israel
Messiah
Son of God
GivethankstowhatJesus
didinredeemingus.
Rebuild earthly kingdom
AApplication
Allegory

24.  Protological
 Adjective: Concerned with or relating to origins or
beginnings.
(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/protolog
ical)
 Typological
 Adjective: Concerned with or relating to symbols
made clear in the NewTestament.
 Eschatological
 Adjective: Concerned with or relating to the final
consummation of the world, God’s Kingdom, and
people.

25. Adam the protological son of God, Israel the typological, and Jesus the eschatological.
Dr. Lane G.Tipton, http://reformedforum.org/podcasts/rf14_03/
Adam
Protological
Son
Israel
Typological
Son
Christ
Eschatological
Son
Adam – Protological Son
• First son.
• Represents humanity.
•Failed test in the garden.
• Points to Christ.
Israel –Typological Son
• God’s redeemed people.
• Failed test in wilderness.
• Points to Christ.
Christ – Eschatological
Son
• Final son.
• Represents elect.
• Succeeds in wilderness.
• Redeems his people.

26. Eden – Protological
Kingdom
• First Kingdom.
• Kept byWorks.
• Lost byAdam’s
disobedience.
• Points to New
Jerusalem.
Israel –Typological
Kingdom
• Fulfilled in Joshua
•Typological Kingdom.
• Kept by typological
obedience.
• Lost by Israel’s
disobedience
• Points to New Jerusalem
New Jerusalem –
Eschatological Kingdom
• Final Kingdom.
• Given by Christ to the elect.
• Christ succeeds in obedience.
• Elect will never loose this
kingdom.
Eden
Protological
Kingdom
Israel
Typological
Kingdom
New
Jerusalem
Eschatological
Kingdom

27.  Joshua took the whole land, according to all that the LORD had spoken
to Moses. And Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to
their tribal allotments. And the land had rest from war.
Joshua 11:23 (ESV)
 “And now I am about to go the way of all the earth, and you know in your
hearts and souls, all of you, that not one word has failed of all the good
things that the LORD your God promised concerning you. All have come
to pass for you; not one of them has failed.”
Joshua 23:14 (ESV)
 “…if you transgress the covenant of the LORD your God, which he
commanded you, and go and serve other gods and bow down to them.
Then the anger of the LORD will be kindled against you, and you shall
perish quickly from off the good land that he has given to you.”
Joshua 23:16 (ESV)

28. Hebrew: Assembly
…translated as Ecclesia (or Church) in
the Septuagint. (Deut 9:10, 10:4, 16:8,
18:16)
Greek: Ecclesia
…the same word used in the
Septuagint for Assembly. (Matt 16:8,
18:16, Acts, NT Epistles, Revelation).

29.  From O. Palmer Robertson, The Israel of
God,Yesterday,Today, andTomorrow
(2000, P&R Publishing), pp. 192-195.

30. 1. The Church is part of the
messianic kingdom of
Christ.
2. Modern Israel is not part
of the messianic kingdom
of Christ.
3. Modern Israel is biblically
not a precursor to the
mass conversion of the
Jewish people.
4. The land in the Bible is a
type encompasses the
entire universe forGod’s
redeemed people.
5. Return of Israel to the
land refers to the
restoration of all things in
the resurrection of
believers in the return of
Christ.
6. No reestablished
priesthood or sacrificial
system will provide a
proper supplement to the
current established
priesthood of Christ and
his final sacrifice.

31. 7. It is illegitimate to have
worship practices that
put Jewish and Gentile
believers in different
categories.
8. The present and future
messianic kingdoms
will have Jews and
Gentiles in equal
standing.
9. The future messianic
kingdom will not have a
distinctive Jewish
aspect that will
distinguish Jewish
believers from Gentile
believers.
10. The future messianic
kingdom will embrace
the whole created
realm and not have a
special region
designated as the
promised land.

32.  Because we are grafted in, OT history is our
history.
 In a similar way, we see that our local church’s history
is our history (even before we were here).
 Thank those who labored in our church.
 We are part of a huge epic that is moving
towards a great and wonderful consummation.
 See OT Israel, theTemple, etc., as
foreshadowings that gives you glimpses of
Christ and what the new heavens and new earth
will be like.