The conflict of architectural intelligence

The Conflict of Architectural
g
Intelligence:
Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent
Architecture

Khaled Ali Youssef, M.Sc.
Associate Lecturer
Dept. Of Architectural Engineering, Assiut University

IACA 6
Assiut, March 15th - 17th, 2005

Introduction
In the early 1980s, trade magazines began writing
stories on Intelligent Architecture (IA), initiating
pressure on architects to build Intelligent Buildings
(IBs) despite there was no standard definition of
IBs.

In the 1990s the shift into the informational mode
1990s,
as a paradigm was promotes, placing new demands
on architecture before it can be termed 'intelligent'.

With the rise of global hazards, the footprint of
architecture on the environment became a matter for
concern, the fact that promoted the concept of IA to
pay attention to the environmental quality and
hazards prevention.

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005
Intelligent Architecture Slide 02 of 15

Motivations
In investigating what IA is, dozens of definitions,
proposals and viewpoints announced themselves, Motivations
showing the term to be one of those words which
are easy t use b t h d t d fi
to but hard to define.
The Wide Use
What can be considered of greater importance is the of the Term IA
conflict between these definitions, proposals and
viewpoints, and consequently the powerful impacts The Conflict
on architecture, especially when imitating takes Of IA
the i it
th priority over understanding th i li ti
d t di the implications.

Impacts on
The wide use of the term, the conflict between its
, Architecture
proposals and the powerful impacts on architecture
all highlighted the demand for an Integrated
Demand for
Profile of Intelligent Architecture (IPIA) to be an
an IPIA
issue of this work.


Aim, Objectives and Paper Organization

Paper Organization The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing the
outline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standards
into consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of
objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to be
investigated, formulating the body of the paper:

1- Introduction Recognizing what Definitions of Human Intelligence
Human Intelligence intelligence is Components of Intelligence

2- The Conflict Realizing Introducing the wide range of knowledge,
of Arch. Intelligence the conflict of IA and oppositions between viewpoints

3- Classification Better understanding
Classification
Better understand IA IA viewpoints

4- Implications Understanding the The offered opportunities and the imposed
of IA perspectives implications of IA
p challenges
g

5- Discussion: Identifying the IPIA Aim, objectives, scope and limitations
before sketching IPIA inputs and outputs of integration in the light of the local context

6- Proposed IPIA Integrating IA Exploring alternatives, developing the winning
and how to apply it viewpoints alternative, and sketching the demanded IPIA


The 1st issue

Introduction: What is intelligence?
According to the British Encyclopedia, intelligence is the 'ability to
adapt effectively to the environment by making a change in oneself,
changing the environment or finding a new one'.
James Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to ‘tell’ our conscious
tell
minds the ‘observed’ events, ‘analyze’ facts, ‘interpret’ knowledge,
‘evaluate’ processes, ‘accompany’ thoughts by feelings and finally
reach ‘conclusions’. Therefore, to be termed intelligent is to be able to
1- Introduction
Human Intelligence
Human Intelligence
observe, tell, analyze, interpret, evaluate, accompany, and conclude.
b t ll l i t t l t d l d

2- The Conflict The cognitive psychologist R. Sternberg proposes that intelligence is
of Arch. Intelligence
made of three integrated and interdependent aspects: the internal world
3- Classification (
(cognition), th relationship t th external world ( ti ) and
iti ) the l ti hi to the t l ld (action) d
Better understand IA experiences (integration).
4- Implications
of IA perspectives
Summing up..
5- Discussion: Intelligence is not a single mental
before sketching IPIA process; it is a combination of many
6- Proposed IPIA mental processes directed toward
and how to apply it
effective adaptation to the environment.


The 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence
In the 1980s the term IA was prompted
1980s, Kerckhove, 2001
as a marketing tool to attract users, Bringing Zijlstra, 2000
Vink & together three
promoting buildings to be equipped with main spatial
Green, 2001
Eger, and
automation systems and high-tech environments: mind,
environmentally oriented
installations. WTA, 2000
world, and networks.
Information technology,
economic development,
Atkin, 1988 quality of
Promoting broadband and
job growth, and
telecommunications
In the 1990s, the term IA was used to Morrow, 1995
life
Self-knowing, deciding
technologies
1- Introduction embrace creating architecture in an anti-
anti and responding
Human Intelligence Christiansson, 2000
Productivity and personal
spatial context, being accessed via environmental control
2- The Conflict
Leung (IBI), 2000
A part of the worldwide
2- The Conflict networks. With the rise of global
of Arch. Intelligence telecommunication
hazards, the footprint of architecture on Cornick, 1988
Building within a
network built
sustainable
3- Classification the natural environment has increasingly Fox, 2001
Sensory-motor adaptation
environment
Better understand IA to support life
become a matter for concern, promoting Nordx
Sustainability,
4- Implications the environmental quality and hazards automation, and
of IA perspectives Wong et al, to
responsiveness 2001
Network cabling
p
prevention to be an integral part of IA
IA.
solutions, and changes
environmental selection
An appropriate
5- Discussion: environmental
of Quality Environmental
before sketching IPIA
At all times, architectural intelligence adaptabilityachieve long
Modules to
6- Proposed IPIA was accompanied by a wide range of term building values
and how to apply it
knowledge; definitions and proposals.
etc.

The 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence
Kerckhove, 2001
In analyzing the wide range of
definitions, one cannot fail to notice the Bringing Zijlstra, 2000
Vink & together three
main spatial
conflict of IA. Green, 2001
Eger, and
environments: mind,
environmentally oriented
For
F example, exploiting th i f
l l iti the informational
ti l WTA, 2000
world, and networks.
Information technology,
mode as a paradigm putting an end to the economic development,
Atkin, 1988 quality of
Promoting broadband and
job growth, and
dominance of the physical seems to telecommunications
Morrow, 1995
life
Self-knowing, deciding
technologies
1- Introduction interfere with p
providing
g spatial
p and responding
Human Intelligence environments with high-tech installations Christiansson, 2000
Productivity and personal
environmental control
2- The Conflict
to shift into a place of more value and Leung (IBI), 2000
A part of the worldwide
2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence power. telecommunication
Cornick, 1988
Building within a
network built
sustainable
3- Classification Spatial versus Anti-spatial Fox, 2001
Sensory-motor adaptation
environment
Better understand IA to support life
Nordx
Sustainability,
4- Implications Higher Setting limits automation, and
of IA perspectives Wong et al, to
responsiveness 2001
Network cabling
p
utilization of
tili ti f versus for tili i
f utilizing solutions, and changes
environmental selection
An appropriate
5- Discussion: technology technology environmental
of Quality Environmental
adaptabilityachieve long
Modules to
6- Proposed IPIA term building values
and how to apply it
Globalization versus Localization

etc. etc.

The 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand IA
+ =

Creating Exploiting free Sustainable
microclimate energy energy

Anti-spatial Greenness Simplicity Environmentally
environments oriented design

Durability Self-generating Scarcity Symbiosis The quality
Energy With nature of life

Promoting Information Economic Tele- Emergency Tele-serving
broadband technology development communications management architecture
1- Introduction
Human Intelligence Environmental Users’ comfort Self-know, Cost Cabling
responsibility and productivity decide respond awareness solutions

2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence Environmental Improving Users’ Automation Responsiveness E-activities
quality performance participation to changes

3- Classification
3- Classification
Flexibility Integration with Energy Recycling Renewable
Better understand IA
networks efficiency energy

4- Implications Life Installing Soft built- Installing high-
of IA perspectives safety the four-Cs environments tech devices

5- Discussion: Responding to Connectivity to E-agent
before sketching IPIA internal demands global networks support

6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
Perspective (1) Perspective (2) Perspective (3)


The 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand IA
Perspective (1) Perspective (2) Perspective (3)

Exploiting Inf. Technology (IT) Physical architecture in promoted Creating durable, green, and
and the connectivity to broad to self-know, decide and respond environmentally oriented
band networks to create anti- to external changes and internal architecture that exploits free,
spatial, Tele-served, soft demands, saving energy, passive, sustainable, renewable,
architecture, promoting improving performance, bio-degradable and recyclable
physically built environments to minimizing cost, and supporting energy resources, to guarantee
be supplanted by e-activities, users' comfort and productivity, the environmental quality, the
supported by e-agents, and via means of technical intergenerational equality, the
closely integrated with networks installations, cabling solutions, quality of life and the intended
1- Introduction in a global context
context. and automation systems
systems. symbiosis with nature
nature.
Human Intelligence
Based on the definition of Improving performance,
Attributes meet the
2- The Conflict VR as “the simulated self-responding, saving
standards of sustainability
of Arch. Intelligence reality” and “computer energy, minimizing cost and
that was defined as “utilizing
screen 3D-simulated world”, supporting users’ comfort
resources in ways that allow
and the d fi i i
d h definitions of Vi
f Virtual
l and productivity, via means
d d i i i
3- Classification
3- Classification Architecture as “the of high-tech installations and
them to renew themselves”,
Better understand IA electronic representation of automation systems.
“not to eliminate or degrade
renewable resources”, and
architecture serving two Further, the group supports
“meeting the need of the
4- Implications purposes: simulating the drive for higher
present without
of IA perspectives physical architecture and utilization of technology to
compromising the abilities of
providing functional virtual prevail, the fact that
future generations”, to be
5- Discussion: places” the first group of promotes this group to be
entitled ‘Sustanable
attributes is entitled ‘Virtual entitled ‘Automated
before sketching IPIA Architecture’
Architecture’ Architecture’

6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
Virtual Automated Sustainable
Architecture – VA Architecture - AA Architecture - SA


The 4th issue

Implications of IA Perspectives
To better understand the implications the concept of IA the three
IA,
perspectives were criticized, investigating the offered opportunities
and the imposed challenges, from various points of view;
environmental, functional, structural, economic, political, social
and aesthetical.

1- Introduction
Opportunities Challenges
Human Intelligence

2- The Conflict • Environmental quality • Digital divide
of Arch. Intelligence • Societal equality • Gap between abilities and
• Minimizing commutes demands
3- Classification • Reducing waste & pollution • Concentration of wealth and
Better understand IA • Better communicating with power
users • Shrinkage of mass
4- Implications • Minimizing presence cost employment
of IA perspectives
of IA perspectives • Money-making opportunities
y g pp • Loosing collective identity
g y
• More freedom and active • Societal inequality
5- Discussion: participation • The rise of invented needs
before sketching IPIA • Job creation opportunities • Involvement of computer
• Rescuing societies form the scientists and programmers
6- Proposed IPIA idiocy of rural life
y
and how to apply it
……. etc. ……. etc.


The 5th issue

Discussion: Before Integrating IA Perspectives
In this part, the ground, on which the demanded IPIA can be built, is
gained systematically through answering a number of questions:

(a) How important and significant
is the integration of the IA three
perspectives?
1- Introduction Absence of Integration
Human Intelligence
(b) Would one perspective be
2- The Conflict sufficient for architecture to
of Arch. Intelligence be termed intelligent?
Absence of a perspective (s)
3- Classification
(c) Is IA restricted within the
boundary of the 3 perspectives?
4- Implications
of IA perspectives Examples before 1980s
+ddeveloping countries
l i t i
5- Discussion:
before sketching IPIA (d) Is there a standard profile of IA?
and, what might it be affected by?
6- Proposed IPIA 3 Key factors: IA opportunities,
y pp ,
and how to apply it
challeges and the local context Smart M d i of the hot-
S Moderation f h h
Buffer zones + insulation
and-humid tropical climate,
Smart Cooling: via the thermal stability
From -35C to +3C
Bangladish
of the earth, Costozza villas

The 6th issue

An Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
1- Exploring d Analyzing Alternatives of I
1 E l i and A l i Al i f Integration
i

(a) Reasonability of
the relationship Alternative
Al i An Integrated
between the three A + B + C = Profile of IA
(1)
perspectives

1- Introduction Alternative A An Integrated
A I t t d
Human Intelligence (b) Appropriateness to B + C = Profile of IA
(2)
the local context
2- The Conflict
Alternative A An Integrated
B
3- Classification (3) C = Profile of IA

4- Implications The
of IA perspectives Alternative A An Integrated
An
winning
inning B + C = Profile of IA
(4) Integrated
5- Discussion: alternative Profile of IA

A
6- Proposed IPIA Alternative An Integrated
and how to apply it
and how to apply it (5) = Profile of IA
B C


The 6th issue

2- Developing the Winning Alternative: IPIA
2 D l i th Wi i Alt ti
A An Integrated
A B + C = Profile of IA

1- Introduction Global boundary Architecture Local boundary
Human Intelligence of sustainability of sustainability

2- The Conflict

3- Classification
Better understand IA Physical Virtual
Architecture Architecture
4- Implications
of IA perspectives
In addition to
the i
th viewpoints
i t
Automated that would
5- Discussion: Architecture contribute to the
profile; Others
6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
and how to apply it Another local boundary
of sustainability


The 6th issue

3- How to Apply the
3 H t A l th IPIA t S lid A li ti
to Solid Applications

Comparative
Analysis
(in the light The Winning Compromise
Architecture VA AA SA Others of IPIA and Alternative Final
the 2 level (s) Solution
1- Introduction strategy)
Human Intelligence
Aims
Aims
2- The Conflict
of Arch. Intelligence Objectives
Objectives
3- Classification Built Spaces
Built Spaces
Activities
4- Implications Activities
of IA perspectives
People
People
5- Discussion: Etc.
before sketching IPIA Etc.

6- Proposed IPIA
and how to apply it
and how to apply it


Results, Conclusions and Future Work
In this paper, the complexity of IA and the conflict
between its proposals were investigated,
highlighting the need for a coherent profile to
integrate the wide range of knowledge taking the
knowledge,
local context into account. First, IA definitions,
proposals and viewpoints were introduced to be
categorized into three broad perspectives: VA, AA
and SA. To b
d better understand the i li i
d d h implications of f
IA perspectives, the offered opportunities and
imposed challenges were investigated. After that,
alternatives of integration were explored, the
winning alternative was developed and the IPIA
was sketched, proposing a method for application.

In a future work the worked out IPIA is to be
work,
applied to solid applications, investigating its
ability to develop existing built environments.


The conflict of architectural intelligence

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to The conflict of architectural intelligence

Similar to The conflict of architectural intelligence (20)

More from Khaled Ali

More from Khaled Ali (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (16)

The conflict of architectural intelligence