Humans are a social organism, we have evolved to be social. Working together for a collective action is hardwired into us. We want to help, share, and give to each other and receive in kind.
Many things that we want , and need, cannot be created simply by our own efforts, so require some form of collaboration or reciprocity. The benefits we derive from that sociability we could call social capital. Social capital arises from the human capacity to consider others to think and act generously and cooperatively.
The concept of social capital relates to important questions of human behaviour and motivation such as why people give or help others even when there is no foreseeable benefit for themselves.
The central preposition of social capital is that relationships matter and that social networks are a valuable asset.
Trust Domination Based on Local Wisdom in The Concept of Social Capital in Lo...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Social capital theory generates disputes that have ramifications for social connections. The issue
centers on the concept of social capital as tangible capital in which individuals or organizations can leverage
social interactions, such as values, social networks, and trust, to achieve economic and social benefits. The
intrinsic element of trust has a significant influence on the other elements. The premise is that the stronger the
element of trust, the more powerful social capital's role as a catalyst for social change will be. The article
indicates that the idea of social capital, particularly the element of trust, provides a beneficial framework for the
effective development and formulation of policies based on indigenous wisdom in Belu Regency, East Nusa
Tenggara Province.
KEYWORDS :Social Capital, Trust, Government Performance
Affect of Social Capital on Mental Health OutcomesRuby Med Plus
This research Paper discuss affect of social capital on Mental Health. Psycho social Processes and Social Capital, Empowerment and Social Capital, Social Networks and Social Capital, Measurement of social capital, The Mental Health Index indicators integration, The Social and Mental Well Being Index integration, Health-related Behaviors and Social Capital, Access to Mental Health Services and Amenities, Stressed Problems in Communities affecting social capital and mental health, Model of Overlapping Clusters of Problems, Suicide, Anti-social Behaviour and Social Capital.
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander.docxMARRY7
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander/Kathleen Lowney) Page 1
Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Social Capital∗ Building Toolkit
(Version 1.2)+
October, 2006
By Thomas H. Sander and Kathleen Lowney
Introductory note:
Although this toolkit emanates from Harvard, much of what is suggested here falls in the
“smart bets” category rather than the standard of certifiable truth that academic
institutions typically adhere to. The comments and framework in this document are
designed to help communities thinking about social capital and present them with
hypotheses that they can pressure test through field experimentation. For that reason, we
would appreciate any useful feedback concerning where your experience differs from our
framework and ways in which this Toolkit could be more effective. You can e-mail us
your thoughts to: [email protected]
∗ This toolkit is not mean to be a primer on Social Capital. For more information on what social is, see
http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/saguaro/primer.htm and for some general tools on community organizing see
the excellent Citizen's Handbook at [http://www.vcn.bc.ca/citizens-handbook/] or HUD’s document on
becoming a community organizer (HUD – becoming a community organizer at
http://www.hud.gov/community/comorg1.cfm or). For general community skills see the Community Tool
Box (http://ctb.ku.edu/). For a statement about the importance of social capital building see “The
Importance of Social Infrastructure” by Cornelia Flora
(http://www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/june97/build-soc-capital.html). Xav Briggs of MIT has
some excellent tools on the community problem-solving at: http://web.mit.edu/cpsproject/home.html.
+ Kathleen Lowney co-authored this document up to version 1.0 but bears no responsibility for changes
thereafter.
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander/Kathleen Lowney) Page 2
Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Social Capital Building Toolkit
(Version 1.2)
October, 2006
Introduction
For the past decade, social capital has resonated strongly with communities across
America attempting to improve residents’ quality of life and overall well-being. Social
capital, defined as “ the social networks and the norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity
that arise from them,” is a powerful predictor of many social goods, including people’s
health and happiness, levels of economic development, well-working schools, safe
neighborhoods, and responsive government.1
Although the Social Capital Community Benchmark Study2 has enabled us to better
quantify and measure social capital, we are still exploring the most effective ways,
settings and activities to build social capital and increase civic engage ...
Trust Domination Based on Local Wisdom in The Concept of Social Capital in Lo...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Social capital theory generates disputes that have ramifications for social connections. The issue
centers on the concept of social capital as tangible capital in which individuals or organizations can leverage
social interactions, such as values, social networks, and trust, to achieve economic and social benefits. The
intrinsic element of trust has a significant influence on the other elements. The premise is that the stronger the
element of trust, the more powerful social capital's role as a catalyst for social change will be. The article
indicates that the idea of social capital, particularly the element of trust, provides a beneficial framework for the
effective development and formulation of policies based on indigenous wisdom in Belu Regency, East Nusa
Tenggara Province.
KEYWORDS :Social Capital, Trust, Government Performance
Affect of Social Capital on Mental Health OutcomesRuby Med Plus
This research Paper discuss affect of social capital on Mental Health. Psycho social Processes and Social Capital, Empowerment and Social Capital, Social Networks and Social Capital, Measurement of social capital, The Mental Health Index indicators integration, The Social and Mental Well Being Index integration, Health-related Behaviors and Social Capital, Access to Mental Health Services and Amenities, Stressed Problems in Communities affecting social capital and mental health, Model of Overlapping Clusters of Problems, Suicide, Anti-social Behaviour and Social Capital.
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander.docxMARRY7
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander/Kathleen Lowney) Page 1
Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Social Capital∗ Building Toolkit
(Version 1.2)+
October, 2006
By Thomas H. Sander and Kathleen Lowney
Introductory note:
Although this toolkit emanates from Harvard, much of what is suggested here falls in the
“smart bets” category rather than the standard of certifiable truth that academic
institutions typically adhere to. The comments and framework in this document are
designed to help communities thinking about social capital and present them with
hypotheses that they can pressure test through field experimentation. For that reason, we
would appreciate any useful feedback concerning where your experience differs from our
framework and ways in which this Toolkit could be more effective. You can e-mail us
your thoughts to: [email protected]
∗ This toolkit is not mean to be a primer on Social Capital. For more information on what social is, see
http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/saguaro/primer.htm and for some general tools on community organizing see
the excellent Citizen's Handbook at [http://www.vcn.bc.ca/citizens-handbook/] or HUD’s document on
becoming a community organizer (HUD – becoming a community organizer at
http://www.hud.gov/community/comorg1.cfm or). For general community skills see the Community Tool
Box (http://ctb.ku.edu/). For a statement about the importance of social capital building see “The
Importance of Social Infrastructure” by Cornelia Flora
(http://www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/june97/build-soc-capital.html). Xav Briggs of MIT has
some excellent tools on the community problem-solving at: http://web.mit.edu/cpsproject/home.html.
+ Kathleen Lowney co-authored this document up to version 1.0 but bears no responsibility for changes
thereafter.
Social Capital Building Toolkit Version 1.2 (Thomas Sander/Kathleen Lowney) Page 2
Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Social Capital Building Toolkit
(Version 1.2)
October, 2006
Introduction
For the past decade, social capital has resonated strongly with communities across
America attempting to improve residents’ quality of life and overall well-being. Social
capital, defined as “ the social networks and the norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity
that arise from them,” is a powerful predictor of many social goods, including people’s
health and happiness, levels of economic development, well-working schools, safe
neighborhoods, and responsive government.1
Although the Social Capital Community Benchmark Study2 has enabled us to better
quantify and measure social capital, we are still exploring the most effective ways,
settings and activities to build social capital and increase civic engage ...
Difference between community and society AliSuleman18
The difference between community and society is a thought-provoking topic that delves into the dynamics and structures of human groups. This discussion explores the contrasting aspects of community, which emphasizes shared values, close relationships, and common interests, and society, which encompasses a larger, more diverse population governed by formal institutions and social norms. By understanding the nuances between community and society, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of human interaction and the varying scales of human organization. Join this exploration to broaden your understanding of these fundamental concepts and their impact on our lives
2Defining the Community and Power RelationshipsReview.docxtamicawaysmith
2
Defining the Community and Power Relationships
“Reviews of the effectiveness of collaborations for improving community health indicate that they can be effective but that there are many
potential obstacles to realizing the benefits of a participatory approach in both public health research and programs. In particular, the
lack of an accepted definition of community can result in different collaborators forming contradictory or incompatible assumptions about
community and can undermine our ability to evaluate the contribution of community collaborations to achievement of public health
objectives.”1
In this chapter we will explore some important questions:
• What is community?
• Who represents community?
• What is a community advisory board?
• Who are the right stakeholders?
• What are the existing power relationships between academics and community partners?
• What are the rules of CBPR partnerships?
• What are strategies for assessing community readiness for research?
WHAT IS COMMUNITY?
When embarking on a CBPR project, one of the first challenges is to define the community of interest. Who is the
population of interest? What are the boundaries of their “community”? Is this a community that is geographically
bounded (city, neighborhood, county) or one that is nongeographically defined by a common culture (Latinos, African
Americans) or condition (parents of children with special needs) or other shared concern? Are you planning to work
with those directly impacted by the issue or with the organizations that represent or serve them? The CBPR approach is
often used to examine issues for underserved populations, to give voice to their concerns and help identify their
perspective on the problem. However one chooses to define “community,” it remains the conceptual underpinning of
CBPR, influencing who collaborates and participates, how sampling is conducted, where dissemination takes place,
and, most importantly, how relevant the work is to the community of interest.
Example 1: Everett Immigrant Health
A community coalition in Everett was interested in engaging a researcher to learn more about the health implications
of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on immigrant health in their community. The coalition had a diverse
membership, including agency directors, school administrators, several teachers, and representatives from several
immigrant advocacy groups. Many were leaders in local Everett institutions (schools, community-based organizations).
They had come together previously around a multiplicity of health and social service issues and together had
successfully garnered resources for new programming. They shared common interests in wanting to make a difference
in their city. While they generally defined their “community” as geographic—that is, those who worked and lived in
Everett—they were particularly concerned with the most vulnerable populations (e.g., the poor, recent immigrants, and
youth). Thus, f ...
Espousal of social capital in Oral Health CareRuby Med Plus
Oral health is projected to be affected by the environment; to provide an understanding to this, the concept of social capital can be used. Social networking appears to be the rational in social capital in which there is ‘connections’ among individuals, a social network guided by a set of values and norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity among peoples’, groups, communities etc of the network. Putnam (1995) defines social capital as “coordination and co- operation for mutual benefit”. Hence it is not only a way of describing social relationships within a group or society, but also adds a social dimension to traditional structural explanations of disease by viewing communities not just as contextual environments, but also as connected groups of individuals.
The theory of social capital emphasizes multiple dimensions inside the concept. For example, social capital can be divided into a behavioral/activity component (for example, participation) and a cognitive/perceptual component (for example, trust). These are respectively being referred to as structural and cognitive social capital. . Structural and cognitive social capital can therefore refer to linkages and perceptions in relation to people who are akin to each other; such as people in one’s own community or people of alike socioeconomic status (referred to as bonding social capital), or to people who are poles apart; such as people outside one’s community or with a different social identity (known as bridging social capital). Social capital relations can also occur in ceremonial institutions such as between community and local government structures (termed linking social capital) .
Social capital is not a magic pill for improving society’s oral health but, it is a useful concept which focuses our attention on an important set of resources, inhering in relationships, networks and associations, which have previously been given insufficient attention in the social sciences and Dental literature. This is probably partly because they are not easy to categories, study and measure their effects quickly. The social capital perspective therefore broadcast us that if we normatively approve of the goal of enhancing population oral health, we cannot achieve this through material inputs alone, or simply through “technological fixes”, whether “forced” or magnanimously “approved” by those with superior resources. Social capital can contribute towards health promotion, in the extent to which it can be used for its strategic value; the concept can be carefully employed within wider health promotion practices which explicitly draw upon social justice, equity and empowerment principles . Social capital draws on solidarity within groups, communities, societies as well.
Approaches to Community Organizing and Their Relationship to Consens.docxalfredai53p
Approaches to Community Organizing and Their Relationship to Consensus Organizing
Purpose:
This chapter defines community, civic engagement, and social capital, and their relationship to community organizing. Various approaches to community organizing, including consensus organizing, are discussed and compared.
Learning Objectives:
To define and discuss community, civic engagement and social capital and their relationship to community organizing.
To define and analyze traditional and current approaches to community organizing.
traditional and current approaches.
To analyze and compare various approaches to community organizing by applying them to specific circumstances and issues.
Keywords:
community, civic engagement, social capital, community organizing, power-based organizing, community building, locality development/civic organizing, social planning, women-centered/feminist organizing, consensus organizing
Community, Civic Engagement, and Social Capital
The word “community” can mean different things to different people. Community can be used to refer to communities of association (e.g., religious communities), gender, race, or geography. Cohen (
1985
) defines community as a system of norms, values, and moral codes that provide a sense of identity for members. Fellin (
2001
) describes a community as a group of people who form a social unit based on common location (e.g., city or neighborhood), interest and identification (e.g., ethnicity, culture, social class, occupation, or age) or some combination of these characteristics. In many community organizing approaches, geography is the determining factor for community, including “... people who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live” (
Mattessich, Monsey, & Roy, 1997
, p. 6). This workbook uses a definition of community that emphasizes geography, including neighborhoods, and relationships, including social and psychological connections and networks.
Scholars as far back as Alexis de Tocqueville (
Stone & Mennell, 1980
) have emphasized the engagement of the community as a focal point of a healthy democracy. More recently, scholars and researchers have argued that civic engagement and participation are decreasing, jeopardizing our democratic system. Etzioni (
1993
) warned that declining civic engagement and responsibility were eroding the fabric of American society. Putnam’s (
2000
)
Bowling Alone
provided statistical evidence of the decline in citizen participation over the past 50 years and its negative implications for democratic life. However, Smock (
2004
) argues that a “significant portion of our nation’s population has always been excluded from meaningful participation in the democratic arena” (p. 5). Furthermore, genuine political equality must be built on equal access to voting, as well as direct participation in public decision making.
Putnam’s (
2000
) solution to the erosion of .
Reference:
Book of Ava Ann P. Semorlan, PhD & Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed.D. entitled Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship for Senior High School
Difference between community and society AliSuleman18
The difference between community and society is a thought-provoking topic that delves into the dynamics and structures of human groups. This discussion explores the contrasting aspects of community, which emphasizes shared values, close relationships, and common interests, and society, which encompasses a larger, more diverse population governed by formal institutions and social norms. By understanding the nuances between community and society, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of human interaction and the varying scales of human organization. Join this exploration to broaden your understanding of these fundamental concepts and their impact on our lives
2Defining the Community and Power RelationshipsReview.docxtamicawaysmith
2
Defining the Community and Power Relationships
“Reviews of the effectiveness of collaborations for improving community health indicate that they can be effective but that there are many
potential obstacles to realizing the benefits of a participatory approach in both public health research and programs. In particular, the
lack of an accepted definition of community can result in different collaborators forming contradictory or incompatible assumptions about
community and can undermine our ability to evaluate the contribution of community collaborations to achievement of public health
objectives.”1
In this chapter we will explore some important questions:
• What is community?
• Who represents community?
• What is a community advisory board?
• Who are the right stakeholders?
• What are the existing power relationships between academics and community partners?
• What are the rules of CBPR partnerships?
• What are strategies for assessing community readiness for research?
WHAT IS COMMUNITY?
When embarking on a CBPR project, one of the first challenges is to define the community of interest. Who is the
population of interest? What are the boundaries of their “community”? Is this a community that is geographically
bounded (city, neighborhood, county) or one that is nongeographically defined by a common culture (Latinos, African
Americans) or condition (parents of children with special needs) or other shared concern? Are you planning to work
with those directly impacted by the issue or with the organizations that represent or serve them? The CBPR approach is
often used to examine issues for underserved populations, to give voice to their concerns and help identify their
perspective on the problem. However one chooses to define “community,” it remains the conceptual underpinning of
CBPR, influencing who collaborates and participates, how sampling is conducted, where dissemination takes place,
and, most importantly, how relevant the work is to the community of interest.
Example 1: Everett Immigrant Health
A community coalition in Everett was interested in engaging a researcher to learn more about the health implications
of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) on immigrant health in their community. The coalition had a diverse
membership, including agency directors, school administrators, several teachers, and representatives from several
immigrant advocacy groups. Many were leaders in local Everett institutions (schools, community-based organizations).
They had come together previously around a multiplicity of health and social service issues and together had
successfully garnered resources for new programming. They shared common interests in wanting to make a difference
in their city. While they generally defined their “community” as geographic—that is, those who worked and lived in
Everett—they were particularly concerned with the most vulnerable populations (e.g., the poor, recent immigrants, and
youth). Thus, f ...
Espousal of social capital in Oral Health CareRuby Med Plus
Oral health is projected to be affected by the environment; to provide an understanding to this, the concept of social capital can be used. Social networking appears to be the rational in social capital in which there is ‘connections’ among individuals, a social network guided by a set of values and norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity among peoples’, groups, communities etc of the network. Putnam (1995) defines social capital as “coordination and co- operation for mutual benefit”. Hence it is not only a way of describing social relationships within a group or society, but also adds a social dimension to traditional structural explanations of disease by viewing communities not just as contextual environments, but also as connected groups of individuals.
The theory of social capital emphasizes multiple dimensions inside the concept. For example, social capital can be divided into a behavioral/activity component (for example, participation) and a cognitive/perceptual component (for example, trust). These are respectively being referred to as structural and cognitive social capital. . Structural and cognitive social capital can therefore refer to linkages and perceptions in relation to people who are akin to each other; such as people in one’s own community or people of alike socioeconomic status (referred to as bonding social capital), or to people who are poles apart; such as people outside one’s community or with a different social identity (known as bridging social capital). Social capital relations can also occur in ceremonial institutions such as between community and local government structures (termed linking social capital) .
Social capital is not a magic pill for improving society’s oral health but, it is a useful concept which focuses our attention on an important set of resources, inhering in relationships, networks and associations, which have previously been given insufficient attention in the social sciences and Dental literature. This is probably partly because they are not easy to categories, study and measure their effects quickly. The social capital perspective therefore broadcast us that if we normatively approve of the goal of enhancing population oral health, we cannot achieve this through material inputs alone, or simply through “technological fixes”, whether “forced” or magnanimously “approved” by those with superior resources. Social capital can contribute towards health promotion, in the extent to which it can be used for its strategic value; the concept can be carefully employed within wider health promotion practices which explicitly draw upon social justice, equity and empowerment principles . Social capital draws on solidarity within groups, communities, societies as well.
Approaches to Community Organizing and Their Relationship to Consens.docxalfredai53p
Approaches to Community Organizing and Their Relationship to Consensus Organizing
Purpose:
This chapter defines community, civic engagement, and social capital, and their relationship to community organizing. Various approaches to community organizing, including consensus organizing, are discussed and compared.
Learning Objectives:
To define and discuss community, civic engagement and social capital and their relationship to community organizing.
To define and analyze traditional and current approaches to community organizing.
traditional and current approaches.
To analyze and compare various approaches to community organizing by applying them to specific circumstances and issues.
Keywords:
community, civic engagement, social capital, community organizing, power-based organizing, community building, locality development/civic organizing, social planning, women-centered/feminist organizing, consensus organizing
Community, Civic Engagement, and Social Capital
The word “community” can mean different things to different people. Community can be used to refer to communities of association (e.g., religious communities), gender, race, or geography. Cohen (
1985
) defines community as a system of norms, values, and moral codes that provide a sense of identity for members. Fellin (
2001
) describes a community as a group of people who form a social unit based on common location (e.g., city or neighborhood), interest and identification (e.g., ethnicity, culture, social class, occupation, or age) or some combination of these characteristics. In many community organizing approaches, geography is the determining factor for community, including “... people who live within a geographically defined area and who have social and psychological ties with each other and with the place where they live” (
Mattessich, Monsey, & Roy, 1997
, p. 6). This workbook uses a definition of community that emphasizes geography, including neighborhoods, and relationships, including social and psychological connections and networks.
Scholars as far back as Alexis de Tocqueville (
Stone & Mennell, 1980
) have emphasized the engagement of the community as a focal point of a healthy democracy. More recently, scholars and researchers have argued that civic engagement and participation are decreasing, jeopardizing our democratic system. Etzioni (
1993
) warned that declining civic engagement and responsibility were eroding the fabric of American society. Putnam’s (
2000
)
Bowling Alone
provided statistical evidence of the decline in citizen participation over the past 50 years and its negative implications for democratic life. However, Smock (
2004
) argues that a “significant portion of our nation’s population has always been excluded from meaningful participation in the democratic arena” (p. 5). Furthermore, genuine political equality must be built on equal access to voting, as well as direct participation in public decision making.
Putnam’s (
2000
) solution to the erosion of .
Reference:
Book of Ava Ann P. Semorlan, PhD & Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed.D. entitled Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship for Senior High School
HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN UGANDA PRESENTATIONThomas Owondo
Traditional cultural practices: They reflect values & beliefs held by members of a community for periods often spanning generations. Some are beneficial, some have neither benefits nor harms, and some are harmful to a specific group e.g. Female Genital Mutilation & child marriage.
Female genital mutilation (FGM): Any procedure that involves the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
Child marriage: Formal marriage or informal union before the age of 18 years.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents are an important problem:
Over 200 million girls & women are estimated to be living with the effects of FGM which is predominantly performed on girls under the age of 18 years.
Every year, about 12 million girls are married before the age of 18.
Harmful traditional practices among adolescents can have serious health & social consequences:
FGM has no known health benefits,. It can cause immediate health consequences - hemorrhage, shock, infections & death & can cause long-term health & social consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder & menstrual health problems. Women with type III FGM have an increased likelihood of experiencing problems during child birth. Babies born to children with FGM are at increased risk of neonatal complications.
Child marriage often leads to early childbearing in young girls which is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-related mortality & morbidity and of increased risk of mortality and morbidity in babies born to a adolescent mothers. Child marriage is also associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence. Finally, it has a negative effect on educational attainment.
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY PRESENTATION BY ME.pptxThomas Owondo
It is understood now that life style has a great impact on health and overall wellbeing of a person. Many of the health problems related to some serious illnesses such as cancer, heart disease etc are due to unhealthy behavior or lifestyle choices an individual makes (e.g smoking or overeating).
The perception of Health also has become changed as health is not just being away from diseases but it is overall positive well being. (Brannon & Feist, 2010).
These concepts led researchers to further focus on healthy behaviors and lifestyle of people, generally. Psychology as a science of behavior has much to contribute to the field of health psychology. It has become a fast growing area within clinical psychology.
Health Sector Strategic Plan Assignment.pptxThomas Owondo
A Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP) is a comprehensive roadmap developed by specific stakeholders to guide the direction, priorities, and strategies for improving the health system. It analyses and outlines goals and actions for a healthcare organization over a specific period.
It involves assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to formulate strategies that enhance healthcare delivery. These plans often prioritize community involvement and individual responsibility for health services.
Strategic planning in health care, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), refers to the process of defining an organization’s direction and making decisions that align with its long-term goals.
Approaches to understanding community needs, the importance of involving comm...Thomas Owondo
Community involvement in health: “ is a process whereby people, both individually and in groups, exercise their right to play an active and direct role in the development of appropriate health services, in ensuring the conditions for sustained better health and in supporting the empowerment of the community to help development
The five main pillars of maternal, newborn, and child health
Strengthening the health system
Improving the quality of services
Increasing access to services
Improving Healthy Practices with social and behavioral change
Combining global best practices with locally-led solutions.
The capacity-strengthening capabilities demonstrate improving equity and outcomes by directly improving the capacity of local organizations and institutions to deliver health services
Approaches include;
Community Mobilization, Social & Behavior Change
Human-centered design principles to mobilize communities and families for healthier behaviors and care-seeking practices. Central to our behavior change approach, men engaged as clients, partners, and fathers in child health and development.
Engagement of community leaders: through training and capacity-building for community leaders, the development of Community Action Plans (CAP) that identify and address barriers in the community, in order to increase demand for MNCH services
Community Days: semi-annual Community Days that bring different communities together for a day of communication, information, and activities to improve awareness among key target populations of important MNCH services.
LANDSCAPE OF MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH IN UGANDA.pptxThomas Owondo
Uganda’s population was estimated at 42 million in 2020 and is expected to increase by 5.5 million to reach 48 million by 2025 due to annual population growth rate of 3.4%, among the highest in the world.
Twenty percent of the population live in poverty, and the absolute number remains high at 8.3 million. One in five persons living in poverty (<USD$1/day). Overall, the incidence of rural poverty is more than double that of urban poverty.
The average household size in Uganda is estimated at five persons, and three in every 10 households (31%) are headed by females. Of the 8.3 million households in the country, 72% are in rural areas.
Almost half (49%) of the population is under age 15, and 70% are less than 25. This predominantly young population and rising life expectancy (male: 62.8 years, female 64.5 years) creates an increasing cohort of mothers, newborns, adolescents, adults, and older people needing more Reproductive maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCAH) services.
HEALTH COMMUNICATION CME PRESENTATION BY OWONDO THOMAS.pptxThomas Owondo
Health communication is the art and technique of informing, influencing and motivating individuals or larger audiences about important health issues based on scientific and ethical considerations.
It includes the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.
Health communication is recognised as a necessary part of efforts to improve personal and public health. In other words, health communication encompasses the study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) with regard to health and healthcare.
Health communication can contribute to all aspects of disease prevention and health promotion.
Overview of the general anatomy & physiology
( Skeletal, Muscular, Endocrine, GIT, Urinary, CVS, & Reproductive Systems, Special senses, Physiology of the immune system)
2. Neuro anatomy (structure of the CNS, Brain, Spinal Cord, Application of Neuro anatomy)
3. Structure of the ANS, Parasympathetic & Sympathetic NS
4. Neurophysiology-Endocrine system, CNS, ANS, RAS, Limbic system, application of Neurophysiology
Harmful substances (alcohol and other drugs) hinder development as they adversely affect individuals, families,
communities and societies’ wellbeing.
Uganda is ranked among the highest alcohol consuming countries in Africa and facing worst alcohol related
consequences (such as diseases, poverty, domestic violence, accidents among others), globally and the major
cause and effect of addiction is mental illness.
Jinja Recovery Center (JRC)
was established in 2022 with the major program of treatment and
rehabilitation for people with substance use disorder but this is hampered by lack of resources.
Most commonly (ab)used drugs and
respective street names
Marijuana
Mugo (stick), Weed, ssada
Khart
Kakoola (leaf), Side
Mira
Tama (
Heroin
Nchwiri Kachwiri , Mayoyo
There Increasing reports of ‘Newer’ and ‘harder’
drugs on the streets e.g. Cocaine, etc
Also of concern are the new concoctions whose
effects are yet to be studied e.g. Kabanga ( Mixture of
tobacco and Marijuana) and Kagoro (gin derived from
sugar molases )
Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two persons, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.
It is a collaborative process that involves both the therapist and the client in co-constructing solutions to concerns
(theory and practice of counselling and psychotherapy- Gerald Corey)
As a counsellor, you need to remain open to your growth and to address your personal problems if your clients are to believe in you and the therapeutic process .
Your personal characteristics are of primary importance in becoming a counselor, but it is not sufficient to be merely a good person with good intentions. To be effective you must have supervised experience in counseling and sound knowledge of counseling theory and techniques
Culture is the lifeblood of a vibrant society, expressed in the many ways we tell our stories, celebrate, remember the past, entertain ourselves, and imagine the future. Our creative expression helps define who we are, and helps us see the world through the eyes of others.
culture provides important social and economic benefits. With improved learning and health, increased tolerance, and opportunities to come together with others, culture enhances our quality of life and increases overall well-being for both individuals and communities.
Participating in culture can benefit individuals in many different ways, some of which are deeply personal. They are a source of delight and wonder, and can provide emotionally and intellectually moving experiences, whether pleasurable or unsettling, that encourage celebration or contemplation. Culture is also a means of expressing creativity, forging an individual identity, and enhancing or preserving a community’s sense of place.
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine (style of cooking), social habits, music and arts.
Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things.
Stress isn’t always bad.
In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.
If you frequently find yourself feeling frazzled and overwhelmed, it’s time to take action to bring your nervous system back into balance.
You can protect yourself and improve how you think and feel by learning how to recognize the signs and symptoms of chronic stress and taking steps to reduce its harmful effects.
Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat.
Eustress – Kind of stress that results from something good and we react positive.
Distress – Kind of stress that results from something bad and we react negative.
Stressors are things that cause stress. Almost everything is a stressor depending on the individual.
Have you ever wondered why individuals and societies are so varied?
Do you ask what social forces have shaped different existences?
The quest to understand society is urgent and important, for if we cannot understand the social world, we are more likely to be overwhelmed by it. We also need to understand social processes if we want to influence them.
Sociology can help us to understand ourselves better, since it examines how the social world influences the way we think, feel, and act.
It can also help with decision-making, both our own and that of larger organizations.
Sociologists can gather systematic information from which to make a decision, provide insights into what is going on in a situation, and present alternatives.
The family acts as a primary socialization of children whereby the child first learns the basic values and norms of the culture they will grow up in.
A child needs to be carefully nurtured, cherished and molded into responsible individuals with good values and strong ethics. Therefore, it is important to provide them the best childcare so that they grow up to be physically, mentally and emotionally strong individuals.
Family is a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood or adoption; constituting a single household, interacting and inter-communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband and wife, mother and father, son and daughter, brother and sister creating a common culture.
Family is an intimate domestic group made up of people related to one another by bonds of blood, sexual mating, or legal ties.
A group of people related by either blood, marriage, or adoption.
People with or without legal or blood ties who feel they belong together.
What's your opinion on the school not providing good internet service?
Which political party does a better job of running the country?
Should morning prayers be compulsory at school?
Chances are that you probably have fairly strong opinions on these and similar questions. You've developed attitudes about such issues, and these attitudes influence your beliefs as well as your behavior.
In psychology, an attitude refers to a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event.
Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way. This can include evaluations of people, issues, objects, or events.
Such evaluations are often positive or negative, but they can also be uncertain at times. For example, you might have mixed feelings about a particular person or issue.
When we are feeling something, we don't really stop to define that emotion or think about the exact emotion that we are experiencing.
We just feel and go through it; may it be sadness, anger or happiness.
As human beings, we experience a plethora of feelings and emotions in our lifetime that range over several forms and types.
The word 'emotion' encompasses a broad range of feelings, behavior and changes in the body and mind.
In psychology, emotion is often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior.
Emotionality is associated with a range of psychological phenomena, including temperament, personality, mood, and motivation.
Counseling is a chance to talk over what is on your mind with an objective person. S/he can help you learn new skills and ways of looking at situations so that you will be more capable of solving problems on your own.
Counseling is the means by which one person helps another through a purposeful conversation.
It is also a method of identifying a practical solution to an identified problem
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter-16_Digestive-System.pptx
THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL.pptx
1. THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL
CAPITALAND ITS
IMPLICATIONS
Owondo Thomas
2. INTRODUCTION
Humans are a social organism, we have evolved to be social.
Working together for a collective action is hardwired into us. We
want to help, share, and give to each other and receive in kind.
Many things that we want , and need, cannot be created simply by
our own efforts, so require some form of collaboration or
reciprocity. The benefits we derive from that sociability we could call
social capital. Social capital arises from the human capacity to
consider others to think and act generously and cooperatively.
The concept of social capital relates to important questions of
human behaviour and motivation such as why people give or help
others even when there is no foreseeable benefit for themselves.
The central preposition of social capital is that relationships matter
and that social networks are a valuable asset.
3. INTRODUCTION
Social capital is "the networks of relationships among people who live and
work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively".
It involves the effective functioning of social groups through
interpersonal relationships,
a shared sense of identity,
a shared understanding,
shared norms and values
trust, cooperation, and reciprocity
4. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
The concept of social capital became prominent through the work
of Putnam and colleagues.
It was initially applied to political science pertaining to shared
values and local networks. Bourdieu in 1986 addressed social capital
on the level of individuals.
Today, there are various definitions of social capital:
“The capital of social connection, mutual acquittance and social
recognition”. (Bourdieu 1986)
“All those features of the social structure that might facilitate
actions of individuals within the social structure itself”. (Coleman
1988)
“Features of social organization, such as trust, norms, and networks
that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated
actions” (Putnam and colleagues)
5. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Social capital is a measure of the value of resources;
tangible (e.g., public spaces, private property)
intangible (e.g., actors, human capital, people),
the impact that these relationships have on the resources involved
in each relationship, and on larger groups.
The most fundamental stance about the concept of social capital is
to view it as social resource ; it implies the links and support that
individuals can access at a particular time.
It is generally seen as a form of capital that produces public goods
for a common purpose.
6. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
In simplifying the concept of social capital, four main theoretical ingredients can
be identified:
social trust/reciprocity,
collective efficacy,
voluntary social participation and
social cohesion (or sense of belonging)
7. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Groups and Networks (voluntary social participation )
Organizational support and network activities are crucial for bridging and linking
social capital. Engagements of people to organize themselves and mobilize resources
to solve problems of common interest. The effectiveness of groups and networks and
the extent to which they can help disseminate information, reduce opportunistic
behavior and facilitate collective decision-making depends upon many aspects of
these groups, reflecting their structure, their membership and the way they function.
Trust and Solidarity (social trust/reciprocity)
These informal and subjective elements of interpersonal behavior shape people’s
thoughts and attitudes about interacting with others. When individuals in
communities trust each other and the institutions that operate among them, they can
easily reach agreements and conduct transactions.
8. CONCEPT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Collective Action and Cooperation (collective efficacy)
The provision of many services requires collective action by a group of
individuals. The purposes of collective action may differ widely across
communities. In some places, collective action consists primarily of community-
organized activities for building and maintaining infrastructure and for providing
related public services.
Social Cohesion and Inclusion (sense of belonging)
Social cohesion manifests in individuals who are willing and able to work
together to address common needs, overcome constraints, and consider diverse
interests. They are able to resolve differences in a civil, non-confrontational way.
10. TYPES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Bonding Capital - Refers to resources that are accessed from ones closest most
homogeneous relationship. Its often associated with trust, shared norms being part of a
dense network of connections.
It is used among family and close friends to reinforce existing, close relationships. People
with these relationships respect a common hierarchy, contact each other frequently, and
share common values.
Bridging Capital - Includes resources mostly coming from weaker ties. Weak ties comes
from participation in diverse loosely connected networks.
Bridging SC is tended to relate to activities like volunteering and civic engagement. It is
used among acquaintances to become closer to people. Eg. Facebook leverages bridging
capital.
When new acquaintances meet, they connect and they seek to increase the frequency of
their interactions primarily through the news feed to build more mutual bridging capital
and ultimately a friendship. Bridging capital knows no notion of hierarchy within a group.
All friends are equal in standing. Instead it relies on homogeneity of the people interacting
and increasing frequency of contact.
11. TYPES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Linking Capital - It can be forward (coordination with high level people) or
backward (coordination with lower level of people). It is used among members
of voluntary organizations including employees of the same company. The
hierarchy underpinning the relationships in linking capital is critical to manage,
because it can alter the social dynamics quite a bit.
12. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH
Social capital has been described as a major determinant of health. While many
studies have shown the positive effects of social capital on health in both
developed and developing worlds.
Generally, group solidarity and memberships often provide some support,
which will invariably facilitate access to valued resources.
Informal health care and support can be provided in case of illness. Reciprocal
support and assistance are part of the bedrock of extended family and
communal relationships in African societies.
Social capital in most health studies is often operationalised in terms of civic
engagement or grassroots participation, neighbourliness, social networks,
social support, informal social control and perception of the local area.
13. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HEALTH
It is practically beneficial for individuals to feel some level of social connection with
others. Such sense of belonging is crucial in mediating state of physical and mental
health.
Pearce and Smith (2003) observed that indicators of social capital, such as trust and
sense of belonging are strongly related to mortality rates.
Social capital is not a homogenous resource equally available to all members of a
geographical community, but is shaped and constrained by factors such as gender,
ethnicity and social class.
Social capital also involves social leverage, which means the use network ties
(especially social influence) for social gains including access to information and social
mobility.
Informal social control is the ability of individuals or groups (with some form of social
links) to ensure conformity to the norms and values of the society—this implies
informal measures of behavior control.
15. IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
1. Improved access to relevant health information.
The more extensive an individual’s social interaction (for example,
via frequent contact with friends and relatives, participation in social
events and meetings, and membership in formal and informal
organizations) and the more involved someone is in continuous
social interaction, the more likely and less costly he/she can access
information on:
how to cure or prevent diseases,
what the best remedies are, and
where the best hospital or the most qualified physician is.
16. IMPLICATIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
2. Informal health care and support can be provided in case of illness.
Even in developed countries, where formal health care is ubiquitous,
there still exists a substantial demand for informal care and assistance,
housing services and babysitting in case of temporary illness
This could take the form of reciprocal assistance between neighbors or
friends, acting as risk-sharing devices to supplement formal health
insurance.
In less developed countries, these agreements are even more
widespread, given that the formal care system is far less developed
than in rich countries.
17. IMPLICATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
3. In the political economy mechanism, well-organized, connected
groups are more effective in lobbying for potentially health promoting
public goods.
At a more aggregate level, social capital may also serve to
coordinate people’s efforts to lobby public authorities to obtain
potentially health promoting public goods, for example, health
infrastructure, traffic regulations, sport facilities and green space
areas.
The level of aggregation cannot be too high, as different
communities within a larger region can have opposite views on the
proper location for and cost of these facilities.
18. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF
IMPLICATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Social capital can lead to health disparities, as certain groups may have less access
to social networks, resources, and information that can promote health. This can
be seen in communities where there is a lack of social connections, which can lead
to lack of access to healthcare, healthy foods, and opportunities for physical
activity.
Social capital can also lead to the reinforcement of negative health behaviors, as
people tend to rely on their social networks for information and inspiration about
health behaviors. For example, if the majority of individuals in a social network
smoke, the members of that network are more likely to continue or start smoking
than those who have a social network where majority do not smoke.
19. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF
IMPLICATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Social capital can also lead to stigmatization of certain health conditions,
as people with certain health conditions may be excluded from social
networks or face discrimination because of their condition. For example,
individuals living with HIV/AIDS may face discrimination and exclusion
from certain social networks, which can lead to reduced access to
resources and support that can promote health.
Social capital can also lead to the spread of misinformation, as people
tend to rely on their social networks for information about health. If the
information within the network is inaccurate, it can lead to individuals
making poor health decisions or delaying to seek medical attention.
20. CONCLUSION
There is considerable evidence of an association between social capital and
various indicators of health.
Irrespective of their social status, people with higher levels of social capital
especially in terms of social participation and networks – engage in
healthier behaviors and feel healthier both physically and psychologically.
Social capital exerts a contextual effect on individual health which include ;
diffusion of knowledge on health promotion,
maintenance of healthy behavioral norms through informal social control.
promotion of access to local services and amenities,
psychological processes that provide affective support and mutual respect
21. REFERENCES
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• Amzat, J., & Omololu, F. (2012). Basics of sociological paradigms. In I. S. Ogundiya
& J. Amzat(Eds.), Basics of the social sciences (pp. 115–134). Lagos: Malthouse.
• Baller, R. D., Levchak, P., & Schultz, M. (2010). The great transformation and
suicide: Local and long-lasting effects of 1930 bank suspensions. Suicide and Life-
Threatening Behavior, 40(6), 574–586.
• Bilton, T., Bommett, K., Jones, P., Lawson, T., Skinner, D., Stanworth, M.,
&Webster, A. (2004). Introductory sociology (4th Ed.). London: Palgrave
Macmillan.