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The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s effectively changed the United States by granting equality and rights to minority groups and moving the country toward greater diversity. The Civil Rights Acts banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. While the tactics of the 1960s such as protests and marches may not directly apply to today's issues, the ideals of equality, justice, and inclusion still resonate. The Civil Rights Movement had a lasting impact on promoting diversity in America by establishing laws that protect minority groups from discrimination.
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Running head MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT .docx
Running head: MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT 1
MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT 2
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality
Mackenzie Flaws
Chamberlain College of Nursing
HIST 410N: Contemporary History
Spring Session A, 2020
Donald Burnette
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality
Title Slide
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality by Mackenzie Flaws. Martin Luther King Jr. played an important role in the civil rights movement during the 1950’s and 1960’s. This presentation will discuss King’s ideas and the impacts he made on social change within America.
The Beginning: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
MLK was a minister at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat on a segregated bus to a white man. He was nominated by members of the church to lead the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) and ended up becoming the chair of MIA (Wilson, 2005). King helped develop the local boycott into a social justice movement that reached international significance while also developing his main idea of nonviolent social change (Carson, 2005).
Civil Rights Movement: A Leader for Nonviolence
The violent tactics of the white supremacists is what caused King to develop nonviolence resistance as a practical strategy. There are more than a thousand documented violent incidences committed by the white supremacists aimed towards stopping integration from 1956-1966 including burning, bombing, abduction, castration, and murder (Bermanzohn, 2000). King believed that using a nonviolence strategy would force the state to recognize and combat the racist violence that was being enacted upon the African American race (Bermanzohn, 2000).
Civil Rights Movement: The Power of Words
King is most widely known for his powerful speeches that resonated with everyone who heard him. He would use his speeches to reinforce his ideas for nonviolent social change and quest for equality among all races. I Have a Dream is one of his most famous speeches that was presented at a gathering of 250,000 people at the Washington Monument before the March on Washington. He had a singular goal of expressing the dire need to secure basic civil rights for African Americans. King was the only speaker that ultimately captured the collective conscience of the American people and his words transformed the March on Washington into an unforgettable historic event (Vail, 2000).
Birmingham Campaign: The Turning Point
“Don’t worry about your children, they’re going to be alright. Don’t hold them back if they want to go to jail. For they are doing a job for not only themselves, but for all of America and for all mankind” (King, 1963, as cited in The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, 2020). The Birmingham Campaign was a ...
Discussion Prompts (choose one of the following)Equal righ
Discussion Prompts (choose one of the following)
Equal rights and opportunities for African Americans to vote were vitally important to Civil Rights activists during the 1960s. What sort of restrictions that prevented African Americans from voting were these activists trying to eliminate or fix? What methods did they use for pursuing these goals and enacting change? Be sure to consider the arguments made by opponents as well as advocates for voting rights. Do you similarities with historical attempts at voter suppression and our current moment? I recommend a close reading of Documents 10-16 in Chapter 13 of
Constructing the American Past
to help you evaluate this moment in U.S. History.
What was nonviolent direct action? Do you think it was effective in advancing civil rights? Was civil disobedience and nonviolent direct action necessary, in your view, to achieve progress in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s? What other techniques might have worked to create change? Given the focus on voting rights, what do you think it is more important than grassroots activism (i.e. organizations like SNCC and events like the Freedom Summer and other marches) in creating social change? In your post be sure to weigh the perspectives of activist as well as the views of politicians. Consider how or why they opposed certain civil rights law or policies, and what motivated other to support the freedom struggle. Be sure to include specific examples from the documents as evidence to support your views.
Jackie Robinson is featured in several chapters of
Constructing the American Past
(Chapter 11, Document 5; Chapter 13, Documents 1, 2, and 3; and Chapter 14, Document 2). Among these documents are letters that he wrote to Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson. How do these primary sources change your understanding of Robinson? Based on these texts, what do you make of his activism? How would you characterize his politics and goals? Be sure to include specific examples from the documents as evidence to support your views.
...
COMPLETE GUIDE ON WRITING AN EXPLORATORY ESSAY ON GLOBALIZATION AND MINORITY ...
Follow the rules and suggestions in this full guide in writing an exploratory essay on globalization and minority American communities.
Required Reading American YAWP Chapter 27Primary Sources.docx
Required Reading
: American YAWP Chapter 27
Primary Sources:
Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965)
National Organization for Women, “Statement of Purpose” (1966)
George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (2012/1969)
The Port Huron Statement (1962)
The 1960s was a pivotal decade in American history. The legacy of the 1960s, for example, the Vietnam War, Civil Rights, and feminism, still resonates in America today. When John Kennedy assumed the presidency in 1961, he inspired a generation of young people to serve their country in organizations like the Peace Corps. Millions of Baby Boomers, born after World War II, went to colleges and universities in the 1960s. Many young people in the 1960s felt they could change the nation for the better. Early in the decade, many young Americans fought for civil rights and the end to racial discrimination in public places and in voting. The Civil Rights movement had major successes in the 1960s with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
By 1964-65, the growing anti-war movement grew on college campuses across the country as the United States increased its military involvement in South Vietnam. Vietnam had been divided in 1954 between a communist North Vietnam and a democratic South Vietnam. The United States supported South Vietnam with economic and military assistance because we did not want South Vietnam to fall to communism. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson began to dramatically increase US military involvement in South Vietnam as hundreds of thousands of American troops were sent to fight the war. The war became deeply unpopular in the United States among young people, and by the late 1960s, other Americans as well who became disillusioned by the lack of progress in the war.
The 1960s saw the rise of many movements to address sexism, homophobia, and the environmental crisis in America. The Second Wave feminist movement challenged the gender norms of the 1950s that women belonged in the home. The modern gay rights movement started during the Stonewall Riots in 1969 against police brutality and discrimination of gay and lesbian people. Finally, we also saw the environmental movement gain national attention as it focused on clean air and water.
QUIZ 10 (Short Essay format- Please use direct quotes/proper citations only from the primary sources listed above).
Describe some of the ways the Civil Rights movement worked to end Jim Crows laws in the 1960s? How did Lyndon Johnson help the cause of Civil Rights? What did he say to students at Howard University in 1965? What was the Great Society? How did the young people who wrote the Port Huron statement in 1962 see the United States? What issues did they care about? How did the United States get involved in Vietnam? What event in 196.
1.Martin Luther King, Jr. was an angry young man who hated the s.docx
1.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an angry young man who hated the segregated world of the American South and the injustices he saw inflicted on African Americans all over the nation. In adulthood he came to feel that anger offered no solution to the problems that he and other African Americans faced. What made him changed his mind? What were the roots of the philosophy that he adopted and used to land the civil rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s? How did King give Americans a sense of self-worth and the tools to achieve their aims?
2.
What were SNCC and SCLC? How did these organizations differ from each other? In what ways were they alike? What changes took place in SNCC after the mid 1960’s? How did Black Power differ from civil right movement under King?
3.
What were the two accomplishments of civil right of the mid-1960’s?
What specific action did King and his followers undertake to influence public opinion and effect legislative changes and at what cost?
4.
Describe the internal and external difficulties that beser King and the civil right movement in the late 1960’s. How did King defuse charges that he was a Communist? How did he react to the FBI crusade against him? To white and black backlashes? To the attacks on his policies that seemed to come from all sides? What did his support of the anti-Vietnam war movement cost him?
5.
Why do you think Americans were receptive to King’s pacific message and nonviolent approach in the 1960’s? Do you think similar tactics would be effective against oppression in a country such as the People’s Republic of China?
1. What do you think of Erik Erikson’s psychological model and Lawrence Goodheart use of it in this selection? Explain your reason.
2.
Discuss Malcolm X’s evolving racial feeling about himself in particular about whites and African Americans in general.
How were they influenced by his childhood experiences, his life in the ghetto, and his experiences with the Islamic movement? What effect did education have on his views?
3. According to Goodheart
“the shaping of Malcolm’s sense of self as a counterpart to the historical oppression of African Americans constitutes a central theme in his life”. In what way do you think his personal feelings reflected those in a large community? Compare his appeal of that of Martin Luther King Jr., about whom you read in the last selection. Why do you think Malcolm X have a continued appeal? What does that say about racial relations in the Untied States since the death of Malcolm X?
4. What is Goodheart final analysis of Malcolm X and the success and failures of his career?
5. Compare Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., their personalities, their backgrounds and their personal reactions over time to racial discrimination. Compare the two approaches to dealing with racial injustice in America. Which was the most effective and why? Did they help or hurt each other?
.
Running head ARTIFACT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 1 1Artifact Analys.docx
Running head: ARTIFACT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 1
1
Artifact Analysis Worksheet 1
Name
Institute
Artifact Analysis
References
Nimkulrat, N. (2013). Situating creative artifacts in art and design research. FormAkademisk-Research Journal of Design and Design Education, 6(2).
© 2014 Laureate Education, Inc.
Page 3 of 3
The Trouble with Gay Rights: Race
and the Politics of Sexual Orientation
in Philadelphia, 1969-1982
Kevin J. Mumford
In 1985 the veteran civil rights activist Bayard Rustin joined a gay and lesbian coalition in New
York City that was about to make a final push for passage of an amendment to the city's
administrative code to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Rustin wrote
to the city council and to Mayor Edward I. Koch, vowed to lobby the four opposing African
American councilmen, and called for "the extension of freedom and justice for all Americans."'
Unusual for Rustin, in this instance his activism ceremoniously concluded rather than pio-
neered a social movement for change when the city council passed the bill the next year.
More than fifteen years before, the first gay liberationists had introduced such a bill
that was defeated by stiff opposition from conservative politicians and religious leaders.
That mobilization helped spark organizing and demonstrating for similar laws in cities
and towns during the 1970s and 1980s—a local political movement and discourse that
remains largely unexamined. In recent writing on sexual politics, however, Matthew D.
Lassiter, Robert O . Self, Whitney Strub, and others have analyzed controversies over
gay visibility in the media, conflicts over the regulation of urban vice, and the political
cooptation of pornography to understand shifts in American liberalism, and they suggest
that the rise of gay liberation served as a foil against which liberals reconfigured the
public/private divide and conservatives mobilized a rightward political turn. From
another perspective, despite the rise of the New Right, the cause of gays and lesbians did
advance during the 1970s, with the proliferation of community pride, new national organi-
zations, and the passage of protective ordinances. Utilizing a case study of Philadelphia, this
essay examines how the pursuit of equal protection led gays and lesbians to clash with reli-
gious and racial conservatives who challenged not only their rights but also their legitimacy
Kevin J. Mumford is a member of the Department of History at the University of Iowa
He wishes to thank the following for encouragement and advice: Clarissa Atkins, Nan Alamilla Boyd, Zoe Burk-
bolder, Christopher Capozzola, Matthew Countryman, Rachel Devlin, Steve Estes, Estelle Freedman, Thomas
Guglielmo, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Andrew Kahrl, Linda Kerber, Scott Kurashige, Kenneth Mack, Charles
Morris, David Roediger, Bob Skiba, Marc Stein, Shelton Stromquist. the audiences of the Charles Warren Center
for Studies in American History and the 2009 annual mee.
Recommended
Running head MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT .docx
Running head: MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT 1
MLK PRESCRIPTION SCRIPT 2
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality
Mackenzie Flaws
Chamberlain College of Nursing
HIST 410N: Contemporary History
Spring Session A, 2020
Donald Burnette
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality
Title Slide
Martin Luther King Jr.: A Quest for Peace and Equality by Mackenzie Flaws. Martin Luther King Jr. played an important role in the civil rights movement during the 1950’s and 1960’s. This presentation will discuss King’s ideas and the impacts he made on social change within America.
The Beginning: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
MLK was a minister at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat on a segregated bus to a white man. He was nominated by members of the church to lead the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) and ended up becoming the chair of MIA (Wilson, 2005). King helped develop the local boycott into a social justice movement that reached international significance while also developing his main idea of nonviolent social change (Carson, 2005).
Civil Rights Movement: A Leader for Nonviolence
The violent tactics of the white supremacists is what caused King to develop nonviolence resistance as a practical strategy. There are more than a thousand documented violent incidences committed by the white supremacists aimed towards stopping integration from 1956-1966 including burning, bombing, abduction, castration, and murder (Bermanzohn, 2000). King believed that using a nonviolence strategy would force the state to recognize and combat the racist violence that was being enacted upon the African American race (Bermanzohn, 2000).
Civil Rights Movement: The Power of Words
King is most widely known for his powerful speeches that resonated with everyone who heard him. He would use his speeches to reinforce his ideas for nonviolent social change and quest for equality among all races. I Have a Dream is one of his most famous speeches that was presented at a gathering of 250,000 people at the Washington Monument before the March on Washington. He had a singular goal of expressing the dire need to secure basic civil rights for African Americans. King was the only speaker that ultimately captured the collective conscience of the American people and his words transformed the March on Washington into an unforgettable historic event (Vail, 2000).
Birmingham Campaign: The Turning Point
“Don’t worry about your children, they’re going to be alright. Don’t hold them back if they want to go to jail. For they are doing a job for not only themselves, but for all of America and for all mankind” (King, 1963, as cited in The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute, 2020). The Birmingham Campaign was a ...
Discussion Prompts (choose one of the following)Equal righ
Discussion Prompts (choose one of the following)
Equal rights and opportunities for African Americans to vote were vitally important to Civil Rights activists during the 1960s. What sort of restrictions that prevented African Americans from voting were these activists trying to eliminate or fix? What methods did they use for pursuing these goals and enacting change? Be sure to consider the arguments made by opponents as well as advocates for voting rights. Do you similarities with historical attempts at voter suppression and our current moment? I recommend a close reading of Documents 10-16 in Chapter 13 of
Constructing the American Past
to help you evaluate this moment in U.S. History.
What was nonviolent direct action? Do you think it was effective in advancing civil rights? Was civil disobedience and nonviolent direct action necessary, in your view, to achieve progress in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s? What other techniques might have worked to create change? Given the focus on voting rights, what do you think it is more important than grassroots activism (i.e. organizations like SNCC and events like the Freedom Summer and other marches) in creating social change? In your post be sure to weigh the perspectives of activist as well as the views of politicians. Consider how or why they opposed certain civil rights law or policies, and what motivated other to support the freedom struggle. Be sure to include specific examples from the documents as evidence to support your views.
Jackie Robinson is featured in several chapters of
Constructing the American Past
(Chapter 11, Document 5; Chapter 13, Documents 1, 2, and 3; and Chapter 14, Document 2). Among these documents are letters that he wrote to Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson. How do these primary sources change your understanding of Robinson? Based on these texts, what do you make of his activism? How would you characterize his politics and goals? Be sure to include specific examples from the documents as evidence to support your views.
...
COMPLETE GUIDE ON WRITING AN EXPLORATORY ESSAY ON GLOBALIZATION AND MINORITY ...
Follow the rules and suggestions in this full guide in writing an exploratory essay on globalization and minority American communities.
Required Reading American YAWP Chapter 27Primary Sources.docx
Required Reading
: American YAWP Chapter 27
Primary Sources:
Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965)
National Organization for Women, “Statement of Purpose” (1966)
George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (2012/1969)
The Port Huron Statement (1962)
The 1960s was a pivotal decade in American history. The legacy of the 1960s, for example, the Vietnam War, Civil Rights, and feminism, still resonates in America today. When John Kennedy assumed the presidency in 1961, he inspired a generation of young people to serve their country in organizations like the Peace Corps. Millions of Baby Boomers, born after World War II, went to colleges and universities in the 1960s. Many young people in the 1960s felt they could change the nation for the better. Early in the decade, many young Americans fought for civil rights and the end to racial discrimination in public places and in voting. The Civil Rights movement had major successes in the 1960s with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
By 1964-65, the growing anti-war movement grew on college campuses across the country as the United States increased its military involvement in South Vietnam. Vietnam had been divided in 1954 between a communist North Vietnam and a democratic South Vietnam. The United States supported South Vietnam with economic and military assistance because we did not want South Vietnam to fall to communism. In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson began to dramatically increase US military involvement in South Vietnam as hundreds of thousands of American troops were sent to fight the war. The war became deeply unpopular in the United States among young people, and by the late 1960s, other Americans as well who became disillusioned by the lack of progress in the war.
The 1960s saw the rise of many movements to address sexism, homophobia, and the environmental crisis in America. The Second Wave feminist movement challenged the gender norms of the 1950s that women belonged in the home. The modern gay rights movement started during the Stonewall Riots in 1969 against police brutality and discrimination of gay and lesbian people. Finally, we also saw the environmental movement gain national attention as it focused on clean air and water.
QUIZ 10 (Short Essay format- Please use direct quotes/proper citations only from the primary sources listed above).
Describe some of the ways the Civil Rights movement worked to end Jim Crows laws in the 1960s? How did Lyndon Johnson help the cause of Civil Rights? What did he say to students at Howard University in 1965? What was the Great Society? How did the young people who wrote the Port Huron statement in 1962 see the United States? What issues did they care about? How did the United States get involved in Vietnam? What event in 196.
1.Martin Luther King, Jr. was an angry young man who hated the s.docx
1.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an angry young man who hated the segregated world of the American South and the injustices he saw inflicted on African Americans all over the nation. In adulthood he came to feel that anger offered no solution to the problems that he and other African Americans faced. What made him changed his mind? What were the roots of the philosophy that he adopted and used to land the civil rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s? How did King give Americans a sense of self-worth and the tools to achieve their aims?
2.
What were SNCC and SCLC? How did these organizations differ from each other? In what ways were they alike? What changes took place in SNCC after the mid 1960’s? How did Black Power differ from civil right movement under King?
3.
What were the two accomplishments of civil right of the mid-1960’s?
What specific action did King and his followers undertake to influence public opinion and effect legislative changes and at what cost?
4.
Describe the internal and external difficulties that beser King and the civil right movement in the late 1960’s. How did King defuse charges that he was a Communist? How did he react to the FBI crusade against him? To white and black backlashes? To the attacks on his policies that seemed to come from all sides? What did his support of the anti-Vietnam war movement cost him?
5.
Why do you think Americans were receptive to King’s pacific message and nonviolent approach in the 1960’s? Do you think similar tactics would be effective against oppression in a country such as the People’s Republic of China?
1. What do you think of Erik Erikson’s psychological model and Lawrence Goodheart use of it in this selection? Explain your reason.
2.
Discuss Malcolm X’s evolving racial feeling about himself in particular about whites and African Americans in general.
How were they influenced by his childhood experiences, his life in the ghetto, and his experiences with the Islamic movement? What effect did education have on his views?
3. According to Goodheart
“the shaping of Malcolm’s sense of self as a counterpart to the historical oppression of African Americans constitutes a central theme in his life”. In what way do you think his personal feelings reflected those in a large community? Compare his appeal of that of Martin Luther King Jr., about whom you read in the last selection. Why do you think Malcolm X have a continued appeal? What does that say about racial relations in the Untied States since the death of Malcolm X?
4. What is Goodheart final analysis of Malcolm X and the success and failures of his career?
5. Compare Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., their personalities, their backgrounds and their personal reactions over time to racial discrimination. Compare the two approaches to dealing with racial injustice in America. Which was the most effective and why? Did they help or hurt each other?
.
Running head ARTIFACT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 1 1Artifact Analys.docx
Running head: ARTIFACT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET 1
1
Artifact Analysis Worksheet 1
Name
Institute
Artifact Analysis
References
Nimkulrat, N. (2013). Situating creative artifacts in art and design research. FormAkademisk-Research Journal of Design and Design Education, 6(2).
© 2014 Laureate Education, Inc.
Page 3 of 3
The Trouble with Gay Rights: Race
and the Politics of Sexual Orientation
in Philadelphia, 1969-1982
Kevin J. Mumford
In 1985 the veteran civil rights activist Bayard Rustin joined a gay and lesbian coalition in New
York City that was about to make a final push for passage of an amendment to the city's
administrative code to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Rustin wrote
to the city council and to Mayor Edward I. Koch, vowed to lobby the four opposing African
American councilmen, and called for "the extension of freedom and justice for all Americans."'
Unusual for Rustin, in this instance his activism ceremoniously concluded rather than pio-
neered a social movement for change when the city council passed the bill the next year.
More than fifteen years before, the first gay liberationists had introduced such a bill
that was defeated by stiff opposition from conservative politicians and religious leaders.
That mobilization helped spark organizing and demonstrating for similar laws in cities
and towns during the 1970s and 1980s—a local political movement and discourse that
remains largely unexamined. In recent writing on sexual politics, however, Matthew D.
Lassiter, Robert O . Self, Whitney Strub, and others have analyzed controversies over
gay visibility in the media, conflicts over the regulation of urban vice, and the political
cooptation of pornography to understand shifts in American liberalism, and they suggest
that the rise of gay liberation served as a foil against which liberals reconfigured the
public/private divide and conservatives mobilized a rightward political turn. From
another perspective, despite the rise of the New Right, the cause of gays and lesbians did
advance during the 1970s, with the proliferation of community pride, new national organi-
zations, and the passage of protective ordinances. Utilizing a case study of Philadelphia, this
essay examines how the pursuit of equal protection led gays and lesbians to clash with reli-
gious and racial conservatives who challenged not only their rights but also their legitimacy
Kevin J. Mumford is a member of the Department of History at the University of Iowa
He wishes to thank the following for encouragement and advice: Clarissa Atkins, Nan Alamilla Boyd, Zoe Burk-
bolder, Christopher Capozzola, Matthew Countryman, Rachel Devlin, Steve Estes, Estelle Freedman, Thomas
Guglielmo, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Andrew Kahrl, Linda Kerber, Scott Kurashige, Kenneth Mack, Charles
Morris, David Roediger, Bob Skiba, Marc Stein, Shelton Stromquist. the audiences of the Charles Warren Center
for Studies in American History and the 2009 annual mee.
Civil Protest and Civil RightsThink about how the civil rights mov.docx
Civil Protest and Civil Rights
Think about how the civil rights movement took shape in the 1950s. The difficulties of confronting a deeply ingrained social order like segregation were significant, and challenging that order often meant very real risks, including death. Nonetheless, in events like the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955, the sit-in wave that began in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960, and uncountable “freedom rides” and public marches, civil rights activists—led mostly by blacks but with substantial help from white allies—successfully challenged the old order. Consider the difficulties civil rights activists faced in organizing at the grassroots and convincing national-level political leaders to support the cause.
Instructions:
Write an essay of 500 to 1000 words that explains how civil rights advocates successfully challenged and overthrew the system of segregation.
Your essay should include:
· Discussion of the factors that led to increased activism and solidarity at the grassroots level
· Discussion of the role that elected officials within the federal government played in guaranteeing citizenship rights to all Americans
.
Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful Tracking andUnde.docx
Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful? Tracking and
Understanding Black Views
1
Wayne A. Santoro
2
Was the modern civil rights movement successful? I depart from traditional approaches that judge suc-
cess in terms of political inclusion and policy response and instead ask “ordinary” blacks what they
thought. Using 1968 survey data, I find that while a slight majority (58%) believed that the movement
successfully reduced racial discrimination, a sizable share (42%) saw failure. It seems most accurate
to conclude that both perspectives resonated with large segments of the black population. I next exam-
ine who thought the movement a success and uncover that blacks of higher economic standing had the
most faith in the movement’s achievements. This result supports critics who thought that the poor were
left behind by the movement’s gains. Finally, while there was overall stability from 1968 to 2000 in
opinion, the mid-1980s represented the nadir in thinking the movement successful. This development
appears to have been a reaction to the racially hostile Reagan administration and the worsening eco-
nomic position of blacks in the 1980s. Views on the civil rights movement, thus, are a living memory
that can be altered by contemporary deleterious developments. I conclude by arguing that conceptual-
izations of success should be grounded in how movements impact the everyday lives of their
constituency.
3
KEY WORDS: African American; civil rights; discrimination; inequality; public opinion; social
movements.
INTRODUCTION
The popular narrative of the modern civil rights movement is that it was unam-
biguously successful, especially in the South (Brooks 1974; Hamilton 1986; Havard
1972; M. King 1967; R. King 1992). Backed by the Supreme Court, policy success
was most clearly manifest by passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Vot-
ing Rights Act. The 1964 law made illegal racial discrimination in employment, pro-
vided mechanisms to enforce school desegregation in the South, and outlawed
segregation in public accommodations. The 1965 law was the first serious federal
attempt to enfranchise Southern blacks since Reconstruction. There are many signs
that the movement abetted racial progress by early 1970s, the most appropriate
1
The author wishes to thank Andy Andrews, Mar�ıa B. V�elez, Sharon Nepstad, the Social Movement
Group at the University of New Mexico, as well as Arlene Santoro.
2
Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1 University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001; e-mail: [email protected]
3
This article is part of a special issue entitled, “Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1960s
Civil Rights Laws.” Other authors include Bonastia (2015), Lee (2015), Massey (2015), McAdam
(2015), Pettit and Sykes (2015), Valdez (2015), and Whitlinger (2015).
Sociological Forum, Vol. 30, No. S1, June 2015
DOI: 10.1111/socf.12181
© 2015 Eastern Sociological Society
627
be.
Mattie 1American ConsciousnessKing, Thomas. The Truth Abou.docx
Mattie 1
American Consciousness
King, Thomas. The Truth About Stories: A Native Narrative. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003.
In "Truth about Stories," Thomas King explores different stories of the Native American people culture and his own experience as an Indian. King gives a perspective on the relationship, culture, and social history of the Native Americans. He uses storytelling and gears it to current issues that are affecting American society and even the world. He digs deep into how racism, oppression, and discrimination have affected the Indian populations living in America.
Lopez, Lori Kido. “Fan Activists and the Politics of Race in The Last Airbender.” International Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 15, no. 5, Sept. 2016, pp. 431–445,
The authors focus on the American consciousness in terms of the country being a multiracial community. They begin the journal by explaining how the set up of the United States is based on the majority and minority communities in the country. The consideration of the factors leads to the broader understanding of how specific process needs to be followed to ensure that equality is maintained in different classes. The representation of the minority communities through the media is a critical activity that takes place in the paper. This is key in highlighting how most films depict the actual set up of the country. A look at the aspect through the film the last air-bender explains the existing differences that the media is critical at depicted. The multicultural context is clearly represented in the paper, which gives a perfect understanding of how the process is supposed to take place to ensure that equality is promoted.
Del Río, Esteban. “Accentuate the Positive: Americanos and the Articulation of Latina/o Life in the United States.” Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 36, no. 3, July 2015, pp. 179–201,
The author explains the literary context of American society. This takes place through a broader explanation of the American consciousness in a unique manner that facilitates a general understanding of the author's central message. The approach of the topic through the Latino communities perfectly explains the situation. It is evident that the Latinos are a minority community in the country. The fact that they are part of American society is a crucial issue that cannot be ignored. The surrounding of the country explains the reason behind the existence of the minority communities in the country. Its depiction in the media films reveals the influences that the community has in the country. The fact that they make up a significant part of the American society is a critical issue that the author addresses uniquely that one can clearly understand what his intention highlighting the question of American consciousness in the multicultural country was.
Barabas, Jason, and Jennifer Jerit. “Redistricting Principles and Racial Representation.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly, vol. 4, no. .
School Essay Essay Plan Sample. Online assignment writing service.
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african american.pdf
This presentation is about Martin Luther King Jr. who has contributed significantly to the African American community and/or broader society
Critical Thinking Essays. How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Free Essay ...
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Civil Protest and Civil RightsThink about how the civil rights mov.docx
Civil Protest and Civil Rights
Think about how the civil rights movement took shape in the 1950s. The difficulties of confronting a deeply ingrained social order like segregation were significant, and challenging that order often meant very real risks, including death. Nonetheless, in events like the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955, the sit-in wave that began in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960, and uncountable “freedom rides” and public marches, civil rights activists—led mostly by blacks but with substantial help from white allies—successfully challenged the old order. Consider the difficulties civil rights activists faced in organizing at the grassroots and convincing national-level political leaders to support the cause.
Instructions:
Write an essay of 500 to 1000 words that explains how civil rights advocates successfully challenged and overthrew the system of segregation.
Your essay should include:
· Discussion of the factors that led to increased activism and solidarity at the grassroots level
· Discussion of the role that elected officials within the federal government played in guaranteeing citizenship rights to all Americans
.
Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful Tracking andUnde.docx
Was the Civil Rights Movement Successful? Tracking and
Understanding Black Views
1
Wayne A. Santoro
2
Was the modern civil rights movement successful? I depart from traditional approaches that judge suc-
cess in terms of political inclusion and policy response and instead ask “ordinary” blacks what they
thought. Using 1968 survey data, I find that while a slight majority (58%) believed that the movement
successfully reduced racial discrimination, a sizable share (42%) saw failure. It seems most accurate
to conclude that both perspectives resonated with large segments of the black population. I next exam-
ine who thought the movement a success and uncover that blacks of higher economic standing had the
most faith in the movement’s achievements. This result supports critics who thought that the poor were
left behind by the movement’s gains. Finally, while there was overall stability from 1968 to 2000 in
opinion, the mid-1980s represented the nadir in thinking the movement successful. This development
appears to have been a reaction to the racially hostile Reagan administration and the worsening eco-
nomic position of blacks in the 1980s. Views on the civil rights movement, thus, are a living memory
that can be altered by contemporary deleterious developments. I conclude by arguing that conceptual-
izations of success should be grounded in how movements impact the everyday lives of their
constituency.
3
KEY WORDS: African American; civil rights; discrimination; inequality; public opinion; social
movements.
INTRODUCTION
The popular narrative of the modern civil rights movement is that it was unam-
biguously successful, especially in the South (Brooks 1974; Hamilton 1986; Havard
1972; M. King 1967; R. King 1992). Backed by the Supreme Court, policy success
was most clearly manifest by passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Vot-
ing Rights Act. The 1964 law made illegal racial discrimination in employment, pro-
vided mechanisms to enforce school desegregation in the South, and outlawed
segregation in public accommodations. The 1965 law was the first serious federal
attempt to enfranchise Southern blacks since Reconstruction. There are many signs
that the movement abetted racial progress by early 1970s, the most appropriate
1
The author wishes to thank Andy Andrews, Mar�ıa B. V�elez, Sharon Nepstad, the Social Movement
Group at the University of New Mexico, as well as Arlene Santoro.
2
Department of Sociology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1 University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001; e-mail: [email protected]
3
This article is part of a special issue entitled, “Commemorating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1960s
Civil Rights Laws.” Other authors include Bonastia (2015), Lee (2015), Massey (2015), McAdam
(2015), Pettit and Sykes (2015), Valdez (2015), and Whitlinger (2015).
Sociological Forum, Vol. 30, No. S1, June 2015
DOI: 10.1111/socf.12181
© 2015 Eastern Sociological Society
627
be.
Mattie 1American ConsciousnessKing, Thomas. The Truth Abou.docx
Mattie 1
American Consciousness
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Lopez, Lori Kido. “Fan Activists and the Politics of Race in The Last Airbender.” International Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 15, no. 5, Sept. 2016, pp. 431–445,
The authors focus on the American consciousness in terms of the country being a multiracial community. They begin the journal by explaining how the set up of the United States is based on the majority and minority communities in the country. The consideration of the factors leads to the broader understanding of how specific process needs to be followed to ensure that equality is maintained in different classes. The representation of the minority communities through the media is a critical activity that takes place in the paper. This is key in highlighting how most films depict the actual set up of the country. A look at the aspect through the film the last air-bender explains the existing differences that the media is critical at depicted. The multicultural context is clearly represented in the paper, which gives a perfect understanding of how the process is supposed to take place to ensure that equality is promoted.
Del Río, Esteban. “Accentuate the Positive: Americanos and the Articulation of Latina/o Life in the United States.” Journal of Communication Inquiry, vol. 36, no. 3, July 2015, pp. 179–201,
The author explains the literary context of American society. This takes place through a broader explanation of the American consciousness in a unique manner that facilitates a general understanding of the author's central message. The approach of the topic through the Latino communities perfectly explains the situation. It is evident that the Latinos are a minority community in the country. The fact that they are part of American society is a crucial issue that cannot be ignored. The surrounding of the country explains the reason behind the existence of the minority communities in the country. Its depiction in the media films reveals the influences that the community has in the country. The fact that they make up a significant part of the American society is a critical issue that the author addresses uniquely that one can clearly understand what his intention highlighting the question of American consciousness in the multicultural country was.
Barabas, Jason, and Jennifer Jerit. “Redistricting Principles and Racial Representation.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly, vol. 4, no. .
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This presentation is about Martin Luther King Jr. who has contributed significantly to the African American community and/or broader society
Critical Thinking Essays. How to Write a Critical Thinking Essay: Free Essay ...
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- 1. The Civil Rights Movement and Diversity Description Introduction In the 1960’s one event that touched nearly every American was the Civil Rights Movement. The election of President Kennedy ushered the United States into the 1960s with the New Frontier: a bold set of expectations, desires, and liberalism that expanded highly under Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society and quickly dissolved as the United States’ domestic environment fell into chaos and disarray. With the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, expanding drug culture and race riots transformed the United States from a land of unparalleled possibilities in the early 1960s to a nation facing numerous domestic challenges. This assignment will aid your understanding of how America granted equality to all minority groups and slowly moved toward diversity. Instructions Using the Internet, locate and read Martin Luther King Jr’s “I Have a Dream” speech given in Washington D.C., August 1963. Copy and paste the following keywords into your Google search bar: “I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, Jr.” Feel free also to locate and incorporate additional scholarly sources to respond to this case study, including information on the Civil Rights Movement. Construct the case study by responding to the following prompts: Explain if the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s effectively changed the nation? What effect would the Civil Rights Acts have across the continent on minority groups? Do you think that the tactics and strategies that civil rights activists used in the 1960s would apply to today’s racial and ethnic conflicts? Why or why not? Do the ideas of the 1960s still have relevance today? If so how? If not, why not? Analyze how the Civil Rights Movement would impact diversity in America today? Include a documented example of the primary source. Make sure to cite and reference sources. Make sure that the writing is clear, well-developed, and free from spelling and grammatical errors. Writing Requirements (APA format) Length: 2-3 pages (not including title page or references page) 1-inch margins Double spaced 12-point Times New Roman font Title page References page (minimum of 1 primary source) Use in-text citations that correspond with your end reference