C.A. Tham of South Africa presented on the country's experience with climate change and sustainable development. Key points include:
- South Africa has enacted legal reforms to promote sustainable development, including establishing rights to a healthy environment in the constitution.
- A National Framework for Sustainable Development sets out a vision, principles, and focus areas like climate change to guide national strategy.
- Municipalities must consider sustainability indicators when developing plans. Climate change is already impacting South Africa through extreme weather and rising seas.
- Initiatives have been implemented at national and provincial levels to monitor air quality and respond to climate change, but more robust global agreements are still needed.
Background, sustainable development, principles of Rio Declaration, Espoo Convention, understanding difference in policy, plan, program & project, key elements of SEA, benefits of SEA.
Addressing the Challenge of Climate Change and Environmental Degradation; A C...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation underscores the challenge of climate change and environmental degradation in respect to sustainable livelihoods, economic development and transformation. It underpins some actions and initiatives taken at the global and national levels to address the issues and suggests practical actions and recommendations for reflection for implementation going forward to advance climate change adaptation, environmental restoration & sustainable management.
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
This document presents South Africa's National Coastal Management Programme (NCMP) for 2013-2017 as required by the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act of 2008. It establishes a framework for coastal management, identifies key priorities for South Africa's coast through a situational analysis and stakeholder consultation. The priorities include effective planning for coastal vulnerability, ensuring public access, integrated estuary management, pollution management, coastal monitoring systems, compliance/enforcement, coastal information/research, awareness/education, and partnerships for integrated coastal management. Goals and objectives are set for each priority to guide coastal management efforts over the next five years.
The efforts by CSOs, Challenges and Opportunities for collaboration and partnership with the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources to advance to advance sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Status of Natural Resource Management in Uganda, the efforts by CSOs, Challen...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was made during the breakfast meeting meeting that engaged the Members of the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources in the Parliament of Uganda. The meeting was organized by UWASNET.
The document discusses climate change impacts observed in Mauritius such as rising temperatures and sea levels. It outlines studies conducted on climate change and key adaptation projects funded by the AAP and AFB to mainstream adaptation. These projects focus on coastal protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate-resilient development. Upcoming projects include a climate change observatory and strengthened efforts in coastal management, agriculture, and climate negotiation.
Improving environmental geoscience communication - a policy perspectivedliverman
This document discusses improving environmental geoscience communication from a policy perspective. It outlines several key points:
1) Policy implementation involves multiple levels of government and sectors and considers both spatial and non-spatial scales.
2) Geoscience can provide important inputs for environmental impact assessments, land use planning, hazard prevention and more to support sustainability.
3) However, geoscience knowledge is often not effectively communicated or integrated into policymaking due to lack of awareness, failure to present data accessibly, and disconnects between international, national and local levels.
Background, sustainable development, principles of Rio Declaration, Espoo Convention, understanding difference in policy, plan, program & project, key elements of SEA, benefits of SEA.
Addressing the Challenge of Climate Change and Environmental Degradation; A C...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation underscores the challenge of climate change and environmental degradation in respect to sustainable livelihoods, economic development and transformation. It underpins some actions and initiatives taken at the global and national levels to address the issues and suggests practical actions and recommendations for reflection for implementation going forward to advance climate change adaptation, environmental restoration & sustainable management.
1. The National Disaster Operation Centre (NDOC) was established in 1998 to coordinate disaster management in Kenya in response to adverse weather events and terrorist attacks.
2. NDOC monitors disasters 24/7, coordinates response efforts between government ministries and other stakeholders, and works to build national disaster preparedness and response capacity.
3. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of disasters in Kenya through impacts like increased flooding, droughts, disease outbreaks, and damage to agriculture and biodiversity. NDOC plays a key role in national climate change adaptation efforts through its coordination of mitigation and response activities.
This document presents South Africa's National Coastal Management Programme (NCMP) for 2013-2017 as required by the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act of 2008. It establishes a framework for coastal management, identifies key priorities for South Africa's coast through a situational analysis and stakeholder consultation. The priorities include effective planning for coastal vulnerability, ensuring public access, integrated estuary management, pollution management, coastal monitoring systems, compliance/enforcement, coastal information/research, awareness/education, and partnerships for integrated coastal management. Goals and objectives are set for each priority to guide coastal management efforts over the next five years.
The efforts by CSOs, Challenges and Opportunities for collaboration and partnership with the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources to advance to advance sustainable Management of Natural Resources
Status of Natural Resource Management in Uganda, the efforts by CSOs, Challen...Dr. Joshua Zake
This presentation was made during the breakfast meeting meeting that engaged the Members of the Parliamentary Committee on Natural Resources in the Parliament of Uganda. The meeting was organized by UWASNET.
The document discusses climate change impacts observed in Mauritius such as rising temperatures and sea levels. It outlines studies conducted on climate change and key adaptation projects funded by the AAP and AFB to mainstream adaptation. These projects focus on coastal protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate-resilient development. Upcoming projects include a climate change observatory and strengthened efforts in coastal management, agriculture, and climate negotiation.
Improving environmental geoscience communication - a policy perspectivedliverman
This document discusses improving environmental geoscience communication from a policy perspective. It outlines several key points:
1) Policy implementation involves multiple levels of government and sectors and considers both spatial and non-spatial scales.
2) Geoscience can provide important inputs for environmental impact assessments, land use planning, hazard prevention and more to support sustainability.
3) However, geoscience knowledge is often not effectively communicated or integrated into policymaking due to lack of awareness, failure to present data accessibly, and disconnects between international, national and local levels.
This document summarizes the shifting paradigms around environmental management and sustainable development. It discusses how early human societies lived in harmony with nature, but industrialization led to increased pollution problems. International conferences like the 1972 Stockholm Conference and 1992 Rio Earth Summit addressed these issues and promoted sustainable development. Effective environmental management requires setting pollution standards, using best practices, allowing flexibility based on economic conditions, generating technical solutions, and incentivizing industries below standards while penalizing excessive pollution. The document also discusses dividing areas into red, yellow and green zones based on pollution levels and assimilation capacities to guide industrial development.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
The document discusses the need for enhanced cooperation and synergies among multilateral environmental conventions related to biodiversity, combating desertification, and sustainable land and water management in the Near East and North Africa region. It notes that unsustainable practices have degraded 24% of global land and calls for more sustainable and efficient food production, protection of biodiversity and ecosystems, and integrated management of resources. Achieving the goals of conventions like the CBD and UNCCD will require increased understanding of environmental values, traditional knowledge, control of invasive species, and using science to inform policymaking and regional cooperation on issues like climate change adaptation.
GREEN ECONOMY AS A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR ABATING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN NI...Mabel Tola-Winjobi
A position paper at the TREES ON EARTH CONFERENCE, March 28, 2013 at Ogori/ Magongo LGA ,Kogi State by Surveyor Efik, National Coordinator, Climate Change Network Nigeria; Member, National Technical Committee on REDD+ of the Federal Ministry of Environment; Chair, REDD+ Working Group, CAN-West Africa
International Environmental Sustainability Laws With Focus On Environmental S...IJSRED
This document provides an overview of international environmental sustainability laws with a focus on Nigeria. It discusses how increased human activity has negatively impacted the environment. It also outlines key international agreements and policies around sustainable development, including the Brundtland Report and Agenda 21. While sustainable development aims to balance environmental protection, economic growth, and social welfare, there is some controversy around developing countries viewing sustainability standards as limiting their growth. The document argues that countries should have autonomy in choosing their own path to development.
IGF guidance-governments-environmental-management-mining-enSteve Kuria
This report highlights the key issues, benchmarks, and standards in four main areas of environmental management in mining—water, biodiversity, waste,
and emergency preparedness and response—and the role of governments in ensuring that each is effectively managed in support of sustainable development.
16-18 April 2019. Marrakech, Morocco The Fifth (2019) session of the Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (ARFSD 5).
Presentation by Linus Mofor - Senior Environmental Affairs Officer (Energy, Infrastructure and Climate Change), ECA
Belynda Petrie et al: Toward climate resilient development: strengthening the...AfricaAdapt
Climate responses in Africa primarily focus on adaptation. Integrated development planning that incorporates climate risks is needed to build resilience. Evidence is required to support climate-resilient development plans and access climate finance. Three case studies from Zambia, Mozambique, and the SADC region illustrate the climate challenges they face and how adaptation can be integrated into development through strengthened governance, policies, and financing.
Introduction to the NAP process and NAP guidelines within the Lebanese contextUNDP Climate
This document provides an introduction to the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process and guidelines for Lebanon. It summarizes Lebanon's climate vulnerability projections for 2090, including increased economic damage from environmental disasters, habitat change, disease, and industry stress. The document defines adaptation and mitigation, and introduces the NAP as per UNFCCC Decision 5/CP.17. It explains that the goal of the NAP process is to reduce vulnerability, build adaptive capacity and resilience, and mainstream adaptation into development planning. The presenter wants to use existing climate change information and momentum to develop more projects in a coordinated manner to increase Lebanon's adaptive capacity through its NAP process.
The document summarizes the findings of a baseline survey on climate change advocacy in Uganda. It found that while knowledge of climate change is widespread, understanding of climate finance issues is limited. Efforts to advocate for increased climate change financing are also limited. It provides recommendations to improve knowledge of climate finance advocacy, increase the scope and scale of advocacy efforts, and take advantage of opportunities to increase government budgeting for climate change through engagement with relevant institutions, policies, and individuals.
The document discusses climate change policy and initiatives in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines experiences increasing temperatures, more cyclones, and changes to rainfall patterns due to climate change. The Climate Change Act of 2009 established the Climate Change Commission to coordinate climate policy and the National Climate Change Action Plan to outline adaptation and mitigation strategies. The plan aims to build resilience through 2028. It also discusses localizing climate efforts, tracking climate spending, and partnerships to address climate change impacts in the Philippines.
NEP is a policy formulated in 2006 by Ministry of Environment and Forest,Govt. of India for providing certain strategies and standards that ensures environmental safety to surrounding areas,working areas, laboratories or facilities, are free from dangers.
Environmental Laws and Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessment in Nig...Dr. Felicia Chinwe Mogo
This document provides an overview of environmental laws and regulations relating to environmental impact assessment in Nigeria. It discusses how the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment recognized the need for sustainable development and environmental protection. Since then, Nigeria has developed a complex body of national laws and regulations to combat environmental problems, ensure sustainable development, and provide environmental protection. The document outlines several key Nigerian laws that relate to environmental protection, natural resource management, pollution prevention and control, including the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency Act, and laws governing the oil and gas industry. It also discusses the requirements and process for conducting environmental impact assessments in Nigeria.
Towards the Partnership Conference for Development and Protection of the Mari...Iwl Pcu
A PowerPoint presentation on the African Process and the GEF MSP for sub-Saharan Africa which provides a simple yet informative overview of the political endorsements and technical development of the initiative.
Towards the Partnership Conference for Development and Protection of the Mari...Iwl Pcu
A PowerPoint presentation on the African Process and the GEF MSP for sub-Saharan Africa which provides a simple yet informative overview of the political endorsements and technical development of the initiative.
This document discusses sustainability issues and environmental policy and regulation in the Philippines. It begins by defining sustainability and its three pillars: environmental, social, and economic sustainability. It then discusses some of the impacts of unsustainable practices like climate change, deforestation, and pollution. The remainder of the document outlines key environmental laws and policies in the Philippines, including the Environmental Impact Assessment System, the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Clean Air Act. It emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, conservation, and management through legislation and regulatory frameworks.
This presentation gives an overview of the experiences of Somalia in climate change adaptation planning. This was presented in April 2014 at the NAP-GSP Africa Regional Training Workshop (Anglophone) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This event gathered Government representatives from Ministries of Environment, Planning and Finance from 15 least developed African countries to consider the NAP process, which aims to address the medium to long–term climate change adaptation challenges for Africa.
More information: http://www.undp-alm.org/nap-regional-training-workshops-african-ldcs
1) Cambodia has significant water resources potential from its rivers and rainfall, but also faces challenges of limited water storage capacity and seasonal variability in rainfall.
2) Cambodia has adopted IWRM as a national policy and established various laws and policies related to water resource management. However, implementation of IWRM faces challenges of limited capacity and investment.
3) Key issues in implementing IWRM in Cambodia include the need for stronger coordination mechanisms across agencies, capacity building for local stakeholders, and further developing the legal framework to support IWRM.
HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA AND THE WORLD, ROLES OF MoEF, CPCB AND SPCB and 5 IMPORTANT POINTS ON AIR, WATER AND LAND POLLUTION FROM INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
This document summarizes the shifting paradigms around environmental management and sustainable development. It discusses how early human societies lived in harmony with nature, but industrialization led to increased pollution problems. International conferences like the 1972 Stockholm Conference and 1992 Rio Earth Summit addressed these issues and promoted sustainable development. Effective environmental management requires setting pollution standards, using best practices, allowing flexibility based on economic conditions, generating technical solutions, and incentivizing industries below standards while penalizing excessive pollution. The document also discusses dividing areas into red, yellow and green zones based on pollution levels and assimilation capacities to guide industrial development.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
The document discusses the need for enhanced cooperation and synergies among multilateral environmental conventions related to biodiversity, combating desertification, and sustainable land and water management in the Near East and North Africa region. It notes that unsustainable practices have degraded 24% of global land and calls for more sustainable and efficient food production, protection of biodiversity and ecosystems, and integrated management of resources. Achieving the goals of conventions like the CBD and UNCCD will require increased understanding of environmental values, traditional knowledge, control of invasive species, and using science to inform policymaking and regional cooperation on issues like climate change adaptation.
GREEN ECONOMY AS A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR ABATING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN NI...Mabel Tola-Winjobi
A position paper at the TREES ON EARTH CONFERENCE, March 28, 2013 at Ogori/ Magongo LGA ,Kogi State by Surveyor Efik, National Coordinator, Climate Change Network Nigeria; Member, National Technical Committee on REDD+ of the Federal Ministry of Environment; Chair, REDD+ Working Group, CAN-West Africa
International Environmental Sustainability Laws With Focus On Environmental S...IJSRED
This document provides an overview of international environmental sustainability laws with a focus on Nigeria. It discusses how increased human activity has negatively impacted the environment. It also outlines key international agreements and policies around sustainable development, including the Brundtland Report and Agenda 21. While sustainable development aims to balance environmental protection, economic growth, and social welfare, there is some controversy around developing countries viewing sustainability standards as limiting their growth. The document argues that countries should have autonomy in choosing their own path to development.
IGF guidance-governments-environmental-management-mining-enSteve Kuria
This report highlights the key issues, benchmarks, and standards in four main areas of environmental management in mining—water, biodiversity, waste,
and emergency preparedness and response—and the role of governments in ensuring that each is effectively managed in support of sustainable development.
16-18 April 2019. Marrakech, Morocco The Fifth (2019) session of the Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (ARFSD 5).
Presentation by Linus Mofor - Senior Environmental Affairs Officer (Energy, Infrastructure and Climate Change), ECA
Belynda Petrie et al: Toward climate resilient development: strengthening the...AfricaAdapt
Climate responses in Africa primarily focus on adaptation. Integrated development planning that incorporates climate risks is needed to build resilience. Evidence is required to support climate-resilient development plans and access climate finance. Three case studies from Zambia, Mozambique, and the SADC region illustrate the climate challenges they face and how adaptation can be integrated into development through strengthened governance, policies, and financing.
Introduction to the NAP process and NAP guidelines within the Lebanese contextUNDP Climate
This document provides an introduction to the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process and guidelines for Lebanon. It summarizes Lebanon's climate vulnerability projections for 2090, including increased economic damage from environmental disasters, habitat change, disease, and industry stress. The document defines adaptation and mitigation, and introduces the NAP as per UNFCCC Decision 5/CP.17. It explains that the goal of the NAP process is to reduce vulnerability, build adaptive capacity and resilience, and mainstream adaptation into development planning. The presenter wants to use existing climate change information and momentum to develop more projects in a coordinated manner to increase Lebanon's adaptive capacity through its NAP process.
The document summarizes the findings of a baseline survey on climate change advocacy in Uganda. It found that while knowledge of climate change is widespread, understanding of climate finance issues is limited. Efforts to advocate for increased climate change financing are also limited. It provides recommendations to improve knowledge of climate finance advocacy, increase the scope and scale of advocacy efforts, and take advantage of opportunities to increase government budgeting for climate change through engagement with relevant institutions, policies, and individuals.
The document discusses climate change policy and initiatives in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines experiences increasing temperatures, more cyclones, and changes to rainfall patterns due to climate change. The Climate Change Act of 2009 established the Climate Change Commission to coordinate climate policy and the National Climate Change Action Plan to outline adaptation and mitigation strategies. The plan aims to build resilience through 2028. It also discusses localizing climate efforts, tracking climate spending, and partnerships to address climate change impacts in the Philippines.
NEP is a policy formulated in 2006 by Ministry of Environment and Forest,Govt. of India for providing certain strategies and standards that ensures environmental safety to surrounding areas,working areas, laboratories or facilities, are free from dangers.
Environmental Laws and Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessment in Nig...Dr. Felicia Chinwe Mogo
This document provides an overview of environmental laws and regulations relating to environmental impact assessment in Nigeria. It discusses how the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment recognized the need for sustainable development and environmental protection. Since then, Nigeria has developed a complex body of national laws and regulations to combat environmental problems, ensure sustainable development, and provide environmental protection. The document outlines several key Nigerian laws that relate to environmental protection, natural resource management, pollution prevention and control, including the Environmental Impact Assessment Act, National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency Act, and laws governing the oil and gas industry. It also discusses the requirements and process for conducting environmental impact assessments in Nigeria.
Towards the Partnership Conference for Development and Protection of the Mari...Iwl Pcu
A PowerPoint presentation on the African Process and the GEF MSP for sub-Saharan Africa which provides a simple yet informative overview of the political endorsements and technical development of the initiative.
Towards the Partnership Conference for Development and Protection of the Mari...Iwl Pcu
A PowerPoint presentation on the African Process and the GEF MSP for sub-Saharan Africa which provides a simple yet informative overview of the political endorsements and technical development of the initiative.
This document discusses sustainability issues and environmental policy and regulation in the Philippines. It begins by defining sustainability and its three pillars: environmental, social, and economic sustainability. It then discusses some of the impacts of unsustainable practices like climate change, deforestation, and pollution. The remainder of the document outlines key environmental laws and policies in the Philippines, including the Environmental Impact Assessment System, the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Clean Air Act. It emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, conservation, and management through legislation and regulatory frameworks.
This presentation gives an overview of the experiences of Somalia in climate change adaptation planning. This was presented in April 2014 at the NAP-GSP Africa Regional Training Workshop (Anglophone) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This event gathered Government representatives from Ministries of Environment, Planning and Finance from 15 least developed African countries to consider the NAP process, which aims to address the medium to long–term climate change adaptation challenges for Africa.
More information: http://www.undp-alm.org/nap-regional-training-workshops-african-ldcs
1) Cambodia has significant water resources potential from its rivers and rainfall, but also faces challenges of limited water storage capacity and seasonal variability in rainfall.
2) Cambodia has adopted IWRM as a national policy and established various laws and policies related to water resource management. However, implementation of IWRM faces challenges of limited capacity and investment.
3) Key issues in implementing IWRM in Cambodia include the need for stronger coordination mechanisms across agencies, capacity building for local stakeholders, and further developing the legal framework to support IWRM.
HISTORICAL CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA AND THE WORLD, ROLES OF MoEF, CPCB AND SPCB and 5 IMPORTANT POINTS ON AIR, WATER AND LAND POLLUTION FROM INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
This document discusses key aspects of organizational structure including division of labor, hierarchy of authority, span of control, line and staff positions, and decentralization. It examines tall vs flat hierarchies and appropriate span of control. It also differentiates between line and staff positions. The document contrasts mechanistic and organic designs, and looks at how size, complexity, differentiation, and other factors impact organizational effectiveness. Functional, product, market, and matrix structures are overviewed.
This document discusses understanding population risk to weather disasters in a changing climate. It provides two case studies: an extreme heat study in Texas that developed a system to assess current and future urban vulnerability to heat waves, and a flooding study in Colorado after the 2013 floods that found residents were surprised by the flooding extent and lack of adequate warnings. The document stresses that understanding risk and vulnerability at local scales can help with hazard mitigation and climate adaptation, and that even areas with high adaptive capacity contain "surprising" vulnerabilities that provide opportunities to learn and reduce disaster risk.
This document summarizes a methodology for conducting vulnerability assessments to evaluate risks from coastal hazards. It involves analyzing hazards, critical facilities, societal factors, economic impacts, environmental issues, and mitigation opportunities. GIS is used to map risk areas and intersecting factors. Metrics are established to prioritize hazards and vulnerabilities. The process identifies high-risk locations and populations to guide development of hazard mitigation strategies.
Biomass is a renewable energy source that includes plants and animals. It can be used to produce heat and electricity. Biomass energy refers to energy from recently living organic matter like plants and animals. There are several ways to convert biomass into energy, including direct combustion to produce heat, thermochemical conversion methods like pyrolysis and gasification, and biochemical conversion using microorganisms like anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation. While biomass energy has advantages like being renewable and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, it also has disadvantages like being less efficient than fossil fuels and requiring a lot of space for combustion.
The document discusses various biomass and biofuel technologies including:
1. Biomass is used today for industrial heat/steam, power generation, and transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel to modestly reduce fossil fuel use.
2. Technologies focus on sugar and thermochemical platforms to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass at bio-refineries similar to petroleum refineries.
3. Biofuels discussed include biodiesel from oils, modified waste vegetable fat, ethanol diesel blends, and jatropha biodiesel.
This document discusses the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) and its role in funding basic research related to energy production and use. It notes that BES provides over 40% of federal funding for physical sciences and operates scientific user facilities. The document then summarizes a workshop on basic research needs for the hydrogen economy, identifying key gaps in hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cells. It outlines BES's solicitation of proposals for basic research on hydrogen as part of the Department of Energy's hydrogen fuel initiative.
Sound or noise pollution can occur when there is excessive noise or unpleasant sounds that disrupt the natural environment. Common causes of noise pollution include traffic, aircraft, railways, construction activities, industrial machinery, and loud consumer products. Prolonged exposure to loud noises can negatively impact human and animal health by causing hearing loss, cardiovascular effects, sleep disturbances, and stress. To reduce noise pollution, soundproofing of machines, limits on vehicle horns, and enforcing silence zones are effective solutions, as well as increasing public awareness of the health risks of excessive noise.
This document discusses noise measurement and abatement. It defines sound and how it travels in waves. It explains how sound is measured in terms of pressure, frequency, intensity, bels, and decibels. It discusses common sources of noise pollution like transportation systems, and how noise affects human health. Solutions to noise problems include regulations, barriers, and selecting less noisy materials.
This document provides guidance on effective communication. It discusses the communication process and important concepts to consider, including the source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and context. Good communication requires listening skills like focusing on the speaker, avoiding distractions, responding appropriately, asking clarifying questions, and understanding different perspectives. The document also discusses communicating respectfully by avoiding manipulation, double messages, or deception, and provides tips for resolving conflicts respectfully. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of clear encoding and decoding of messages, active listening, and communicating respectfully.
We face significant health hazards from infectious diseases like flu, AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. There is also growing concern about chemicals that can cause cancer, birth defects, and disrupt human hormone and nervous systems. Bisphenol A is an example of an estrogen mimic found in many plastics and canned food linings that 93% of Americans have in their bodies. While scientists use animal testing and epidemiological studies to evaluate chemical toxicity, these methods have limitations. It is difficult to fully evaluate risks, so reducing chemical pollution and making informed lifestyle choices can help avoid health risks.
The document discusses different types of hazards and how they are classified. It defines a hazard as a process, phenomenon or human activity that can cause harm. Hazards are divided into several categories - natural, biological, environmental, geological, hydrometeorological, and technological. The document also discusses how hazards can be characterized by their magnitude, speed of onset, duration and area affected. It describes how hazard events are measured and analyzed, including through the use of historical data and computer-generated hazard event sets. The severity of hazard impacts can potentially be lessened through risk reduction strategies and actions.
This document discusses the importance of environmental education for sustainable development. It addresses several key issues: the current state of pollution and its effects like global warming; the types of pollution harming the environment; and natural disasters exacerbated by environmental damage. It emphasizes that sustainable development requires changes in attitudes through moral and ethical education to encourage environmentally-friendly behavior. While science and technology can help manage pollution, they cannot deliver sustainability alone. The document argues for hands-on environmental education that inspires interest in conservation issues. Curricula should incorporate moral philosophy and focus on reducing consumption. Proper management of resources like water is vital for environmental protection.
This document discusses photochemical smog, which is air pollution caused by chemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. It focuses on Los Angeles as a case study, noting that the stable atmosphere, plenty of sunlight, and high traffic volume provide ideal conditions for photochemical smog formation. The chemical reactions that produce smog are described, and it is noted that weather conditions like high pressure systems can cause air stagnation and exacerbate smog levels. Emission control strategies California has implemented like catalytic converters and carpool lanes are also summarized.
Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane that are released by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The average global temperature has already risen by 1°C in the past century and is projected to increase by over 1°C in the next 100 years if emissions continue rising. Some effects of climate change include rising sea levels from melting ice caps, more extreme weather, droughts, and loss of habitats. Individual actions like reducing waste, using less plastic, and buying locally grown food can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and slow global warming.
This document discusses acids, bases, and salts. It explains that acids contain hydrogen ions and bases contain hydroxide ions. When an acid and base react, they form water and a salt through a neutralization reaction. Salts are formed when hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal ions. There are different types of salts including normal salts, acid salts, and basic salts depending on the reaction that forms them. Salts have various uses such as in fertilizers, drying agents, medicines, and gunpowder.
This document provides an overview of solutions and solubility. It defines key terms like solute, solvent, solution, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, concentration, saturation, and factors that affect solubility. It also discusses quantitative concepts such as molarity, percent by mass, and how to use stoichiometry to calculate amounts in solutions. Specifically, it explains how to calculate amounts of solutes and solvents needed using molarity, percent by mass, and mole ratios from balanced chemical equations.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
1. United Nations Expert Group
Meeting on Climate Change and
Sustainable Development: The South
African Experience
Presented by: C.A. Tham (South Africa)
15 – 16 0CTOBER 2008
NEW YORK
2. Outline of Presentation
Social Context and Background of South Africa.
Legal Reforms to Legitimize Concept of Sustainable
Development.
Section 24 of Constitution of SA.
Development of Legal Mechanism to enhance
Sustainable Development.
National Framework on Sustainable Development
Air Quality and Climate Change Indicators
Climate Change and Indicators of Sustainable
Development
Conclusion & Recommendations
3. Background and Social Context of
South Africa (SA)
SA has a medium development index,equivalent to a
rank of 111 out of 175 countries (UNDP 2003).
High levels of inequality between people, places,
genders, etc.
Legacy of apartheid has left enormous disparities in
wealth and massive backlog in service provision (eg:
assess to potable water, electricity & adequate
sanitation).
Severe insecurity of land tenure, especially for people
poor in both urban and rural areas.
Recently HIV/AIDS and unemployment is having
negative impact on the socio-economic context
4. Legal Reforms to introduce Concept of
Sustainable Development in SA
New Constitution with Bill of Rights adopted in 1996
(Chapter 2):
Everyone has the right to have access to adequate
housing (Section 26);
Everyone has the right to have access to health care
services, sufficient food and water (Section 27);
Everyone has the right to basic education (Section 29);
Everyone has the right to fair labour practices (Section
23);
Everyone has the right to an environment that is not
harmful to their health or wellbeing (Section 24).
5. Section 24 of Constitution
“Everyone has the right –
(a). To an environment that is not harmful to their health
or wellbeing; and
(b). To have the environment protected for the benefit of
present and future generations, through reasonable
legislative and other measures that –
(i) prevent pollution and ecological degradation
(ii) promote conservation and
(iii) secure ecologically sustainable development and
use of natural resources while promoting justifiable
economic and social development”.
6. Development of Legal Mechanisms to
Enhance Sustainable Development
The Constitution (Act 108 0f 1996)
Environmental Policy of South Africa
National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) Act
107 of 1998).
NEMA: Protected Areas Act (Act 57 of 2003)
NEMA: Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004)
NEMA: Air Quality Act (Act of 2004)
NEMA: EIA Regulations 2006
NEMA: Integrated Coastal Management Bill
NEMA: Integrated Waste Management Bill
7. Development of Legal Mechanisms to
Enhance Sustainable Development
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NEMA: EIA Regulations
AIR QUALITY ACT
NEMA: BIODIVERSITY ACT
NEMA: PROTECTED AREA ACT
NEMA (ACT 107 0F 1998)
THE CONSTITUTION OF SOUTH AFRICA
(Act 108 of 1996)
8. National Framework on Sustainable
Development (NFSD)
In Johannesburg at WSSD 2002, JPOI was adopted
which sets 37 targets for sustainable development as
well as meeting MDG goals.
In response to JPOI, South Africa has developed a
National Framework for Sustainable Development
(NFSD).
Purpose of NFSD: (In two-fold)
(i) To articulate South Africa’s vision for sustainable
development
(ii) Specify strategic interventions in order to re-orientate
South Africa’s development path in a more sustainable
direction.
9. National Framework on Sustainable
Development (Cont’d)
NFSD seeks to build on existing national programmes
and strategies that have emerged over last 14 years.
NFSD proposes a national vision and principles for
sustainable development.
NFSD proposes focus areas (e.g.: climate change) for
strategic intervention.
NFSD will act as guideline for the development of the
National Strategy and Action Plan for sustainable
development.
The NFSD will be utilized by all social partners, and
organs of state within national, provincial and municipal
spheres to refine and realign their policies and decision-
making systems in order to promote sustainable
development.
10. National Vision for Sustainable
Development from the NFSD
“South Africa aspires to be a sustainable,
economically prosperous and self-reliant nation
state that safeguards its democracy by meeting
the fundamental human needs of its people, by
managing its limited ecological resources
responsibly for current and future generations,
and by advancing efficient and effective
integrated planning and governance through
national, regional and global collaboration”
(NFSD 2008)
11. Principles for Sustainable Development
from NFSD
Fundamental principles which relates to fundamental
human rights as enshrined in the national Constitution:
Human dignity and social equity
Justice and fairness
Democratic governance
Substantive Principles:
Efficient and sustainable use of natural resources
Socio-economic systems are embedded within, and dependant
upon, eco-systems
Basic human needs must be met to ensure resources necessary for
long-term survival are not destroyed for shot-term gain.
12. NFSD & Sustainable Development
Indicators
National Framework for Sustainable Development
(NFSD) will contribute towards the development of a
coherent set of sustainable development indicators for
the nation.
At present, individual organizations and institutions have
their own set of indicators for sustainable development.
Intention of NFSD is to co-ordinate the fragmented
indicators and come up with one national set of
indicators.
13. Sustainable Development Indicators and
Municipalities (Local Authorities)
It is now a statutory requirement for all local authorities in
SA to developed an Integrated Development Plan (IDP)
projecting their developments goals in a timeframe of a
5-year term (MSA Act of 2000).
Annual IDP reviews are undertaken every year to
establish among other things how municipalities have
incorporate the principles of sustainability in their IDP
documents.
National and Provincial departments of Environment
have a set of sustainability indicators that are utilized to
review the IDP documents.
14. IDP Review and Sustainable
Development Indicators
Has sustainable development principles as espoused in
NEMA being incorporated in the IDP document?
Is there compliance with NEMA EIA Regulations on all
projects identified in the IDP document?
Is there compliance with enviro-sectors plans eg: Air
Quality Plans, Coastal Management Plans, Waste
Management Plans, etc?
Is there a SEA as a layer to the IDP document?
Has an EMF being developed for environmental
sensitive geographical areas in the municipality?
15. Climate Change and Indicators of
Sustainable Development
Examples of Climate Change in SA:
(i). Extreme weather patterns
(ii). Rise in sea levels
(iii). Floods and droughts
(iv). Erosion of coastal shore lines
(v). Scarcity of water in the Western Cape area, etc.
23. Some Impacts of Climate Change
Reduced crop yield due to prevailing drought in
Zululand.
Impact on tourism as coastal resorts were destroyed in
recent high tides.
Unemployment as resorts workers are left without a job.
Knock-on effect on dependants and family members’
quality of live as bread winner in family is without a job.
Increased coastal erosion along the Kwa-Zulu Natal
Coastline
Lost of residential properties and other personal
belongings as sea level rises.
Higher temps. has a negative influence on livestock.
27. Climate Change Status Quo:
National/Provincial Initiatives
Adoption of the National Climate Change Response
Strategy in 2005.
Recent adoption of cabinet of a Proposal on Climate
Change Policy Development (July 2008).
Formation of Climate Change Steering Committees at
provincial level.
Steering Committees comprising of all relevant
government department and local authorities.
Core functions of steering committees is to develop an
Action Plan to mitigate impacts of climate changes in
provinces (Eg: KZN Province).
28. Air Quality & Climate Change Indicators
Is there an adopted Air Quality Management Plan for the
municipality in compliance with NEMA Air Quality Act?
Is there a designated air quality officer responsible for
coordinating matters pertaining to air quality
management in the municipality?
Are there adequate/effective air quality monitoring
equipments in the municipality?
Percentage of key pollutants monitored according to the
specifications in the National Air Quality Framework.
Degree of exceedence of national standards for ambient
concentrations of key pollutants in the municipality.
29. Air Quality & Climate Change Indicators
(Cont’d)
Number of air quality related complaints received by the
local municipality per year.
Change in trends in levels of SO2, NO2, & PM10 in a
local municipal area.
Percentage change in the number of daily exceedance
of 24hrs average SO2, NO2, & PM10, South Africa
standards.
Percentage change in total particulates in a local
municipal area.
Percentage of key pollutants monitored in a local
municipal area according to the specifications in the
National Air Quality Framework.
30. Climate Change Indicators
Is there an adopted Coastal Management Plan for the
relevant coastal municipality?
How are many coastal sustainable livelihoods project
have been initiated per annum?
Percentage of coastal municipalities with a proclaimed
‘coastal set back line’ in accordance with the Coastal
Management Bill
Percentage of coastal management committees formed
and operational.
What is the economic value of the coastal goods and
services on the municipality
31. Conclusion & Recommendations
Adaptation Strategies for Communities facing
climate change as a challenge:
Action Plans of provincial Steering Committees on Climate Change must
come up with such Adaptation Strategies.
Climate change indicators to be developed and incorporated into Coastal
management Plans for Coastal Municipalities.
Provincial/National Govt. must provide funds for adaptation strategies.
Education, Training and Awareness:
Literacy campaigns within vulnerable communities (e.g.: informal
settlements) must be initiated and intensified.
EG: Seminars, Workshops, Dramas& Plays, TV/Radio Advertisements, etc.
Introduction of climate change in school curricula, etc.
32. Recommendation (Cont’d)
On the global front:
A more ‘robust’ and legally binding framework on
sustainable development must be investigated by the UN
at the next earth summit. (Just like the IPCC in 1988
which later developed into a ‘Convention’ as UNFCCC).
33. For More Info:
Contact:
Mr. C.A. Tham (MEnvDev)
KZN Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs
Private Bag X9059
Pietermaritzburg 3200
Tel: +27 33 355 9427
Fax: +27 33 355 9614
Email: Christian.Tham@dae.kzntl.gov.za
Cell: +27 82 886 4076
National Website: http//www.environment.gov.za
Provincial Website: http//agriculture.kzntl.gov.za