Tetanus ki ek number ki ppt hai bvsc k liyeh chote Manish ki

1. TETANUS
( LOCK JAW)
MANISH KUMAR
2018V137BI IIVER
HVC NO . 1268

2. TETANUS
Highly fatal disease of animals characterized by -
Hyperesthesia
Tetany
Convulsion
DISTRIBUTION
Worldwide
SUSCEPTIBILITY
Most – Horses and Mules
Least – Cattles
Resistant - Birds

3. ETIOLOGY
Clostridium tetani – gram positive spore forming
anaerobic rod shape
Appearance – drumstick
Mortality – 80 %
Morbidity – 100 %
TRANSMISSION
Spores are present in Gastrointestinal Tract of herbivores as natural inhabitant.
Spores are present in faeces of mules and horses.
Soil contaminated with faeces act as a source of transmission.
Portal of entry other than mouth – deep punctured wound.

4. PATHOGENESIS
Entry of spore
spores remain in dormant stage until anaerobic condition
(Anaerobic condition)
Spores get converted into vegetative form (active form)
Produce neurotoxin (fibrinolysin , tetanolysin ,tetanospasmin)
Brain
(muscle fixation, hyperesthesia, muscle spasm, tetany)
Death is due to asphyxia.(Fixation of respiratory muscle)

5. CLINICAL SIGNS
Initial-
Stiffness of muscle and muscular tremers
Normal Pulse rate and temperature
Normal feed and water intake
Lock jaw(TRISMUS)

6. Prolapse of third eye lid / nictitaining membrane
Hyperesthesia
Tetany of masseter muscle
Constipation and retained urine
Muscle spasm
Cynotic mucus membrane

7. Saw Horse Posture
Profuse sweating and high fever.
Raising and stiffness of tail.
Death in advance cases.
Cattle – Bloat
Decrease in milk production

8. DIAGNOSIS
Clinical signs
No satisfactory clinical pathological test
Identification of organism by PCR.
P.M LESION

9. TREATMENT
Principle of Treatment
1) Elimination of Organism
2) Neutrilise the Toxin
3) Relax the muscle
4)Maintain the Relaxation till toxin are completely neutrilise
Animal should be kept in dark room without disturbance to prevent convulsion.
Antibiotic therapy –
A) Procaine penicillin 15000 -20000 I.U For 7 days, BID I.M
B) Tetanus antitoxin/ Antitetanus serum(ATS)
Large animals -3 lac I.U , I.M
Small animls – 10000- 20000 I.U , I.M

10. 2)Tetanus Toxoid –Neutrilise toxin usually given for prevention of disease.
A)Large animals- 5 ml S/C
B)Small animals- 3 ml S/C
3) For muscle relaxation
A)Chlorpromazine - 0.4 mg /kg B.W I.V
B)Acepromazine – 0.08 mg /kg B.W I.V

11. 4)Wound Mangement
Wound should be debrided , cleaned and treated as a open wound .
Never cover or bandage wound.
Infiltrate with penicillin.

12. PREVENTION
Disinfect all the surgical instruments.
Anti tetanus serum can be given be given before surgical procedure.
If injury – Penicillin, Anti toxin, Tetanus toxoid
All the injuries should be bled to remove organism.
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
Tetanus toxoid 1ml s/c 2 injections at 6-8 week interval
Immunity develops after 10-14 days.

13. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
ATS – 1500 IU s/c
VACCINATION
Raksha ET-TT 2ml s/c
Foal – 10 week
Mare- 6 weeks before parturition