This document provides a tutorial on using .htaccess files. It explains that .htaccess files allow you to customize server settings and perform tasks like creating custom 404 error pages without access to the server configuration. The tutorial covers how to set up .htaccess files, common commands like redirecting URLs and adding password protection, and warns that editing .htaccess improperly could cause problems.
.htaccess is a configuration file for use on web servers running the Apache Web Server software. When a .htaccess file is placed in a directory which is in turn 'loaded via the Apache Web Server', then the .htaccess file is detected and executed by the Apache Web Server software. These .htaccess files can be used to alter the configuration of the Apache Web Server software to enable/disable additional functionality and features that the Apache Web Server software has to offer. These facilities include basic redirect functionality, for instance if a 404 file not found error occurs, or for more advanced functions such as content password protection or image hot link prevention.
Complete Wordpress Security By CHETAN SONI - Cyber Security ExpertChetan Soni
You have been busy building your website, writing great content, touching people’s life, trying to make money online with your blog and you woke up to find out that your wordpress website has been hacked! And off course, your only option is to search Google for solution.
.htaccess is a configuration file for use on web servers running the Apache Web Server software. When a .htaccess file is placed in a directory which is in turn 'loaded via the Apache Web Server', then the .htaccess file is detected and executed by the Apache Web Server software. These .htaccess files can be used to alter the configuration of the Apache Web Server software to enable/disable additional functionality and features that the Apache Web Server software has to offer. These facilities include basic redirect functionality, for instance if a 404 file not found error occurs, or for more advanced functions such as content password protection or image hot link prevention.
Complete Wordpress Security By CHETAN SONI - Cyber Security ExpertChetan Soni
You have been busy building your website, writing great content, touching people’s life, trying to make money online with your blog and you woke up to find out that your wordpress website has been hacked! And off course, your only option is to search Google for solution.
Apache is the most popular web server software. The course is geared to make you a Apache pro. Once you digest all basics, the course will help you create your very own production Web Server!
Wikipedia is a global 'crowd sourced' encyclopaedia, in which content has been created by a community of users open to anyone. Many, particularly in universities and main stream media, have concerns over the reliability of its information, whilst others see the process of peer review more positively and believe that it can be used to teach vital information literacy skills. We briefly review some aspects of this debate.
Beyond Wikipedia itself, wikis in general provide a collaborative, web-based workspace in which a group may work together on shared tasks, reviewing and revising one another’s contribution. We explore some of the ways in which they might be used as a medium for children’s writing.
You go on to work together to plan and the n create a shared wiki with your group, to explore examples of literature written for children.
DIRECTED TASK
• As a group you should agree a broad theme for your children’s literature wiki with your tutor. Your tutor will help you decide an initial structure for the wiki, which, as a group, you may subsequently change.
• Each of you should take responsibility for creating at least one page of the wiki, trying to avoid topics or authors chosen by others.
• Review the pages created by your colleagues.
• Make positive, constructive changes to at least three other pages.
TO FOLLOW UP
• Read Desilets and Paquet (2005) or Wheeler et al (2008). Post a critical reflection on the article you read to your blog.
• Continue the development of your group wiki over subsequent weeks as directed task work for English.
“The aim of this session is to enhance your reflection in preparation for the assignment by sharing your evaluations and responding to others. You will present your three extended, reflective lesson evaluations, focusing on your pedagogical issue or question and making explicit links to theory and research. You should draw on a wide range of reading that will reflect your knowledge and understanding of the curriculum area, of teaching and learning issues and of reflective practice.”
Apache is the most popular web server software. The course is geared to make you a Apache pro. Once you digest all basics, the course will help you create your very own production Web Server!
Wikipedia is a global 'crowd sourced' encyclopaedia, in which content has been created by a community of users open to anyone. Many, particularly in universities and main stream media, have concerns over the reliability of its information, whilst others see the process of peer review more positively and believe that it can be used to teach vital information literacy skills. We briefly review some aspects of this debate.
Beyond Wikipedia itself, wikis in general provide a collaborative, web-based workspace in which a group may work together on shared tasks, reviewing and revising one another’s contribution. We explore some of the ways in which they might be used as a medium for children’s writing.
You go on to work together to plan and the n create a shared wiki with your group, to explore examples of literature written for children.
DIRECTED TASK
• As a group you should agree a broad theme for your children’s literature wiki with your tutor. Your tutor will help you decide an initial structure for the wiki, which, as a group, you may subsequently change.
• Each of you should take responsibility for creating at least one page of the wiki, trying to avoid topics or authors chosen by others.
• Review the pages created by your colleagues.
• Make positive, constructive changes to at least three other pages.
TO FOLLOW UP
• Read Desilets and Paquet (2005) or Wheeler et al (2008). Post a critical reflection on the article you read to your blog.
• Continue the development of your group wiki over subsequent weeks as directed task work for English.
“The aim of this session is to enhance your reflection in preparation for the assignment by sharing your evaluations and responding to others. You will present your three extended, reflective lesson evaluations, focusing on your pedagogical issue or question and making explicit links to theory and research. You should draw on a wide range of reading that will reflect your knowledge and understanding of the curriculum area, of teaching and learning issues and of reflective practice.”
Guide 6 - Tapping Into Your Website Configuration File.pdfpersuebusiness
Tapping Into Your Website Configuration File
Getting involved with your website configuration files sound scary if you’ve never done it before in your life. However, if you own a self-hosted website, then you need to get your hands ‘dirty’, so to speak.
If you love the technicalities involved in building websites, then you’d love this guide. If not, well, don’t worry. We’ve made this guide simple and easy to understand, you’ll feel like a pro in no time at all!
With that said, most of the techniques covered here involves editing your site’s .htaccess file, so I’ll define what it is first.
What is .htaccess?
Think of .htaccess as a file that basically tells your web server what it can and can’t serve to people and programs who want to access your files. It’s technically your site’s gatekeeper, however, in order for you to make it work then you need to tell it what to do.
Note that in some cases, you may not even have a .htaccess file, so you need to create one from scratch. Also, some web hosts don’t support
.htaccess especially if they don’t use Apache Web Server software.
It’s important to mention here that .htaccess is the full filename. It’s not “file.htaccess” or “site.htaccess.” You can use a text editor to type in your
.htaccess file instructions and then save it simply as “.htaccess.”
7 things every web developer should know about linux administrationZareef Ahmed
Linux system administration is specialized field in itself. In this presentation, I am going to list 7 Linux administration tasks which a programmer should know to be with ease while deploying or planning deployment of applications.
“A Full day of WordPress2.5, focused on design and development. We’ll cover the essentials of setup, installation, and management. We’ll learn how to build custom themes using CSS, PHP, and image
architecture. We’ll also jump into custom code and template files, best practices for design and management, integrating Flash, and how to build and install WP and custom plug-ins.”
An exploration into what a WordPress theme is. How does it work and what is it made up of?
If you're interested in getting into theme development this presentation will help you get started on that journey.
Israeli Perspectives on the New Middle East Report on the 12th Herzliya Confe...
testing pdf doc
1. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
.htaccess Tutorial
Author:
Webhostingpad.com
Created On: 30 Nov 2007 04:37 PM
.htaccess Tutorial
Part 1 - Introduction
Introduction
In this tutorial you will find out about the .htaccess file and the power it has to improve your website.
Although .htaccess is only a file, it can change settings on the servers and allow you to do many
different things, the most popular being the ability to have your own custom 404 error pages.
.htaccess isn't difficult to use and is made up of just a few simple instructions in a text file.
Does Webhostingpad Support It?
Yes, Webhostingpad supports .htaccess.
What Can I Do?
You may be wondering what .htaccess can do, or you may have read about some of its uses but
don't realize how many things you can actually do with it.
There is a huge range of things .htaccess can do, including: password protecting folders,
redirecting users automatically, custom error pages, changing your file extensions, banning users
with certain IP addresses, only allowing users with certain IP addresses, stopping directory listings
and using a different file as the index file.
Creating a .htaccess File
Creating a .htaccess file may cause you a few problems. Writing the file is easy - you just need
enter the appropriate code into a text editor (like notepad). You may run into problems with saving
the file. Because .htaccess is a strange file name (the file actually has no name but an 8-letter file
extension), it may not be accepted on certain systems (e.g. Windows 3.1). With most operating
systems, though, all you need to do is to save the file by entering the name as:
".htaccess"
including the quotes. If this doesn't work, you will need to name it something else (e.g. htaccess.txt)
and then upload it to the server. Once you have uploaded the file, you can then rename it using an
FTP program.
Page 1/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport
2. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
Warning
Before using .htaccess, I should give you one warning. Although using .htaccess on your server is
extremely unlikely to cause any problems (if something is wrong it simply won't work), you should be
wary if you are using the Microsoft FrontPage Extensions. The FrontPage extensions use the
.htaccess file, so you should not really edit it to add your own information. If you do want to (this is
not recommended, but possible) you should download the .htaccess file from your server first (if it
exists) and then add your code to the beginning.
Custom Error Pages
The first use of the .htaccess file I will cover is custom error pages. These will allow you to have
your own, personal error pages (for example, when a file is not found) instead of using your host's
error pages or having no page. This will make your site seem much more professional in the unlikely
event of an error. It will also allow you to create scripts to notify you if there is an error (for example,
I use a PHP script on Free Webmaster Help to automatically e-mail me when a page is not found).
You can use custom error pages for any error as long as you know its number (like 404 for page not
found) by adding the following to your .htaccess file:
ErrorDocument errornumber /file.html
For example, if I had the file notfound.html in the root directory of my site and I wanted to use it for
a 404 error I would use:
ErrorDocument 404 /notfound.html
If the file is not in the root directory of your site, you just need to put the path to it:
ErrorDocument 500 /errorpages/500.html
These are some of the most common errors:
401 - Authorization Required
400 - Bad request
403 - Forbidden
500 - Internal Server Error
404 - Wrong page
Then, all you need to do is to create a file to display when the error happens, and upload it and the
.htaccess file.
Part 2 - .htaccess Commands
Introduction
In the last part I introduced you to .htaccess and some of its useful features. Now I will show you
how to use the .htaccess file to implement some of these.
Page 2/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport
3. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
Stop a Directory Index From Being Shown
Sometimes, for one reason or another, you will have no index file in your directory. This will, of
course, mean that if someone types the directory name into their browser, a full listing of all the files
in that directory will be shown. This could be a security risk for your site.
To prevent against this (without creating lots of new 'index' files, you can enter a command into your
.htaccess file to stop the directory list from being shown:
Options -Indexes
Deny/Allow Certian IP Addresses
In some situations, you may want to only allow people with specific IP addresses to access your
site (for example, only allowing people using a particular ISP to get into a certian directory) or you
may want to ban certa IP addresses (for example, keeping disruptive members out of your message
boards). Of course, this will only work if you know the IP addresses you want to ban and, as most
people on the internet now have a dynamic IP address, this is not always the best way to limit
usage.
You can block an IP address by using:
deny from 000.000.000.000
where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you
will block a whole range.
You can allow an IP address by using:
allow from 000.000.000.000
where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you
will allow a whole range.
If you want to deny everyone from accessing a directory, you can use:
deny from all
but this will still allow scripts to use the files in the directory.
Alternative Index Files
You may not always want to use index.htm or index.html as your index file for a directory. For
example, if you are using PHP files in your site, you may want index.php to be the index file for a
directory. You are not limited to 'index' files, though. Using .htaccess you can set foofoo.blah to be
your index file if you want to!
Page 3/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport
4. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
Alternate index files are entered in a list. The server will work from left to right, checking to see if
each file exists, and if none of them exist it will display a directory listing (unless, of course, you have
turned this off).
DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 messagebrd.pl index.html index.htm
Redirection
One of the most useful functions of the .htaccess file is to redirect requests to different files, either
on the same server, or on a completely different web site. It can be extremely useful if you change
the name of one of your files but allow users to still find it. Another use (which I find very useful) is
to redirect to a longer URL. For example, in my newsletters, I can use a very short URL for my
affiliate links. The following can be done to redirect a specific file:
Redirect /location/from/root/file.ext http://www.othersite.com/new/file/location.xyz
In this above example, a file in the root directory called oldfile.html would be entered as:
/oldfile.html
and a file in the old subdirectory would be entered as:
/old/oldfile.html
You can also redirect whole directoires of your site using the .htaccess file, for example if you had a
directory called olddirectory on your site and you had set up the same files on a new site at:
http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/, you could redirect all the files in that directory without having
to specify each one:
Redirect /olddirectory http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory
Then, any request to your site below /olddirectory will bee redirected to the new site, with the extra
information in the URL added on. For example, if someone typed in:
http://www.youroldsite.com/olddirecotry/oldfiles/images/image.gif
They would be redirected to:
http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/oldfiles/images/image.gif
This can prove to be extremely powerful if used correctly.
Part 3 - Password Protection
Introduction
Although there are many uses of the .htaccess file, by far the most popular, and probably most
Page 4/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport
5. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
useful, is being able to reliably password-protect directories on websites. Although JavaScript, etc.
can also be used to do this, only .htaccess has total security (as someone must know the password
to get into the directory, there are no 'back doors')
The .htaccess File
Adding password protection to a directory using .htaccess takes two stages. The first part is to add
the appropriate lines to your .htaccess file in the directory you would like to protect. Everything
below this directory will be password protected:
AuthName "Section Name"
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /full/path/to/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
There are a few parts of this which you will need to change for your site. You should replace
"Section Name" with the name of the part of the site you are protecting, e.g. "Members Area".
The /full/parth/to/.htpasswd should be changed to reflect the full server path to the .htpasswd file
(more on this later). If you do not know what the full path to your web space is, contact your system
administrator for details.
The .htpasswd File
Password protecting a directory takes a little more work than any of the other .htaccess functions
because you must also create a file to contain the usernames and passwords that are allowed to
access the site. These should be placed in a file which (by default) should be called .htpasswd. Like
the .htaccess file, this is a file with no name and an 8 letter extension. This can be placed anywhere
within your website (as the passwords are encrypted), but it is advisable to store it outside the web
root so that it is impossible to access it from the web.
Entering Usernames And Passwords
Once you have created your .htpasswd file (you can do this in a standard text editor) you must
enter the usernames and passwords to access the site. They should be entered as follows:
username:password
where the password is the encrypted format of the password. To encrypt the password you will
either need to use one of the pre-made scripts available on the web or write your own. There is a
good username/password service at the KxS site ( http://www.kxs.net/support/htaccess_pw.html )
which will allow you to enter the user name and password and will output it in the correct format.
For multiple users, just add extra lines to your .htpasswd file in the same format as the first. There
are even scripts available for free which will manage the .htpasswd file and will allow automatic
adding/removing of users etc.
Accessing The Site
Page 5/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport
6. https://support.webhostingpad.com/index.php?_m=knowledgebase&_a=viewarticle&kbarticleid=13
When you try to access a site which has been protected by .htaccess, your browser will pop up a
standard username/password dialog box. If you don't like this, there are certain scripts available
which allow you to embed a username/password box in a website to do the authentication. You can
also send the username and password (unencrypted) in the URL as follows:
http://username:password@www.website.com/directory/
Summary
.htaccess is one of the most useful files a webmaster can use. There are a wide variety of different
uses for it which can save time and increase security on your website.
Page 6/6
Powered By Kayako eSupport