Testing For Unicorns [IMWorld]

Testing For Unicorns
From Unit to Deployment Tests
Alex Soto 
@alexsotob

@alexsotob2
Alex Soto
Red Hat Engineer
www.lordofthejars.com
@alexsotob
Who Am I?

@alexsotob3
https://www.manning.com/books/testing-java-microservices

@alexsotob5
Click to add subtitle
ASSERTIONS

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
public void should_find_composer_by_name() {
// Given:
Composers composers = new Composers();
// When:
final Composer mozart = composers.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
assertEquals("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", mozart.getName());
assertEquals(Era.CLASSICAL, mozart.getEra());
assertEquals(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27), mozart.getBirthdate());
assertEquals(LocalDate.of(1791, 12, 5), mozart.getDied());
}
6

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
6
Readable name

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
6
Readable name
BDD style

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
6
Readable name
BDD style
AssertEquals Order

@alexsotob
JUnit Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
6
Readable name
BDD style
AssertEquals Order
Depends On Equals

@alexsotob7
AssertJ
http://joel-costigliola.github.io/assertj/

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@Test
// Given:
// When:
final Composer mozart = composers.findComposerByName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart”);
// Then:
assertThat(mozart.getName()).isEqualTo("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart”);
assertThat(mozart).returns("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart", Composer::getName);
assertThat(mozart.getBirthdate()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27));
assertThat(mozart).isEqualToComparingFieldByField(expectedMozart);
assertThat(mozart).isEqualToIgnoringNullFields(expectedMozart);
}
8

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
8
Static Import

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
8
Static Import
Readable Assertions

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
8
Static Import
Readable Assertions
Not Depending on
Equals

@alexsotob
AssertJ Test Collections
@Test
public void should_find_operas_by_composer_name() {
// Given:
// When:
final List<Opera> operas = composers.findOperasByComposerName("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
// Then:
assertThat(operas)
.hasSize(2)
.extracting(Opera::getName)
.containsExactlyInAnyOrder("Die Zauberflöte", "Don Giovanni”);
}
9

@alexsotob
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
assertThat(operas)
.hasSize(2)
}
9
Train Call (IDE
support)

@alexsotob
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
assertThat(operas)
.hasSize(2)
}
9
Train Call (IDE
support) Create List with
getName Result

@alexsotob
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
assertThat(operas)
.hasSize(2)
}
9
Train Call (IDE
support) Create List with
getName Result
Methods for String

@alexsotob
AssertJ Soft Assertions
@Test
public void should_find_composer_by_name_soft_assertions() {
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
softly.assertThat(mozart.getName()).isEqualTo("Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart");
softly.assertThat(mozart.getEra()).isEqualTo(Era.CLASSICAL);
softly.assertThat(mozart.getBirthdate()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1756, 1, 27));
softly.assertThat(mozart.getDied()).isEqualTo(LocalDate.of(1791, 12, 5));
});
}
10

@alexsotob
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
});
}
10
Java 8 Lambda

@alexsotob
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
});
}
10
Java 8 Lambda
All assertions in Block

@alexsotob11
Don’t Sleep, Just Wait

@alexsotob
Asynchronous Call
@Test
public void should_play_operas() throws InterruptedException {
// Given:
final Opera nozzeDiFigaro = ...;
Gramophone gramophone = new Gramophone();
// When:
gramophone.play(nozzeDiFigaro);
// Then:
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
assertThat(gramophone.getCurrentOpera()).isEqualTo(nozzeDiFigaro);
}
12

@alexsotob
Asynchronous Call
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
12
Asynchronous Call

@alexsotob
Asynchronous Call
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
12
Asynchronous Call
Slowest Machine Time

@alexsotob13
https://github.com/awaitility/awaitility

@alexsotob
Awaitility Example
@Test
public void should_play_operas_version_2() {
// Given:
final Opera nozzeDiFigaro = Composers.OperaFactory
.createOpera("Le Nozze di Figaro")
.language(Language.ITALIAN).librettist("Lorenzo Da Ponte")
.roles("Count Almaviva", "Countess Rosina", "Susanna", "Figaro")
.build();
// When:
// Then:
await().atMost(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS).until(gramophone::isPlaying);
}
14

@alexsotob
Awaitility Example
@Test
// Given:
.build();
// When:
// Then:
}
14
Asynchronous Call

@alexsotob
Awaitility Example
@Test
// Given:
.build();
// When:
// Then:
}
14
Asynchronous Call
Polls until True or Timeout

@alexsotob
Deadlock Detection
Different Pollings
Fixed, Fibonacci, Iterative, Custom
Simple Library
No dependencies, No magic
Beneﬁts of Awaitility
15

@alexsotob
GET /Ludwig+van+Beethoven
{
"name": "Ludwig van Beethoven",
"era": "ROMANTIC",
"birthdate": {},
"died": {},
"operas": [
{
"name": "Fidelio",
"librettist": "Georg Friedrich Treitschke",
"language": "GERMAN",
"roles": ["Rocco", "Leonore", "Florestan"]
}
]
}
17

@alexsotob
{
"era": "ROMANTIC",
"birthdate": {},
"died": {},
"operas": [
{
"name": "Fidelio",
}
]
}
17
Simple Objects

@alexsotob
{
"era": "ROMANTIC",
"birthdate": {},
"died": {},
"operas": [
{
"name": "Fidelio",
}
]
}
17
Simple Objects
Array of Objects

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
public void should_find_composer() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
// Given:
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/");
uriBuilder.setPath("Ludwig van Beethoven");
// When:
final Content bodyContent = Request.Get(uriBuilder.build())
.execute().returnContent();
String body = bodyContent.asString();
// Then:
assertThat(body).contains(""name":"Ludwig van Beethoven"")
.contains(""librettist":"Georg Friedrich Treitschke"");
}
18

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
18
Prepare Connection

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
18
Prepare Connection
Do connection

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
18
Prepare Connection
Do connection
Get content

@alexsotob
HttpClient Example
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
18
Prepare Connection
Do connection
Get content
Manipulate String

@alexsotob19
http://rest-assured.io/

@alexsotob
REST-assured Example
@Test
public void should_find_composer() {
given()
.when()
.get("{composer}", "Ludwig van Beethoven")
.then()
.assertThat()
.body("name", is("Ludwig van Beethoven"))
.body("operas.size()", is(1))
.body("operas.name", hasItems("Fidelio"));
}
20

@alexsotob
@Test
given()
.when()
.then()
.assertThat()
}
20
GET Http Method with
Placeholders

@alexsotob
@Test
given()
.when()
.then()
.assertThat()
}
20
GET Http Method with
Placeholders
GPath Expression

@alexsotob
REST-assured Request Speciﬁcation
.get("http://example.com/{composer}", "Ludwig van Beethoven")
RequestSpecBuilder builder = new RequestSpecBuilder();
builder.setBaseUri("http://example.com");
given().spec(builder.build())...
21

@alexsotob
21
Use domain directly

@alexsotob
21
Use domain directly
Use Spec Builder

@alexsotob
21
Use domain directly
Use Spec Builder
Reuse Everywhere

@alexsotob
REST-assured Auth
given().auth().oauth2(accessToken).when()...
given().auth().form("John", "Doe", springSecurity().withCsrfFieldName("_csrf")).when()...
given().auth().basic("username", "password").when()...
22

@alexsotob
Custom Parsers
Not just JSON and XML
SSL Support
.relaxedHTTPSValidation()
Filters
Input/Output modiﬁcation
JSON Schema Validation
Content not Important
More Features
of Rest-Assured
23

@alexsotob24
(Micro) Services Dependencies

@alexsotob
Network Down
Service Down
Limits on API
Component Not in Control
Micro-Services Dependencies Hell
Problems with Services
25

@alexsotob
Mock Http Component
Stub/Fake Http Server
Service Virtualization
Possible Solutions
26

@alexsotob27
Service Virtualization

@alexsotob
Service Virtualization Capture Mode
28
Service A External Network Service B
Scripts
Proxy

@alexsotob
Service Virtualization Simulate Mode
29
Service A External Network Service B
Scripts
Proxy

@alexsotob30
https://hoverﬂy.io/

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
public static HoverflyRule hoverflyRule =
HoverflyRule.inCaptureOrSimulationMode("getcomposers.json");
@Test
public void should_get_composers_from_composers_microservice() {
// Given:
ComposersGateway composersGateway = new ComposersGateway("operas.com", 8081);
// When:
Composer composer = composersGateway.getComposer("Ludwig van Beethoven");
// Then:
assertThat(composer.getName()).isEqualTo("Ludwig van Beethoven");
}
31

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
31
Start Hoverﬂy

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
31
Start Hoverﬂy
Use Real Host

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
31
Start Hoverﬂy
Use Real Host
Get Data from Real

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
31
Start Hoverﬂy
Use Real Host
Get Data from Real
{
"data" : {
"pairs" : [{
"request" : {
"path" : "/Ludwig van Beethoven",
"method" : "GET",
"destination" : “operas.com:8081",
...
}
"response" : {
"status" : 200,
"body" : "{"name":"Ludwig van Beethoven",}",
"encodedBody" : false,
"headers" : {
"Connection" : [ "keep-alive" ],
...
}
}
}
}

@alexsotob
Hoverﬂy Example
@ClassRule
@Test
// Given:
// When:
// Then:
}
31
Start Hoverﬂy
Use Real Host
Get Data from Proxy

@alexsotob32
Containers Are Burning

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker build -t myorg/myservice:1.0.0 .
docker run --rm -ti -p 8080:8080 myorg/myservice:1.0.0
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
33

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
33
Docker Run

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
33
Docker Run
Docker Compose Run

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
33
Docker Run
Docker Compose Run
Run tests

@alexsotob
Testing Containers
docker-compose up
mvn clean test
docker-compose stop
33
Docker Run
Docker Compose Run
Run tests
Stop Docker Containers

@alexsotob34
http://arquillian.org/arquillian-cube/

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube Example
@RunWith(Arquillian.class)
public class HelloWorldTest {
@ArquillianResource
@DockerUrl(containerName = "helloworld", exposedPort = 8080)
RequestSpecBuilder requestSpecBuilder;
@Test
public void should_receive_ok_message() {
RestAssured
.given()
.spec(requestSpecBuilder.build())
.when()
.get()
.then()
.assertThat().body("status", equalTo("OK"));
}
}
35

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@Test
RestAssured
.given()
.when()
.get()
.then()
}
}
35
Arquillian Runner

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@Test
RestAssured
.given()
.when()
.get()
.then()
}
}
35
Arquillian Runner
REST-Assured Integration
Environment Resolver

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@Test
RestAssured
.given()
.when()
.get()
.then()
}
}
35
Arquillian Runner
Normal REST-Assured Call

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@Test
RestAssured
.given()
.when()
.get()
.then()
}
}
35
Arquillian Runner
Normal REST-Assured Call
helloworld:
image: jonmorehouse/ping-pong
ports:
- "8080:8080"
src/test/docker/docker-compose.yml

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = PingPongController.class, webEnvironment = RANDOM_PORT)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = PingPongSpringBootTest.Initializer.class)
public class PingPongSpringBootTest {
@ClassRule
public static ContainerDslRule redis = new ContainerDslRule("redis:3.2.6")
.withPortBinding(6379);
@Autowired
TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void should_get_data_from_redis() {
}
36

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@ClassRule
@Autowired
@Test
}
36
Spring Boot Test

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@ClassRule
@Autowired
@Test
}
36
Spring Boot Test
Custom Initializer

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@ClassRule
@Autowired
@Test
}
36
Spring Boot Test
Custom Initializer
Container Deﬁnition

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@ClassRule
@Autowired
@Test
}
36
Spring Boot Test
Custom Initializer
public static class Initializer implements
ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment("testcontainers",
configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment(),
"spring.redis.host=" + redis.getIpAddress(),
"spring.redis.port=" + redis.getBindPort(6379)
);

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube DSL
@ClassRule
@Autowired
@Test
}
36
Spring Boot Test
Custom Initializer
public static class Initializer implements
ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) {
EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment("testcontainers",
configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment(),
"spring.redis.host=" + redis.getIpAddress(),
"spring.redis.port=" + redis.getBindPort(6379)
);
Sets Container Environment

@alexsotob
Arquillian Cube K8S/OpenShift
@ArquillianResource
KubernetesClient client;
@Named("hello-world-service")
@PortForward
@ArquillianResource
URL url;
@Test
public void testRunningPodStaysUp() throws Exception {
assertThat(client).deployments().pods().isPodReadyForPeriod();
}
}
37

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@PortForward
@ArquillianResource
URL url;
@Test
}
}
37
Kubernetes Client

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@PortForward
@ArquillianResource
URL url;
@Test
}
}
37
Kubernetes Client
URL to Access Service

@alexsotob
@ArquillianResource
@PortForward
@ArquillianResource
URL url;
@Test
}
}
37
Kubernetes Client
URL to Access Service
AssertJ Custom Assertions

@alexsotob38
Smart Testing
http://arquillian.org/smart-testing/

@alexsotob39
Production Sources Tests
https://martinfowler.com/articles/rise-test-impact-analysis.html

@alexsotob
Smart Testing Maven Extension
curl -sSL https://git.io/v5jy6 | bash
40

@alexsotob
40
Installs extension

@alexsotob
40
Installs extension
mvn clean test -Dsmart.testing="new, changed, affected"

@alexsotob
40
Installs extension
Runs ONLY new, changed and prod related tests

@alexsotob
40
Installs extension
mvn clean test -Dsmart.testing.mode=ordering -Dsmart.testing="new, changed, affected”

@alexsotob
40
Installs extension
mvn clean test -Dsmart.testing.mode=ordering -Dsmart.testing="new, changed, affected”
Prioritize new, changed and prod related tests

@alexsotob41
Let’s Wind Down

@alexsotob
From Low to High Level
Unit, Component, Integration, Deployment
Not Just for Micro-Services
Same can be reused for monolithic
Improves Readability
Tests are meant to be read
Conclusions
42
Deployment Velocity
From week to several times per day

@alexsotob43
Keep Calm
And Write Tests

Testing For Unicorns [IMWorld]

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