Tess of the D'Urbervilles uses landscape and nature symbols to represent Tess's journey of faith. The novel describes the rural English countryside where Tess grows up. Nature and the sun in particular represent divine forces that witness Tess's life. Tess loses her innocence but finds fleeting happiness at Talbothays Dairy, represented as a pastoral Eden. Her faith in love is tested when her husband rejects her for her past. Though condemned by society, Tess emerges as a Christ-like figure who sacrifices herself, suggesting love and forgiveness are higher virtues than rigid morality.
This document summarizes several key themes in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles:
- Tess represents the split between traditional rural culture and the more "refined" educated class of the Victorian era.
- The novel explores themes of memory and the past, fate versus free will, humanity's relationship with nature, women and femininity, justice and judgment, and the contrast between rural and industrial regions in 19th century England.
- Tess is continually punished despite not being responsible for her own actions, raising questions about justice that the reader is left to consider.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy about the destruction of the English peasantry in the 19th century. While the story focuses on Tess's tragedy, it is used as a symbol of how the old way of life for peasants was painfully destroyed. Chance and coincidence play a major role in the unfolding of events in Tess's life. Though she loses her physical purity, Tess remains pure of heart and nature. However, her overly sensitive nature and inability to act decisively contribute to her becoming a victim of tragedy.
Tess is a girl from a working class family who is sent to a wealthy relative to get money or marry well. However, she is taken advantage of by Alec d'Urberville and returns home ruined. She later falls in love with Angel Clare but their marriage is troubled when he learns of her past. The novel explores themes of nature, sexuality, and fate through the character of Tess.
The group analyzed passages from Tess of the D'Urbervilles that depict Tess's journey from innocence to experience. They focused on Hardy's use of language and literary devices to explore this theme. Some of the main findings were:
- Hardy uses natural imagery and symbolism to reflect changes in Tess's innocence and purity.
- Religious references and allusions to the Bible show how Tess loses her faith and morality as she experiences hardships.
- Descriptions of the agricultural setting and Tess's work reflect her loss of innocence as she takes on adult responsibilities.
- Seasonal changes parallel transformations
This document provides an overview and introduction to the characters in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles. It describes Tess as the central character, an intelligent and attractive young woman living in a late 19th century English village. It introduces the main male characters she interacts with - Alec d'Urbervilles, a wealthy man who takes advantage of her; Angel Clare, a farmer with whom she falls in love; and her father, John Durbeyfield. The document gives brief descriptions of each character and their roles in the plot of the novel.
The tragic vision in the Tess of the D’urbervillesMecnun Genç
The document discusses the elements of tragedy in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles. It notes that the novel has a naturalist style, exploring how social conditions, heredity and environment shape people. Two other tragic elements are pessimism, as Tess lacks hope for a good future, and the inevitability of death. However, the greatest tragic element is fate, which heavily influences the events of Tess's life.
This document discusses themes from Thomas Hardy's novel "Tess of the D'Urbervilles". It outlines several key themes: 1) fate versus free will and how Tess is subjected to forces beyond her control, 2) male predominance and sexual harassment exemplified through Alec's harassment of Tess, and 3) the conflict between tradition and modernism seen through changes in farming techniques. Additional themes covered include prejudice, the lure of money, and a struggle between knowledge and ignorance. The document provides details on these themes through examples and passages from the novel.
This document summarizes several key themes in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles:
- Tess represents the split between traditional rural culture and the more "refined" educated class of the Victorian era.
- The novel explores themes of memory and the past, fate versus free will, humanity's relationship with nature, women and femininity, justice and judgment, and the contrast between rural and industrial regions in 19th century England.
- Tess is continually punished despite not being responsible for her own actions, raising questions about justice that the reader is left to consider.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy about the destruction of the English peasantry in the 19th century. While the story focuses on Tess's tragedy, it is used as a symbol of how the old way of life for peasants was painfully destroyed. Chance and coincidence play a major role in the unfolding of events in Tess's life. Though she loses her physical purity, Tess remains pure of heart and nature. However, her overly sensitive nature and inability to act decisively contribute to her becoming a victim of tragedy.
Tess is a girl from a working class family who is sent to a wealthy relative to get money or marry well. However, she is taken advantage of by Alec d'Urberville and returns home ruined. She later falls in love with Angel Clare but their marriage is troubled when he learns of her past. The novel explores themes of nature, sexuality, and fate through the character of Tess.
The group analyzed passages from Tess of the D'Urbervilles that depict Tess's journey from innocence to experience. They focused on Hardy's use of language and literary devices to explore this theme. Some of the main findings were:
- Hardy uses natural imagery and symbolism to reflect changes in Tess's innocence and purity.
- Religious references and allusions to the Bible show how Tess loses her faith and morality as she experiences hardships.
- Descriptions of the agricultural setting and Tess's work reflect her loss of innocence as she takes on adult responsibilities.
- Seasonal changes parallel transformations
This document provides an overview and introduction to the characters in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles. It describes Tess as the central character, an intelligent and attractive young woman living in a late 19th century English village. It introduces the main male characters she interacts with - Alec d'Urbervilles, a wealthy man who takes advantage of her; Angel Clare, a farmer with whom she falls in love; and her father, John Durbeyfield. The document gives brief descriptions of each character and their roles in the plot of the novel.
The tragic vision in the Tess of the D’urbervillesMecnun Genç
The document discusses the elements of tragedy in Thomas Hardy's novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles. It notes that the novel has a naturalist style, exploring how social conditions, heredity and environment shape people. Two other tragic elements are pessimism, as Tess lacks hope for a good future, and the inevitability of death. However, the greatest tragic element is fate, which heavily influences the events of Tess's life.
This document discusses themes from Thomas Hardy's novel "Tess of the D'Urbervilles". It outlines several key themes: 1) fate versus free will and how Tess is subjected to forces beyond her control, 2) male predominance and sexual harassment exemplified through Alec's harassment of Tess, and 3) the conflict between tradition and modernism seen through changes in farming techniques. Additional themes covered include prejudice, the lure of money, and a struggle between knowledge and ignorance. The document provides details on these themes through examples and passages from the novel.
Thomas Hardy was a famous Victorian author born in 1840 in England. Some of his most notable works include Far From the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, and Tess of the D'Urbevilles. Tess of the D'Urbevilles tells the story of Tess Durbeyfield, who is seduced as a young girl by the wealthy Alec D'Urberville. She later falls in love with Angel Clare, but her past impacts their relationship. The novel depicts the hardships of the agricultural lifestyle and the strict morality of the Victorian era. It uses deterministic themes and realistic descriptions to tell a tragic story of a woman oppressed by her circumstances and society.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles - Quotes and Analysis - Phase 2Bradhall13
- Hardy is evoking biblical references to portray Tess's loss of innocence after learning about the harsh realities of the world, similar to Eve eating the forbidden fruit.
- Tess sees herself as a figure of guilt for losing her virginity outside of marriage, though she feels more comfortable in nature which has no such social laws or judgments.
- As Tess begins to come to terms with her situation, her baby suddenly takes ill, representing the emotional rollercoaster she is experiencing in this difficult time of her life.
THOMAS HARDY AND HIS PHILOSOPHY TO A LARGE PART WITH THE DISCOVERY OF TRUTH- ...Rituparna Ray Chaudhuri
This document provides an overview and analysis of Thomas Hardy's novel The Return of the Native. It discusses key characters such as Eustacia Vye and Clym Yeobright and their relationships. It also analyzes Hardy's portrayal of Egdon Heath, describing it as a symbol of inhumanity that dominates and conditions the human characters. The document examines Hardy's naturalist approach and compares him to other modern novelists who aimed to reproduce "slices of life" determined by heredity and environment rather than free will.
Tess as a tragedy includes basic information according to the Aristotle's tragedy, its specific genre, feactures and flaws in major characters with textual references and examples.
The Return of the Native by Thomas HardyMonir Hossen
Thomas Hardy's sixth novel, The Return of the Native, follows a tangled web of lovers on Egdon Heath. Damon Wildeve orchestrates a marriage delay to pursue Eustacia Vye, but she becomes interested in Clym Yeobright upon his return. They marry despite his mother's objections. Their marriage sours as Eustacia renews her affair with Wildeve. A series of tragic events, including Mrs. Yeobright's death and Eustacia and Wildeve's drowning, leaves Clym broken and Thomasin married to Diggory Venn.
The document discusses two common female stereotypes in Gothic literature - the trembling victim and the predatory femme fatale. The trembling victim is frail, innocent, and in need of saving. The predatory femme fatale is dangerous and sexually threatening. Gothic novels also began expressing more diverse female roles, particularly through expressing intense feelings that heighten terror. Catherine in Wuthering Heights is used as an example, expressing her tormented feelings at the thought of death surrounded by those who despise her. Ambivalence is at the heart of reading Gothic fiction, as female characters can be seen as fantasies of escape or emancipated women. The mother figure is also discussed as another stereotype that can be mon
Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet known for his naturalist works set in his native Dorset. Some key themes in his fiction included the struggles of characters against their passions and circumstances in rural countryside settings. He drew from the oral folklore tradition of Dorset in works like Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. Hardy also critiqued Victorian society, particularly regarding the role and treatment of women. Though from humble origins, he became a renowned author through his realistic portrayals of rural life and tragedies faced by ordinary people.
Wuthering Heights explores two parallel love stories set against the backdrop of 19th century English society. The first centers on the intense but doomed passion between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, whose love challenges social conventions. The second depicts the more harmonious love between Catherine and Hareton that restores order. Key themes are the precarious social status of the gentry class and the conflict between the wild, passionate nature embodied by the Earnshaws versus the refinement represented by the Lintons and Thrushcross Grange.
Emily Brontë was born in 1818 in Yorkshire, England. She was homeschooled along with her siblings after losing her mother at a young age and her sisters dying in a horrific boarding school. Emily and her siblings created imaginary worlds to cope with their isolation, including Angria which she created with Charlotte, and Gondal which she created with Anne. Emily tried teaching but found it too restrictive and returned home. She published her only novel Wuthering Heights in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell before dying of tuberculosis the following year. The novel explores themes of love, revenge, and the clash between nature and culture set against the backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.
Jane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction set among the landed gentry earned her widespread acclaim. Her novels, including Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, are renowned for their realism, social commentary, and witty critique of 18th century literature. Austen is considered one of the great pioneers of modern interiorized novels focused on character development.
The repetitions in Wuthering Heights are complex and serve multiple purposes. They emphasize key ideas, show the struggle for identity across generations, highlight both similarities and differences between characters, illustrate what has been lost, and reveal that similar situations can have different outcomes depending on human values. Overall, the repetitions reflect the complex and ambiguous nature of the characters, relationships, and themes in this Gothic novel.
Egdon Heath plays a central role in Thomas Hardy's novel The Return of the Native. The heath influences the characters and their actions. It helps some characters like Venn while frustrating the plans of others, like Eustacia who sees it as her prison. The heath is also symbolic, representing the indifferent forces of nature. Events unfold on the heath, and it even contributes directly to deaths. Overall, Egdon Heath is presented as a living, influential character that helps determine the destiny and tragedy in the novel.
This summary analyzes the dual narration in Wuthering Heights through the lens of Nelly's narrative voice. It identifies that Nelly's voice takes on different tones and styles, from her own colloquial and opinionated speech to a more impersonal and objective third-person narration of events. This shifting narrative style within Nelly's telling of the story highlights the partial and subjective nature of any single narrator, and suggests the reader must consider multiple perspectives to understand the full truth of the novel.
Emily Bronte was one of four siblings - three sisters and one brother - who were all writers. As children, they created imaginary worlds and societies in their writings. Emily went on to write Wuthering Heights, set on the Yorkshire Moors near her family home. The novel depicts the all-consuming loves and hatreds between the residents of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It examines the harshness of the isolated moorland setting and the impacts of childhood experiences and class divisions on the characters. The frame story is told through the eyes of the tenant Lockwood, who experiences the volatile temperaments of the Wuthering Heights household during his stay.
Jane Austen was born in 1775 in Hampshire, England. She came from a large family and was educated briefly at a school in Oxford until age 10. She enjoyed writing plays and novels from a young age. Some of her major works included Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma. Although her novels were published anonymously, she gained popularity among readers such as the Prince Regent. Austen drew from her own experiences in rural England and settings such as Bath in her novels of manners that satirized society and courtship conventions of the time. She sadly passed away in 1817 at the age of 41.
Jane Austen was born in 1775 in England and wrote famous novels such as Pride and Prejudice and Emma. She used techniques such as parody, burlesque, and irony in her writing to satirize popular 18th century genres and point out issues with how women were portrayed. In Persuasion, for example, she subtly criticizes characters like Sir Walter Elliot. The story follows Anne Elliot, who broke off her engagement years ago due to her family's disapproval. When her former fiancé Captain Wentworth returns, their feelings are rekindled and they reunite in the end. Austen brought realism and feminism to her portrayals of everyday life and the female experience.
The document provides a book review and analysis of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. It summarizes the plot, setting, themes of pride and social class, characters, and Austen's criticism of the gender injustices faced by women in 19th century English society. The review examines how the characters of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy overcome their initial pride and prejudices to find love.
This document provides a summary of the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It describes the main character, Hester Prynne, who is punished for adultery by being forced to wear a scarlet "A" and is ostracized by her community. Over time, the scarlet letter comes to represent Hester's strength and good works helping others, rather than her shame. The document also analyzes Hester as a dynamic character who remains strong despite her punishment, and discusses how she is initially ashamed of her sin but later wears the scarlet letter with courage.
To Kill A Mockingbird Theme, Motifs, Symbolstranceking
The document summarizes key themes, motifs, and symbols in the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird". The major themes explored are the coexistence of good and evil, the importance of moral education, and the existence of social inequality in the town of Maycomb. Gothic details and small-town life are described as important motifs. Mockingbirds and Boo Radley are examined as significant symbols representing innocence.
The document discusses the five pillars of Islam: Shahadah (testifying to creed), Salat (offering daily prayers), Zakat (paying charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). It explains the significance and benefits of each pillar, which are acts of worship intended to strengthen a Muslim's faith and spiritual development through both individual and collective observance. The five pillars provide a framework for cultivating spirituality and balancing the three dimensions of Islamic faith: belief, practice, and spiritual excellence.
Thomas Hardy was a famous Victorian author born in 1840 in England. Some of his most notable works include Far From the Madding Crowd, The Return of the Native, and Tess of the D'Urbevilles. Tess of the D'Urbevilles tells the story of Tess Durbeyfield, who is seduced as a young girl by the wealthy Alec D'Urberville. She later falls in love with Angel Clare, but her past impacts their relationship. The novel depicts the hardships of the agricultural lifestyle and the strict morality of the Victorian era. It uses deterministic themes and realistic descriptions to tell a tragic story of a woman oppressed by her circumstances and society.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles - Quotes and Analysis - Phase 2Bradhall13
- Hardy is evoking biblical references to portray Tess's loss of innocence after learning about the harsh realities of the world, similar to Eve eating the forbidden fruit.
- Tess sees herself as a figure of guilt for losing her virginity outside of marriage, though she feels more comfortable in nature which has no such social laws or judgments.
- As Tess begins to come to terms with her situation, her baby suddenly takes ill, representing the emotional rollercoaster she is experiencing in this difficult time of her life.
THOMAS HARDY AND HIS PHILOSOPHY TO A LARGE PART WITH THE DISCOVERY OF TRUTH- ...Rituparna Ray Chaudhuri
This document provides an overview and analysis of Thomas Hardy's novel The Return of the Native. It discusses key characters such as Eustacia Vye and Clym Yeobright and their relationships. It also analyzes Hardy's portrayal of Egdon Heath, describing it as a symbol of inhumanity that dominates and conditions the human characters. The document examines Hardy's naturalist approach and compares him to other modern novelists who aimed to reproduce "slices of life" determined by heredity and environment rather than free will.
Tess as a tragedy includes basic information according to the Aristotle's tragedy, its specific genre, feactures and flaws in major characters with textual references and examples.
The Return of the Native by Thomas HardyMonir Hossen
Thomas Hardy's sixth novel, The Return of the Native, follows a tangled web of lovers on Egdon Heath. Damon Wildeve orchestrates a marriage delay to pursue Eustacia Vye, but she becomes interested in Clym Yeobright upon his return. They marry despite his mother's objections. Their marriage sours as Eustacia renews her affair with Wildeve. A series of tragic events, including Mrs. Yeobright's death and Eustacia and Wildeve's drowning, leaves Clym broken and Thomasin married to Diggory Venn.
The document discusses two common female stereotypes in Gothic literature - the trembling victim and the predatory femme fatale. The trembling victim is frail, innocent, and in need of saving. The predatory femme fatale is dangerous and sexually threatening. Gothic novels also began expressing more diverse female roles, particularly through expressing intense feelings that heighten terror. Catherine in Wuthering Heights is used as an example, expressing her tormented feelings at the thought of death surrounded by those who despise her. Ambivalence is at the heart of reading Gothic fiction, as female characters can be seen as fantasies of escape or emancipated women. The mother figure is also discussed as another stereotype that can be mon
Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet known for his naturalist works set in his native Dorset. Some key themes in his fiction included the struggles of characters against their passions and circumstances in rural countryside settings. He drew from the oral folklore tradition of Dorset in works like Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. Hardy also critiqued Victorian society, particularly regarding the role and treatment of women. Though from humble origins, he became a renowned author through his realistic portrayals of rural life and tragedies faced by ordinary people.
Wuthering Heights explores two parallel love stories set against the backdrop of 19th century English society. The first centers on the intense but doomed passion between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, whose love challenges social conventions. The second depicts the more harmonious love between Catherine and Hareton that restores order. Key themes are the precarious social status of the gentry class and the conflict between the wild, passionate nature embodied by the Earnshaws versus the refinement represented by the Lintons and Thrushcross Grange.
Emily Brontë was born in 1818 in Yorkshire, England. She was homeschooled along with her siblings after losing her mother at a young age and her sisters dying in a horrific boarding school. Emily and her siblings created imaginary worlds to cope with their isolation, including Angria which she created with Charlotte, and Gondal which she created with Anne. Emily tried teaching but found it too restrictive and returned home. She published her only novel Wuthering Heights in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell before dying of tuberculosis the following year. The novel explores themes of love, revenge, and the clash between nature and culture set against the backdrop of the Yorkshire moors.
Jane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction set among the landed gentry earned her widespread acclaim. Her novels, including Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, are renowned for their realism, social commentary, and witty critique of 18th century literature. Austen is considered one of the great pioneers of modern interiorized novels focused on character development.
The repetitions in Wuthering Heights are complex and serve multiple purposes. They emphasize key ideas, show the struggle for identity across generations, highlight both similarities and differences between characters, illustrate what has been lost, and reveal that similar situations can have different outcomes depending on human values. Overall, the repetitions reflect the complex and ambiguous nature of the characters, relationships, and themes in this Gothic novel.
Egdon Heath plays a central role in Thomas Hardy's novel The Return of the Native. The heath influences the characters and their actions. It helps some characters like Venn while frustrating the plans of others, like Eustacia who sees it as her prison. The heath is also symbolic, representing the indifferent forces of nature. Events unfold on the heath, and it even contributes directly to deaths. Overall, Egdon Heath is presented as a living, influential character that helps determine the destiny and tragedy in the novel.
This summary analyzes the dual narration in Wuthering Heights through the lens of Nelly's narrative voice. It identifies that Nelly's voice takes on different tones and styles, from her own colloquial and opinionated speech to a more impersonal and objective third-person narration of events. This shifting narrative style within Nelly's telling of the story highlights the partial and subjective nature of any single narrator, and suggests the reader must consider multiple perspectives to understand the full truth of the novel.
Emily Bronte was one of four siblings - three sisters and one brother - who were all writers. As children, they created imaginary worlds and societies in their writings. Emily went on to write Wuthering Heights, set on the Yorkshire Moors near her family home. The novel depicts the all-consuming loves and hatreds between the residents of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It examines the harshness of the isolated moorland setting and the impacts of childhood experiences and class divisions on the characters. The frame story is told through the eyes of the tenant Lockwood, who experiences the volatile temperaments of the Wuthering Heights household during his stay.
Jane Austen was born in 1775 in Hampshire, England. She came from a large family and was educated briefly at a school in Oxford until age 10. She enjoyed writing plays and novels from a young age. Some of her major works included Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma. Although her novels were published anonymously, she gained popularity among readers such as the Prince Regent. Austen drew from her own experiences in rural England and settings such as Bath in her novels of manners that satirized society and courtship conventions of the time. She sadly passed away in 1817 at the age of 41.
Jane Austen was born in 1775 in England and wrote famous novels such as Pride and Prejudice and Emma. She used techniques such as parody, burlesque, and irony in her writing to satirize popular 18th century genres and point out issues with how women were portrayed. In Persuasion, for example, she subtly criticizes characters like Sir Walter Elliot. The story follows Anne Elliot, who broke off her engagement years ago due to her family's disapproval. When her former fiancé Captain Wentworth returns, their feelings are rekindled and they reunite in the end. Austen brought realism and feminism to her portrayals of everyday life and the female experience.
The document provides a book review and analysis of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. It summarizes the plot, setting, themes of pride and social class, characters, and Austen's criticism of the gender injustices faced by women in 19th century English society. The review examines how the characters of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy overcome their initial pride and prejudices to find love.
This document provides a summary of the novel "The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It describes the main character, Hester Prynne, who is punished for adultery by being forced to wear a scarlet "A" and is ostracized by her community. Over time, the scarlet letter comes to represent Hester's strength and good works helping others, rather than her shame. The document also analyzes Hester as a dynamic character who remains strong despite her punishment, and discusses how she is initially ashamed of her sin but later wears the scarlet letter with courage.
To Kill A Mockingbird Theme, Motifs, Symbolstranceking
The document summarizes key themes, motifs, and symbols in the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird". The major themes explored are the coexistence of good and evil, the importance of moral education, and the existence of social inequality in the town of Maycomb. Gothic details and small-town life are described as important motifs. Mockingbirds and Boo Radley are examined as significant symbols representing innocence.
The document discusses the five pillars of Islam: Shahadah (testifying to creed), Salat (offering daily prayers), Zakat (paying charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). It explains the significance and benefits of each pillar, which are acts of worship intended to strengthen a Muslim's faith and spiritual development through both individual and collective observance. The five pillars provide a framework for cultivating spirituality and balancing the three dimensions of Islamic faith: belief, practice, and spiritual excellence.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key Islamic terms and beliefs. It discusses the seven fundamental beliefs in Islam which include belief in Allah as the sole Creator and God, angels, prophets, revealed books, Qadar (divine decree), and the Day of Judgment. It also summarizes beliefs about Allah's attributes, prominent angels, prophets, revealed books, the importance of following Prophet Muhammad's example, and why belief in the afterlife and accountability is rational and important for guiding conduct in life.
The document discusses Jesus Christ as the divine healer. It describes the blue color of the Foursquare flag as representing Jesus as the Great Physician who came from heaven to heal. It also discusses the cup symbol used in the Foursquare logo as representing divine healing through prayer and anointing with oil. The document outlines the Foursquare beliefs around divine healing through the power of Jesus Christ to heal in response to prayer, citing examples from the Bible.
This document provides an overview of Catholic Church organization and teachings about Jesus as healer. It describes Jesus' ministry and miracles, the establishment of the papacy and hierarchy through Saint Peter and the apostles, and sacraments like reconciliation, anointing of the sick, and Eucharist that continue Jesus' healing work. Key figures like the Pope, bishops, priests, and various religious orders are also defined in the context of continuing Jesus' message.
How to Perform Hajj Tips, Advice, and Descriptionbrighteyes
The document provides information about the Hajj pilgrimage in Islam. It defines Hajj and discusses its pillars and obligations. It explains the different types of pilgrimages (Hajj, Umrah, Hajj Ifrad, Hajj Qiran, Hajj Tamattu). It also outlines health, safety and packing tips for those performing the pilgrimage and lists forbidden acts while in a state of Ihram.
Islam's central belief is the oneness of God, known as Allah. Major practices include daily prayers performed five times a day, fasting during Ramadan, and visiting mosques for worship. Mosques and the Kaaba in Mecca are sacred places. Symbols of Islam include the star and crescent and Shahadatain. Special celebrations are held for births, Eid-ul-Fitr after Ramadan, and Eid ul-Udh-ha during the hajj pilgrimage.
Jesus performed numerous miracles that were witnessed by thousands and recorded by believers and non-believers alike. These miracles included healing people of various illnesses and injuries, walking on water, feeding large crowds with few resources, and resurrecting the dead. The document lists over 20 specific miracles performed by Jesus that are recorded in the New Testament, providing evidence of his divinity through supernatural acts with many eyewitnesses.
This document discusses the meaning and types of fellowship according to the Bible. It defines fellowship as a friendly relationship among people who share similar interests or a partnership. The Bible describes three types of fellowship: fellowship with God the Father and Jesus Christ, fellowship with Jesus Christ through salvation, and fellowship with other believers through sharing in the same salvation. The document warns against having fellowship with evil or the works of darkness. It describes fellowship with believers as sharing in the salvation of Jesus Christ. Expressions of fellowship mentioned include sharing in doctrine, breaking bread, prayers, and sharing in the gospel.
Bible Alive Jesus Christ 008: “The Kingdom of God II--Miracles and Message”BibleAlive
The document provides an overview of the key messages and themes from a class on the Kingdom of God based on Jesus' teachings. It discusses how Jesus' message was that the Kingdom of God is at hand, which was different than the violent end times expected by Jews. It explores Jesus' use of parables like the banquet to convey the Kingdom, and how his love was "stupid" and "incomprehensible" in forgiving and showing compassion towards all.
Eating together was an important social and religious ritual in Jesus' time, with prescribed ways of preparing and hosting meals. Jesus' table fellowship challenged social norms by including "sinners and outsiders" and treating women equally, revealing his view of loving neighbors and enemies. The Gospel of Luke includes 10 stories of Jesus sharing meals that demonstrate characteristics of God's kingdom like treating the poor, outcasts, and women with dignity and respect.
Jesus healed many people who came to him suffering from various illnesses and disabilities. He healed the lame, blind, deformed, and mute by curing them when they were brought to him. The crowds were amazed to see these people who were previously unable to speak, walk, or see, now healed. They recognized this as a sign that Jesus had healing powers from God. The document then discusses several specific healing stories from the Bible and examines the factors involved in Jesus' healing ministry, such as faith, belief, humility, and deliverance from evil. It aims to help readers understand Jesus' role as a healer and apply the lessons to their own lives.
Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. The novel tells the story of a lawyer named Atticus Finch who defends a black man, Tom Robinson, accused of raping a white woman in a small Alabama town in the 1930s. Despite being innocent, Tom Robinson is found guilty due to the pervasive racism of the time. The book has been challenged in some schools for its use of profanity and portrayal of racial issues, though others argue it provides an important message about injustice and learning not to judge others unfairly.
Sermon Slide Deck: "How To Enter the Kingdom of God" (Luke 18:15-30)New City Church
To enter the kingdom of God, we must desire the kingdom of God. For where our treasure is, there our heart will be also.
This message was given on November 20, 2016 at New City Church in Calgary by Pastor John Ferguson. For more info, please visit: www.newcitychurch.ca.
Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom of god (1)Angeli Dimaano
Jesus emphasized that the Kingdom of God refers to both God's present rule through Jesus' ministry and God's future fulfillment and decisive action. While Israelites suffered under past rulers, they had faith that God would one day manifest as king and redeem Israel. Jesus taught about both the present dynamic rule of God seen in his works, as well as the future definitive state of salvation yet to come, when God will end evil and establish the new world. His miracles and proclamation showed that the prophesied time of salvation had begun through him, even as the full realization of God's kingdom remains in the future.
What do the Bible says about the Kingdom of God? Is it something that we will see after we died? Is it something that we can experience while we are alive?
The document discusses the mission of Jesus and the early church based on passages from the New Testament. It addresses several key points:
1) Jesus' mission was initially focused on the Jews, but the early church discovered a mission to the Gentiles after the resurrection.
2) Scholars have debated whether Jesus envisioned a mission to Gentiles during his lifetime. Views range from yes, to no but he intended it, to it emerging later from the early church's reflection.
3) The early Christian community defined itself and its mission based on its understanding of Jesus, but there were tensions around whether Gentile converts needed to follow Jewish practices.
4) Figures like Paul expanded the mission by
"To Kill a Mockingbird" Chapters 1-31 NotesLina Ell
Atticus Finch is a widowed lawyer in Maycomb, Alabama who agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman. Scout and Jem Finch are curious about their reclusive neighbor, Arthur "Boo" Radley. They find gifts left in a tree that once connected their yard to the Radley's, suggesting Boo may be leaving them as a kind gesture. Their aunt Alexandra disapproves of Atticus defending Tom and criticizes how Scout is being raised, leading Scout to get in a fight with her cousin. Atticus believes in fairness and due process under the law.
1 general introduction to the new testamentPeter Miles
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3. Blakemore
• Hardy’s description?
• “The village of Marlott lay amid the north-eastern undulations of the
beautiful Vale of Blakemore or Blackmore aforesaid—an engirdled
and secluded region, for the most part untrodden as yet by tourist and
landscape-painter . . . fertile and sheltered . . .” (5).
4. (Blakemore, cont.)
May Day Dance
• What is May Day all
about?
• A ritual celebrating the
fertility of nature
–
–
–
–
White dresses
Flowers
May pole or wands
Red ribbon
5. The Slopes
• Hardy’s description?
• “A country-house built for
enjoyment pure and simple, with
not an acre of troublesome land
attached to it . . . The house
proper stood in full view. It was
of recent erection, indeed almost
new, and of the same rich red
colour . . . Everything looked like
money—like the last coin issued
from the Mint” (26-27).
6. (The Slopes, cont.)
Early or “Forced” Strawberries
“He conducted her about the lawns, and flower-beds, . . . And greenhouses, where he asked her if she liked strawberries.
“Yes,” said Tess. “When they come.”
“They are already here.” D’Urberville begn gathering specimens of the
fruit for her . . . A specially fine product of the “British Queen” variety
he stood up and held it by the stem to her mouth.
“No, no!” she said quickly, putting her fingers between his hand and her
lips. “I would rather take it in my own hand.” (29)
7. The Chase
• Setting in relation to Alec’s home?
•
“Far behind the corner of the house . . . Stretched . . . The Chase—a truly
venerable tract of forest land; one of the few remaining woodlands in
England of undoubted primaeval date, wherein Druidical mistletoe was still
found on aged oaks, and where enormous yew-trees, not planted by the hand
of man, grew as they had grown when they were pollarded for bows. All this
sylvan antiquity however, though visible from The Slopes, was outside the
immediate boundaries of the estate” (26).
. . Darkness and silence ruled everywhere around”
• What might this place symbolize?
•
“.
8. Talbothays Dairy in Froome
Valley
• “Not quite sure of her
direction Tess stood still upon
the hemmed expanse of
verdant flatness . . . The red
and white herd nearest at
hand . . . Now trooped towards
the steading, their great bags
of milk swinging under them
as they walked. Tess followed
slowly in their rear” (82)
9. (Talbothay’s, cont.)
Paradise
• “Being so often—possibly not always by chance—the first two
persons to get up at the dairy-house, they seemed to themselves the
first persons up of all the world. . . . The spectral, halfcompounded, aqueous light which pervaded the open mead
impressed them with a felling of isolation, as if they were Adam
and Eve” (102)
• “her eyes son lifted, and his plumbed the deepness of the evervarying pupils, and their radiating fibrils of blue, and black, and
grey, and violet, while she regarded him as Eve at her second
waking might have regarded Adam” (133).
10. (Talbothay’s, cont.)
Tess’s Mouth
• “Her mouth he had seen nothing to equal on the
face of the earth . . . No: they were not perfect.
And it was the touch of the imperfect upon the
would-be perfect that gave the sweetness, because
it was that which gave the humanity” (118).
11. Talbothay’s, cont.
Angel and Alec: Literary Foils
Differences:
Berry picking, carriage manners:
courtesy vs. force
“Angel” and Devil?
Similarities:
Both pursue Tess, struggle with faith
Both change because of Tess
Role Reversal: Alec becomes Protector
Angel deserts her
12. Flintcomb-Ash
• Hardy’s description?
• “Every leaf of the [turnips] having already
been consumed the whole field was in colour
a desolate drab; it was a complexion without
features, as if a face from chin to brow
should be only an expanse of skin. The sky
wore, in another colour, the same likeness; a
white vacuity of countenance with the
lineaments gone. So these two upper and
nether visages confronted each other, all day
long the white face looking down on the
brown face, and the brown face looking up at
the white face, without anything standing
between them but the two girls crawling over
the surface of the former like flies” (223-24).
13. (Flintcomb-Ash, cont.)
The Machine
• “Maltese cross of the reaping-machine” (68), the “Red
Tyrant,” blue turnip slicer, thresher, “buzzing red glutton”
(262)
• 19th century industrialization exploits the countryside and
the past just like Alec exploits Tess: “I was you master
once . . .”
• Machine = “repository of force”
• The sun seems to approve: “from the west sky a wrathful
shine . . . burst forth” (262).
• Machine = Natural force = Alec (“a ticking like the lovemaking of the grasshopper”-68)
14. Stonehenge
• Why this?
• “Tess, really tired by this time, flung herself upon an oblong slab
that lay close at hand, and was sheltered from the wind by a
pillar. Owing to the action of the sun during the preceding day,
the stone was warm and dry. . . ‘I don’t want to go any further,
Angel” (310).
• “’Did they sacrifice to God
here?’ asked she.
‘No,’ said he.
‘Who to?’
‘I believe to the sun’” (311).
15. (Stonehenge, cont.)
Symbolism of the Sun:
Nature’s Plan for Tess
The sun:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
“lit up their figures” at dance (6)
“absorbed the young stranger’s
retreating figure” (10)
makes Prince’s hooves sparkle (23)
is a “godlike creature” gazing down on
earth with a “curious . . . personal
look” (67)
stretches Tess’s and Angel’s shadows a
quarter of a mile (152)
sets “a spot like a paint-mark” on
Tess’s skirt during honeymoon (171)
receives sacrifice at Stonehenge (311)
16. Tess’s Journey of Faith
• Early in life, she loses her “Angel”
on this “blighted planet.”
• Is “tempted” and “falls.”
17. (Tess’s Journey of Faith, cont.)
Tess Challenges Christianity’s Rules
• “I don’t believe God said such things.”
• Becomes a priestess for her innocent child.
• Wonders “why the sun do shine on the just and the unjust
alike” (99).
18. (Tess’s Journey of Faith, cont.)
•
•
•
•
•
Meets an Angel in the fallen garden—finds a new Eden at Talbothays Dairy
and a new religion: LOVE. For a few perfect months, they live “as if they
were Adam and Eve” (102).
“There was hardly a touch of earth in her love for Clare” (151).
Tess’s “Angel” falls (as all humans do); Tess’s faith in LOVE is tested.
Again she is tempted--“A jester might say that this is just like paradise. You
are Eve, and I am the old other one come to tempt you” (275)--in returning to
Alec, she denies her faith in LOVE.
Tess is able to slay the evil force in her life and regains her Eden, but in the
process she becomes a sacrificial victim to LOVE.
19. (Tess’s Journey of Faith, cont.)
• Tess believes love is redemptive “Tell me now, Angel; do you
think we shall meet again after we are dead? . . . What—not even you
and I Angel, who love each other so well?” (311)
• Ironically, Angel condemned Tess for her imperfection,
but she is the Christ figure of the story, acting out love,
forgiveness, and a higher justice.
• “She would have laid down her life for ‘ee.”
“No man hath greater love than this—than to lay down his life for a
friend.” John 15:13
20. (Tess’s Journey of Faith, cont.)
Tess: A Christ Figure?
“I am ready.”
Two persons were walking rapidly . . . With bowed
heads, which . . . The sun’s rays smiled on
pitilessly. . . . They moved on hand in hand, and
never spoke a word, the dropping of their heads
being that of Giotto’s Two Apostles” (313)
21. Sources for Images
• Virtual tour of settings: http://www2.sisu.edu/depts/ english/Tess1.htm
• http://justinewaddell.ourfamily.com/gallery.htm
• http://www.aande.com/tv/shows/tess/
Editor's Notes
Tess’s journey through different landscapes = her developmental journey as a person
Sheltered, untrodden, and fertile describe Tess also in her innocent youth. When she returns after the trouble with Alec, “the familiar green world” of her youth is painfully beautiful to her. “Verily, another girl than the simple one she had been at home was she who, bowed by thought, stood still here, and turned to lok behind her. She could not bear to look forward into the Vale” (59).
The dancers do not know that their suitability as mates is being celebrated—or perhaps they do! The problem lies in the randomness of the selection process. The right man comes along, but he fails to see the woman he could truly love: “In the ill-judged execution of the well-judged plan of things the call seldom produces the comer, the man to love rarely coincides with the hour for loving. Nature does not often say ‘See!’ to her poor creature at a time when seeing can lead to happy doing; or reply ‘Here’ to a body’s cry of ‘Where?’” (31).
Alec’s family symbolizes the new-moneyed class which appeared during the Industrial Revolution. Alec’s father has become wealthy as a merchant in the northern industrial region of England. They have no attachment to the land other than to exploit it (as in the case of Tess and her ancient family name)
Red color of house . . .
Some say the true “seduction” scene in the novel is here. Tess is flattered, confused, compliant. In her immaturity and innocence, she is pressured to partake of pleasures she is not ready for and does not yet want.
This dark world of unconscious natural instinct is just outside the daylight world of D’Urberville’s estate, as if modern society were merely a respectable clearing in the primitive world of our human past. It surrounds us still and we can, like Tess and Alec, become lost in it, reverting to primeval instincts that link us to our animal relatives. What rules this world? Darkness and silence. We do not clearly understand or speak of what happens here. When Tess kills Alec in the end, isn’t it because she reverted to the dark, confused world of primitive instinct once again?
Note reference to Tess’s continuing journey.
She falls in line with cows, almost like one of them. Always part of the landscape, she is in harmony with its creatures.
The lush, agricultural setting where simple folk live and work in close contact with nature seems to represent a lost paradise for Hardy. For a brief happy time Hardy and Tess almost forget that another world of cruelty and exploitation exists outside this lush Eden. It is a setting where personal intimacy (quote about the eyes) is fostered, where a nurturing community supports each new comer. The only trouble seems to come from the pressure of natural instinct to act upon love. Too many girls love one man, and that one man is not content to wait for his chosen forever. In fact, the story reminds us that there is no “forever” in nature. The season advances. Milchers are drying up. The perfect paradise is shutting down for the winter.
Angel does not understand that nothing in nature is perfect, and that it is in our experiences of failure that we can learn and grow, becoming better people because it.
Whereas Alec represents the Machine Age which “raped” the natural world during Industrialization, he also represents brutal natural instinct of sexual conquest—the male drive to dominate and possess. Angel is a well-educated gentleman and idealist who would never consciously hurt anyone. However, he is a fallible person like everyone else and does not analyze his feelings as he should, allowing himself to get by with his unchristian, inhumane treatment of Tess. His Christian upbringing has given him high morals but also a egotistical sense of his own moral superiority. He represents something of the typical Victorian “holier-than-thou” attitude, and a tendency to apply hypocritical double standards in matters of sex.
Two very different types of Victorian man. Or are they so different after all?
Barren, faceless landscape (remember that Tess has cut off her eye brows and tied a kerchief around her face) emphasizes the impersonal aspect of nature. The Eden world of Talbothays is remembered by Tess and Marian as only a dream that keeps them going. Hardy is not a Romantic and is alive to the fact that nature is often cruel and heartless. Now Tess takes her place in this landscape. The “strange birds from the North . . . With tragical eyes” have experienced worse conditions even than Tess: “curdling temperatures that no man could endure . . . The crash of icebergs and the slide of snow-hills by the shooting light of the Aurora” (226). Worse winter weather follows the birds: “The blast smelt of icebergs, arctic seas, whales, and white bears . . . They trudged onwards with slanted bodies through the flossy fields” (226).
The reaper appeared early on when Tess was working at Marlott after giving birth to Sorrow. Here it subtly underscored Alec’s treatment of her. When Tess serves the threshing machine later at Flintcomb-Ash, Alec appears again in his true aspect as Devil.
Alec is consistently associated with the machines of the Machine Age that gave his family mastery over nature. Interestingly, Hardy acknowledges that nature itself has machine-like qualities. Thus, Alec is part of nature too. His exploitation of Tess is part of a long natural history of mindless, instinctive rape of the weaker by the stronger.
Again, note reference to Tess’s journey.
Obviously, Tess is a sacrifice to the sun, the source of life. But by whom?
Looking at her journey as moral/spiritual development . . .