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Teorije o širenju religijske
kulture
Taylorova, Milerova i Ottova
teorija
PORIJEKLO RELIGIJE
Najraniji tragovi o postojanju religije
datiraju od, približno, 60.000 godina prije
nove ere
Postoji mišljenje da je religija nastala sa
prvim čovjekom na zemlji
U pogledu porijekla religije ne postoji
jedinstveno mišljenje
Najčešće se navode slijedeća mišljenja:
da se prethistorijski čovjek okrenuo religiji
usred straha i čuđenja pred prirodnim
pojavama: gromovima, zemljotresima,
smjeni dana i noći, izlasku sunca itd.
ili pred zagonetkama života i smrti:
rođenjem čovjeka i životinje i njihovom
smrću. Nemoćan da objasni te pojave, taj
čovjek je počeo vjerovati u natprirodne sile
iz potrebe za religijom u kojoj je molio
natprirodna bića za obilje hrane, plodnost i
prosperitet svoga plemena, dobar ulov i sl.
Uklesani ili iscrtani motivi hrane, lovačkih ili
poljoprivrednih alatki i ornamenata na
grobovima svjedoče o tome.
Teorije o porijeklu religije
Tejlorova teorija
Milerova teorija
Otova teorija
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor
Prva je Tejlorova teorija, tako nazvana po
britanskom antropologu Sir Edwardu
Burnettu Tyloru (Ser Eduard Bernet Tejlor,
1832. – 1917.)
Smatrao je da se religija pojavila vrlo rano –
kada su prvi ljudi počeli vjerovati da
duhovna bića borave i upravljaju svim
prirodnim pojavama: suncem, vulkanima,
vjetrovima...
U svojoj najpoznatijoj studiji Primitivna
kultura Tylor je ove duhove nazvao animae,
a svoje učenje animizmom.
Prestrašeni i začuđeni pred njima, ljudi su ih
počeli obožavati i smatrati bogovima, iz
čega je, u drugom evolucijskom procesu,
nastao prvi stadij religije.
Friedrich Max Muller
U približno isto vrijeme sa Tylorovom
pojavila se Milerova teorija, koju je
lansirao njemački naučnik, „otac nauke o
religiji” i prvi (zapadnjački) historičar
religija Friedrich Max Muller (Fridrih Maks
Miler, 1832. – 1900.).
Muller se složio sa Tylorom da je religija
počela kao obožavanje duhova, ali je
odbacio onaj dio njegove teorije po kojoj je
prethistorijski čovjek vjerovao u duhove
koji obitavaju u prirodi.
Prema ovom naučniku, taj čovjek je
smatrao da sile prirode imaju ljudske
osobine, dobru i lošu ćud, zbog čega ih je
transformirao u božanstva koja je, potom,
počeo obožavati.
PORIJEKLO RELIGIJE
Teorije, na osnovu mišljenja da je
politeizam bio izvorna, prva ljudska religija,
a da se kasnije iz njega razvilo vjerovanje
u jednog Boga.
Rudolf Otto
I treća je Otova teorija, koja je u sjenu
bacila obje prethodne. Nju je eksplicirao
njemački filozof i psiholog religije Rudolf
Otto (1869. – 1937.). U svom
najpoznatijem djelu, klasičnoj knjizi o
religiji, „Pojam svetoga”, navodi:
kako religija počinje s „osjećajem
numinoznog”, tj. tajanstvenog „drugog”
božanstva (numen –božanstvo), koje je
strašno i privlačno
svijest o svetosti i misterioznosti leži u srži
religioznog iskustva, i ta se svijest nalazi u
osnovi svih religija
sveto je istina, dobrota i ljepota, koje
reprezentiraju osnovne i univerzalne
aspekte ljudskog bića

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TEORIJE O ŠIRENJU RELIGIJSKE KULTURE.ppt

  • 1. Teorije o širenju religijske kulture Taylorova, Milerova i Ottova teorija
  • 2. PORIJEKLO RELIGIJE Najraniji tragovi o postojanju religije datiraju od, približno, 60.000 godina prije nove ere Postoji mišljenje da je religija nastala sa prvim čovjekom na zemlji U pogledu porijekla religije ne postoji jedinstveno mišljenje
  • 3. Najčešće se navode slijedeća mišljenja: da se prethistorijski čovjek okrenuo religiji usred straha i čuđenja pred prirodnim pojavama: gromovima, zemljotresima, smjeni dana i noći, izlasku sunca itd. ili pred zagonetkama života i smrti: rođenjem čovjeka i životinje i njihovom smrću. Nemoćan da objasni te pojave, taj čovjek je počeo vjerovati u natprirodne sile
  • 4. iz potrebe za religijom u kojoj je molio natprirodna bića za obilje hrane, plodnost i prosperitet svoga plemena, dobar ulov i sl. Uklesani ili iscrtani motivi hrane, lovačkih ili poljoprivrednih alatki i ornamenata na grobovima svjedoče o tome.
  • 5. Teorije o porijeklu religije Tejlorova teorija Milerova teorija Otova teorija
  • 6. Sir Edward Burnett Tylor Prva je Tejlorova teorija, tako nazvana po britanskom antropologu Sir Edwardu Burnettu Tyloru (Ser Eduard Bernet Tejlor, 1832. – 1917.)
  • 7. Smatrao je da se religija pojavila vrlo rano – kada su prvi ljudi počeli vjerovati da duhovna bića borave i upravljaju svim prirodnim pojavama: suncem, vulkanima, vjetrovima... U svojoj najpoznatijoj studiji Primitivna kultura Tylor je ove duhove nazvao animae, a svoje učenje animizmom. Prestrašeni i začuđeni pred njima, ljudi su ih počeli obožavati i smatrati bogovima, iz čega je, u drugom evolucijskom procesu, nastao prvi stadij religije.
  • 8. Friedrich Max Muller U približno isto vrijeme sa Tylorovom pojavila se Milerova teorija, koju je lansirao njemački naučnik, „otac nauke o religiji” i prvi (zapadnjački) historičar religija Friedrich Max Muller (Fridrih Maks Miler, 1832. – 1900.).
  • 9. Muller se složio sa Tylorom da je religija počela kao obožavanje duhova, ali je odbacio onaj dio njegove teorije po kojoj je prethistorijski čovjek vjerovao u duhove koji obitavaju u prirodi. Prema ovom naučniku, taj čovjek je smatrao da sile prirode imaju ljudske osobine, dobru i lošu ćud, zbog čega ih je transformirao u božanstva koja je, potom, počeo obožavati.
  • 10. PORIJEKLO RELIGIJE Teorije, na osnovu mišljenja da je politeizam bio izvorna, prva ljudska religija, a da se kasnije iz njega razvilo vjerovanje u jednog Boga.
  • 11. Rudolf Otto I treća je Otova teorija, koja je u sjenu bacila obje prethodne. Nju je eksplicirao njemački filozof i psiholog religije Rudolf Otto (1869. – 1937.). U svom najpoznatijem djelu, klasičnoj knjizi o religiji, „Pojam svetoga”, navodi:
  • 12. kako religija počinje s „osjećajem numinoznog”, tj. tajanstvenog „drugog” božanstva (numen –božanstvo), koje je strašno i privlačno svijest o svetosti i misterioznosti leži u srži religioznog iskustva, i ta se svijest nalazi u osnovi svih religija sveto je istina, dobrota i ljepota, koje reprezentiraju osnovne i univerzalne aspekte ljudskog bića