Voluntary Geographic Information And Its Value For Disaster ManagementJan Willem van Eck
Voluntary geographic information (VGI) from crowdsourcing can have high value for disaster management when certain conditions are met. VGI provides more data from more people, but quality must be ensured. While crowds can provide useful real-time data, their assessments are not always correct. Effective use of VGI requires understanding what motivates volunteers and having robust systems to filter data. When contextual information is integrated, VGI has the highest value for preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery in disaster scenarios.
This document discusses cyberbullying and its effects. It defines cyberbullying as bullying that occurs online and provides a quote about how victims often do not know the identity of their cyberbullies. The document asks questions about the prevalence of cyberbullying and social media use. It explores how social media affects people's lives and why some find it easy to cyberbully online. It also outlines potential punishments for cyberbullying and ways adults and authorities are trying to prevent future cyberbullying incidents.
O documento discute o custo do acesso à internet no Brasil. Apresenta dados sobre a penetração da banda larga no país e em diferentes classes sociais, além de comparar com outros países. Também aborda iniciativas do governo para promover a inclusão digital, como o programa GESAC, e casos de sucesso desse programa em diferentes regiões.
The document discusses conventions commonly found in music magazines. It notes that music magazines typically feature a prominent photo of a recognizable artist on the front cover. They also use bold, large text to highlight the artist's name. The bar code is usually placed on the right side, with pricing and any free offers also included. When creating their own magazine, the author followed these conventions by using prominent photos of bands and bold text for names, with coloring and layout mimicking real magazines.
This document evaluates a school magazine cover and contents page designed for pupils. The cover uses a camera lens motif incorporating the school logo and photos of pupils' work to appeal to a younger audience, though the language used also appeals to adults. The contents page focuses on arts in the school through pictures rather than following usual conventions, making it too busy for its purpose of informing pupils.
A cryptologist deciphers codes, creates codes to protect information, and uses problem-solving skills to address worldwide threats. The student chose this career because they enjoy puzzles and codes, and finding unique solutions. Cryptologists earn a median salary of $125,000 annually, with potential for advancement. Related careers include computer programming, cybersecurity, engineering, and mathematics. The student's high school offers a cybersecurity academy that aligns with cryptology studies. They plan to attend the University of Maryland, College Park cryptology program while gaining job experience through tutoring, athletics, and community service.
Voluntary Geographic Information And Its Value For Disaster ManagementJan Willem van Eck
Voluntary geographic information (VGI) from crowdsourcing can have high value for disaster management when certain conditions are met. VGI provides more data from more people, but quality must be ensured. While crowds can provide useful real-time data, their assessments are not always correct. Effective use of VGI requires understanding what motivates volunteers and having robust systems to filter data. When contextual information is integrated, VGI has the highest value for preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery in disaster scenarios.
This document discusses cyberbullying and its effects. It defines cyberbullying as bullying that occurs online and provides a quote about how victims often do not know the identity of their cyberbullies. The document asks questions about the prevalence of cyberbullying and social media use. It explores how social media affects people's lives and why some find it easy to cyberbully online. It also outlines potential punishments for cyberbullying and ways adults and authorities are trying to prevent future cyberbullying incidents.
O documento discute o custo do acesso à internet no Brasil. Apresenta dados sobre a penetração da banda larga no país e em diferentes classes sociais, além de comparar com outros países. Também aborda iniciativas do governo para promover a inclusão digital, como o programa GESAC, e casos de sucesso desse programa em diferentes regiões.
The document discusses conventions commonly found in music magazines. It notes that music magazines typically feature a prominent photo of a recognizable artist on the front cover. They also use bold, large text to highlight the artist's name. The bar code is usually placed on the right side, with pricing and any free offers also included. When creating their own magazine, the author followed these conventions by using prominent photos of bands and bold text for names, with coloring and layout mimicking real magazines.
This document evaluates a school magazine cover and contents page designed for pupils. The cover uses a camera lens motif incorporating the school logo and photos of pupils' work to appeal to a younger audience, though the language used also appeals to adults. The contents page focuses on arts in the school through pictures rather than following usual conventions, making it too busy for its purpose of informing pupils.
A cryptologist deciphers codes, creates codes to protect information, and uses problem-solving skills to address worldwide threats. The student chose this career because they enjoy puzzles and codes, and finding unique solutions. Cryptologists earn a median salary of $125,000 annually, with potential for advancement. Related careers include computer programming, cybersecurity, engineering, and mathematics. The student's high school offers a cybersecurity academy that aligns with cryptology studies. They plan to attend the University of Maryland, College Park cryptology program while gaining job experience through tutoring, athletics, and community service.
The document is a career report about becoming a cryptologist written by Kelly Long. It defines a cryptologist as someone who deciphers codes and creates codes to protect private information. Long explains that she is interested in this career because she enjoys solving puzzles and being challenged by new tasks. The report provides details on cryptologist salaries, opportunities for career advancement, related career paths, relevant high school and university programs, and Long's community service activities.
Drew Pruett chose a career in film/editing because he enjoys making movies and editing video to look professional. He plans to attend the computer programming academy at Atholton High School to gain experience relevant to editing and animation before attending college. Drew hopes to attend the University of Southern California, which has a strong film program and is located in Los Angeles, a major center of the film industry with many jobs and high wages in the field.
The document discusses Logan Ghandi's career research project on becoming a marriage and family therapist. It summarizes that marriage and family therapists diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders to help people overcome problems. Logan chose this career because they love helping people and are good at it. The average salary for a marriage and family therapist is around $46,000. Logan's potential for advancement is to become president of a marriage and family counseling organization. Related careers include recreational therapist, occupational therapist, and social worker.
This document provides information about the career of a cryptologist from the perspective of a high school student. It defines a cryptologist as someone who deciphers codes and creates codes to protect private information. The student chose this career because they enjoy solving puzzles and being challenged. The document also outlines the expected salary, potential for career advancement, related career paths, relevant high school and university programs, and community service experience of the student.
Yemen was once divided between North and South Yemen but unified in 1990. It prides itself as the only republic on the Arabian Peninsula, while other countries are kingdoms or emirates ruled by one family. Arabic is the official language. The document discusses Yemen's history and some current problems, including a high murder rate that is the second highest in the world, with many deaths caused by guns kept in homes. Possible solutions proposed include banning some or all guns, improving the police force, and providing better career and training opportunities for police and military.
The document summarizes key events in Botswana's history. It notes that the Tswana people first arrived around 1200 AD as part of the Bantu migration. Diamonds were discovered at Orapa in 1967. In 1990, Botswana became the world's second largest diamond exporter after Russia. The Bechuanaland People's Party was formed in 1965 and constitutional changes in 1997 limited the presidency to two terms and lowered the voting age to 18.
Madagascar faces severe health issues including high infant mortality, low life expectancy, and many deaths annually from preventable diseases. The country only has 11 doctors per 100,000 people and struggles with a poor economy. Two proposed solutions are to invest more in education to increase the number of doctors and healthcare professionals, and to increase trade with neighboring countries to boost the economy. The document argues that investing in education is the best approach to solving Madagascar's health problems long-term.
The Republic of Mali was formerly a French colony known as French Sudan. It gained independence in 1960 after joining Senegal to form the Mali Federation within the French Community. Mali faces water shortage issues, particularly in the northern regions which are mostly desert. Mali has proposed trading salt for purified water with Madagascar to help address both countries' problems - Mali's water shortage and Madagascar's food and health issues. Solutions to Mali's water problems include drilling deep wells, purchasing water from other countries, and obtaining water from other sources within Mali to purify.
Cote D'Ivoire is a country located in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea. It has a population of over 21 million people and its capital and largest city is Yamoussoukro. Cote D'Ivoire was formerly a French colony but gained independence in 1960. However, it has experienced political instability and civil war in recent years due to warring tribes and politicians challenging election results. This instability has negatively impacted healthcare, economic growth, and security in the country. Proposed solutions include requesting assistance from international organizations like the UN and ECOWAS to restore stability, improve social services, and support economic recovery.
The Democratic Republic of Congo was originally formed in 1885 and has gone through several name changes, and it is the largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa covering over 905,600 square miles. French is the official language, but there are also four other nationally recognized indigenous languages as well as over 200 other non-recognized languages. The DRC has a troubled history following its civil war in 1998 and currently has no laws protecting women's rights or addressing issues like domestic violence.
Angola is a country in southwestern Africa with a population of over 10 million people and a total area of 481,351 square miles. It has a very low population density of 0 to 5 people per square mile. Portuguese is the primary language spoken. Angola struggles with significant healthcare issues, having only 8 doctors per 100,000 people and a life expectancy of just 47 years old along with an infant mortality rate of 125. Potential solutions proposed include training Angolans in healthcare in America to bring back skills and resources, as well as neighboring countries providing temporary medical care and assistance. However, the document states that fully solving the major lack of healthcare is likely impossible without dire consequences.
Zimbabwe faces problems with its healthcare system, land conflicts, and financial troubles. To address its health issues, the author proposes selling oil and gold to build medical schools or sending doctors abroad for training. The final solution is to sell oil and gold to fund the construction of medical schools and improve healthcare.
Ethiopia has a population of 65 million people and literacy rates are very low, especially for females. The country has climate zones ranging from grasslands to deserts and relies on exports like coffee, livestock, and gold. However, there is a huge lack of education in Ethiopia, with only 36% of people being literate. Fewer than 30% of males and 18% of females can read. Many children must choose between farming and school. To address this, the document proposes building more schools so literacy rates increase by ensuring children can attend classes. The final plan involves trading Ethiopian doctors and a medical school to Sudan for money to buy wood to construct new schools.
The document discusses the Democratic Republic of Congo, including its geography, languages, history of independence and conflicts, and one of its major problems being a shortage of doctors. It proposes several potential solutions to increase the number of doctors in DRC and discusses their positives and negatives. The proposed solution is for DRC to negotiate a trade with neighboring Cameroon, trading land and a gold mine for doctors and other resources to help address the lack of healthcare.
The most common language spoken in Liberia is English. The country was originally settled by freed black slaves from America and got its start economically from rubber production. Major problems include unsafe water conditions that often cause sickness and a lack of doctors, with only 3 per 100,000 people. Proposed solutions involve putting up warning signs about the water and paying doctors more to increase that profession within Liberia. The author's final plan is to ask neighboring countries for help in exchange for Liberia's resources or through forming alliances.
Sudan and South Sudan have a population of over 36 million people across nearly 1 million square miles. The countries face serious medical issues, with a low life expectancy, high infant mortality, and only 9 doctors per 100,000 people. Education is also a problem, with a literacy rate of just 61.1%. Possible solutions include sending Sudanese to medical school in the US to become doctors and return, making a deal with Ethiopia to trade oil for Ethiopian schools and doctors for Sudan and South Sudan, or doing nothing. The best option is a combination of the first two solutions - sending people abroad to study and making a deal with Ethiopia to help address both countries' needs.
This document provides information about Mali and discusses improving the country's literacy rate. It notes that Mali has a literacy rate of only 46% and lacks sufficient schools and teachers. To address this, the document proposes building more schools, hiring more teachers, and establishing school bus systems. It suggests other countries could help by donating money, supplies, and teachers to support expanding education in Mali.
Cameroon was originally settled over 3,000 years ago during the Bantu Migrations. It became a German colony in 1884 and then a French colony in 1914. Cameroon gained independence from France in 1960 and has had the same president since 1982. A key problem is that Cameroon lacks sufficient cropland to grow its own food. The document proposes and analyzes several potential solutions to this problem, including trading salt and doctors from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo for cropland, cutting down part of Cameroon's rainforest to make new cropland, or trading teachers for food. The proposed final solution is for Cameroon to trade its salt and doctors to the D
This document discusses illegal gold mining in Ghana. It provides links to articles about Chinese miners flocking to Ghana for gold boom, illegal Chinese gold miners plaguing Ghana with police facilitation, solutions and ways to stop illegal gold mining in Ghana, and background on gold mining in Ghana.
Rwanda was formerly a German colony that gained independence in 1962. The main ethnic groups are the Hutus and Tutsis, who fought a civil war in the 1990s after a genocide that killed hundreds of thousands of Tutsis. Finding more perpetrators of the genocide risks reigniting tensions between the groups. The document proposes giving Hutus doctors as a gift from Tutsis to help promote reconciliation.
The document is a career report about becoming a cryptologist written by Kelly Long. It defines a cryptologist as someone who deciphers codes and creates codes to protect private information. Long explains that she is interested in this career because she enjoys solving puzzles and being challenged by new tasks. The report provides details on cryptologist salaries, opportunities for career advancement, related career paths, relevant high school and university programs, and Long's community service activities.
Drew Pruett chose a career in film/editing because he enjoys making movies and editing video to look professional. He plans to attend the computer programming academy at Atholton High School to gain experience relevant to editing and animation before attending college. Drew hopes to attend the University of Southern California, which has a strong film program and is located in Los Angeles, a major center of the film industry with many jobs and high wages in the field.
The document discusses Logan Ghandi's career research project on becoming a marriage and family therapist. It summarizes that marriage and family therapists diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders to help people overcome problems. Logan chose this career because they love helping people and are good at it. The average salary for a marriage and family therapist is around $46,000. Logan's potential for advancement is to become president of a marriage and family counseling organization. Related careers include recreational therapist, occupational therapist, and social worker.
This document provides information about the career of a cryptologist from the perspective of a high school student. It defines a cryptologist as someone who deciphers codes and creates codes to protect private information. The student chose this career because they enjoy solving puzzles and being challenged. The document also outlines the expected salary, potential for career advancement, related career paths, relevant high school and university programs, and community service experience of the student.
Yemen was once divided between North and South Yemen but unified in 1990. It prides itself as the only republic on the Arabian Peninsula, while other countries are kingdoms or emirates ruled by one family. Arabic is the official language. The document discusses Yemen's history and some current problems, including a high murder rate that is the second highest in the world, with many deaths caused by guns kept in homes. Possible solutions proposed include banning some or all guns, improving the police force, and providing better career and training opportunities for police and military.
The document summarizes key events in Botswana's history. It notes that the Tswana people first arrived around 1200 AD as part of the Bantu migration. Diamonds were discovered at Orapa in 1967. In 1990, Botswana became the world's second largest diamond exporter after Russia. The Bechuanaland People's Party was formed in 1965 and constitutional changes in 1997 limited the presidency to two terms and lowered the voting age to 18.
Madagascar faces severe health issues including high infant mortality, low life expectancy, and many deaths annually from preventable diseases. The country only has 11 doctors per 100,000 people and struggles with a poor economy. Two proposed solutions are to invest more in education to increase the number of doctors and healthcare professionals, and to increase trade with neighboring countries to boost the economy. The document argues that investing in education is the best approach to solving Madagascar's health problems long-term.
The Republic of Mali was formerly a French colony known as French Sudan. It gained independence in 1960 after joining Senegal to form the Mali Federation within the French Community. Mali faces water shortage issues, particularly in the northern regions which are mostly desert. Mali has proposed trading salt for purified water with Madagascar to help address both countries' problems - Mali's water shortage and Madagascar's food and health issues. Solutions to Mali's water problems include drilling deep wells, purchasing water from other countries, and obtaining water from other sources within Mali to purify.
Cote D'Ivoire is a country located in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea. It has a population of over 21 million people and its capital and largest city is Yamoussoukro. Cote D'Ivoire was formerly a French colony but gained independence in 1960. However, it has experienced political instability and civil war in recent years due to warring tribes and politicians challenging election results. This instability has negatively impacted healthcare, economic growth, and security in the country. Proposed solutions include requesting assistance from international organizations like the UN and ECOWAS to restore stability, improve social services, and support economic recovery.
The Democratic Republic of Congo was originally formed in 1885 and has gone through several name changes, and it is the largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa covering over 905,600 square miles. French is the official language, but there are also four other nationally recognized indigenous languages as well as over 200 other non-recognized languages. The DRC has a troubled history following its civil war in 1998 and currently has no laws protecting women's rights or addressing issues like domestic violence.
Angola is a country in southwestern Africa with a population of over 10 million people and a total area of 481,351 square miles. It has a very low population density of 0 to 5 people per square mile. Portuguese is the primary language spoken. Angola struggles with significant healthcare issues, having only 8 doctors per 100,000 people and a life expectancy of just 47 years old along with an infant mortality rate of 125. Potential solutions proposed include training Angolans in healthcare in America to bring back skills and resources, as well as neighboring countries providing temporary medical care and assistance. However, the document states that fully solving the major lack of healthcare is likely impossible without dire consequences.
Zimbabwe faces problems with its healthcare system, land conflicts, and financial troubles. To address its health issues, the author proposes selling oil and gold to build medical schools or sending doctors abroad for training. The final solution is to sell oil and gold to fund the construction of medical schools and improve healthcare.
Ethiopia has a population of 65 million people and literacy rates are very low, especially for females. The country has climate zones ranging from grasslands to deserts and relies on exports like coffee, livestock, and gold. However, there is a huge lack of education in Ethiopia, with only 36% of people being literate. Fewer than 30% of males and 18% of females can read. Many children must choose between farming and school. To address this, the document proposes building more schools so literacy rates increase by ensuring children can attend classes. The final plan involves trading Ethiopian doctors and a medical school to Sudan for money to buy wood to construct new schools.
The document discusses the Democratic Republic of Congo, including its geography, languages, history of independence and conflicts, and one of its major problems being a shortage of doctors. It proposes several potential solutions to increase the number of doctors in DRC and discusses their positives and negatives. The proposed solution is for DRC to negotiate a trade with neighboring Cameroon, trading land and a gold mine for doctors and other resources to help address the lack of healthcare.
The most common language spoken in Liberia is English. The country was originally settled by freed black slaves from America and got its start economically from rubber production. Major problems include unsafe water conditions that often cause sickness and a lack of doctors, with only 3 per 100,000 people. Proposed solutions involve putting up warning signs about the water and paying doctors more to increase that profession within Liberia. The author's final plan is to ask neighboring countries for help in exchange for Liberia's resources or through forming alliances.
Sudan and South Sudan have a population of over 36 million people across nearly 1 million square miles. The countries face serious medical issues, with a low life expectancy, high infant mortality, and only 9 doctors per 100,000 people. Education is also a problem, with a literacy rate of just 61.1%. Possible solutions include sending Sudanese to medical school in the US to become doctors and return, making a deal with Ethiopia to trade oil for Ethiopian schools and doctors for Sudan and South Sudan, or doing nothing. The best option is a combination of the first two solutions - sending people abroad to study and making a deal with Ethiopia to help address both countries' needs.
This document provides information about Mali and discusses improving the country's literacy rate. It notes that Mali has a literacy rate of only 46% and lacks sufficient schools and teachers. To address this, the document proposes building more schools, hiring more teachers, and establishing school bus systems. It suggests other countries could help by donating money, supplies, and teachers to support expanding education in Mali.
Cameroon was originally settled over 3,000 years ago during the Bantu Migrations. It became a German colony in 1884 and then a French colony in 1914. Cameroon gained independence from France in 1960 and has had the same president since 1982. A key problem is that Cameroon lacks sufficient cropland to grow its own food. The document proposes and analyzes several potential solutions to this problem, including trading salt and doctors from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of Congo for cropland, cutting down part of Cameroon's rainforest to make new cropland, or trading teachers for food. The proposed final solution is for Cameroon to trade its salt and doctors to the D
This document discusses illegal gold mining in Ghana. It provides links to articles about Chinese miners flocking to Ghana for gold boom, illegal Chinese gold miners plaguing Ghana with police facilitation, solutions and ways to stop illegal gold mining in Ghana, and background on gold mining in Ghana.
Rwanda was formerly a German colony that gained independence in 1962. The main ethnic groups are the Hutus and Tutsis, who fought a civil war in the 1990s after a genocide that killed hundreds of thousands of Tutsis. Finding more perpetrators of the genocide risks reigniting tensions between the groups. The document proposes giving Hutus doctors as a gift from Tutsis to help promote reconciliation.