Task-based learning is an approach to language teaching that uses tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction. A task is an activity where students use the target language for a communicative purpose to achieve an outcome. There are six types of tasks: listing, ordering and sorting, comparing, problem solving, sharing personal experiences, and creative tasks. The task-based learning framework involves a pre-task introduction, the task cycle of task planning, task execution, and analysis, and a language focus on form. This approach supports conditions that are desirable for language learning like motivation, use of language for communication, and comprehensible input.

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Task-Based Learning
Source:
Jane Willis, A Framework for Task-Based Learning, Longman ELT

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Why taskWhy task--based learningbased learning??
What isWhat is aa tasktask??
Six typesSix types ofof taskstasks
TheThe TBLTBL frameworkframework

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Why Task-Based Learning?
Conditions for Language Learning
desirableessential
Instruction
in language
(i.e. chances to
focus on form
Motivation
to listen and
read the
language and
to speak and
write (i.e. to
process and
use the
exposure)
Use
of the language
to do things
(i.e. exchange
meanings)
Exposure
to a rich but
comprehensible
input of real
spoken and
written
language in use
The TBL framework supports these conditions in
a classroom environment.

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What is a task?
A task is an activity "where the
target language is used by the
learner for a communicative
purpose (goal) in order to
achieve an outcome."
Jane Willis

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Types of tasks
1. Listing
brainstorming
fact-finding
Outcome:
Completed list or draft mind map.

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Types of tasks
2. Ordering and sorting
categorising
classifying
Outcome:
Set of information ordered and sorted
according to specified criteria
sequencing
ranking

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Types of tasks
3. Comparing
matching
finding similarities
finding differences
Outcome:
Could be items appropriately matched or
assembled, or the identification of similarities
and/or differeneces.

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Types of tasks
4. Problem solving
reasoning
decision making
Outcome:
Solutions to the problem, which can then
be evaluated.
analysing real situations
analysing hypothetical situations

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Types of tasks
5. Sharing personal experiences
exploring and explaining
attitudes, opinions, reactions
Outcome:
Largely social.
narrating
describing

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Types of tasks
6. Creative Tasks
ordering and sorting
comparing
problem solving and many others
Outcome:
End product which can be appreciated by a
wider audience.
brainstorming
fact-finding

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The TBL Framework
Pre-task
Introduction to topic and task
Task cycle
Task Planning Report
Language focus
Analysis Practice

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Task-Based Learning
Klaus Leonhardt 2003

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