The passage discusses the development of electric vehicles and infrastructure to support them. It notes that while electric vehicles are not currently practical due to battery limitations, automakers are working on options like commuter electric cars, neighborhood vehicles, and delivery vans. Planners aim to establish public charging stations similar to gas stations and equip parking spots to charge vehicles. A future with widespread electric transportation is envisioned, including shuttle buses and trains meeting at transit centers with charging and rental facilities.
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FellowBuddy.com is a platform which has been setup with a simple vision, keeping in mind the dynamic requirements of students.
Our Vision & Mission - Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief - “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom-446240585585480
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دليل التقويم في اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي
دليل التقويم في اللغة الانجليزية للصف الثالث الثانوي
Media entrepreneurship: alternative paths for media producersJanet Fulton
A new type of media professional, with entrepreneurial skills, has emerged in the contemporary media environment in Australia – a professional that is informing the public and disseminating news and information but stretching the boundaries of journalism. These media professionals are engaged in, as Margaret Simons says, “the dissemination of news and views about our world” (2013, p. 13), but they are engaging with newer forms of media to provide these news and views. Flew calls these new forms “information media” (2014, p. 107). This presentation is reporting on a research project that aims to conduct an investigation into these new media professionals.
Why Your Website is Still Relevant in a Social Media WorldChris Remington
The recent focus on Social Media has caused many marketers and business owners to take their attention from their website. With limited time and resources, their websites have fallen into neglect as they chase after new business on Twitter. Some even go as far as claiming that, because they have a Facebook page, they don't even need a website. This deck not only demonstrates why that is a huge mistake, but also how working strategically and effectively, your website can remain the bullseye of your marketing efforts and work in concert with your Social Media efforts to create a marketing tandem that is greater than each individually tool if used separately.
Three passages out of the four in each question contain sentence fra.docxherthaweston
Three passages out of the four in each question contain sentence fragments or run-on sentences. Choose the one correct sentence that is error-free.
1.
A)
Taking classes at night helps me develop my job skills it also works well with my schedule.
B)
Taking classes at night helps me develop my job skills, it also works well with my schedule.
C)
Taking classes at night helps me develop my job skills; it also works well with my schedule.
D)
Taking classes at night helps me develop my job skills. And also works well with my schedule.
2.
A)
There are several good techniques for cleaning a room. For example, starting at the top of the room.
B)
If time is limited, don’t worry, you can set aside fifteen minutes a day until you are done.
C)
Label a box for items to be donated. And another one for trash.
D)
When dealing with clutter, try to find a place for each item the first time you pick it up.
3.
A)
Both authors use imagery in their writing, it helps them create more vivid descriptions.
B)
The beach has become crowded lately I don’t even like to go there.
C)
Each trainer at the gym has been educated about gym safety and knows how to use all of the equipment.
D)
The health effects of pesticides are not completely known, scientists continue to research this topic.
4.
A)
Check the library’s hours before you leave; it closes early on some days.
B)
An advisor can help students understand their degree plans. To help with course selection.
C)
We take our dog to be groomed once a month. Although it is expensive.
D)
Why bother making the bed, it will just get messed up again tomorrow.
5.
A)
Joseph had laser eye surgery. Because he wanted to drive without glasses.
B)
Joseph had laser eye surgery. To be able to drive without glasses.
C)
Joseph had laser eye surgery, he wanted to drive without glasses.
D)
Joseph had laser eye surgery because he wanted to drive without glasses.
6.
A)
The Italian restaurant down the street is pretty good. Even though the service is slow.
B)
We usually go there once a week, I always order ravioli.
C)
If the weather is nice, we’ll sit outside, but the dining room is also pleasant.
D)
I recommend ordering dessert the tiramisu is delicious.
Questions 7-12
Fill in the blank with the correct verb that agrees in number with the subject. Choose from those listed in parentheses.
7.
The executive committee ___________ its decisions through our newsletter. (publicizes, publicize)
8.
The children or the babysitter ____________ going to clean up that mess. (is, are)
9.
Sprawled across the floor ____________ numerous clues to who committed the crime. (was, were)
10.
There ____________ four areas of the park in which dogs are welcome. (is, are)
11.
A cup of tea and a good TV show ____________ me relax after a long day. (helps, help)
12.
A full box of cookies ____________ too tempting for the children to pass up. (was, were)
Questions 13-16
Choose the sentence that uses correct .
Antarctica- Icy wilderness of extremes and wondertahreemzahra82
In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
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Its running cost is among the diverse vital aspects you must consider before buying an electric scooter. Calculate the cost of getting e-scooter charge for your regular usage to calculate its economic efficiency, similar to people who investigate the mileage of petrol or diesel-driven scooters.
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1. DE THI CCQG C
1. The next ... of the school play will be on Monday at 6.30p.m.
a) drama
b) exposition
c) performance
d) exhibition
2. The thief was ... to six months' imprisonment.
a) given
b) allowed
c) sent
d) sentenced
3. ... a flat with someone is cheaper than living on you own.
a) Dividing
b) sharing
c) cutting
d) halving
4. The ... built onto the back of the house provided valuable extra space.
a) extension
b) enlargement
c) expansion
d) development
5. The student's room was so untidy it was like a ...
a) pigstye
b) cowshed
c) chicken-coop
d) monkey-house
2. 6. The bad weather ... the plane being delayed.
a) caused
b) made
c) resulted in
d) created
7. His landlady doesn't ... of his having parties.
a) appreciate
b) support
c) approve
d) consent
8. If you want a good flat in London, you have to pay through the ... for
it.
a) mouth
b) ear
c) nose
d) teeth
9. No, thanhk you, I don't ... sugar in tea.
a) take
b) put
c) eat
d) drink
10. Jim always gets very annoyed if he can't get his own ...
a) wish
b) desire
c) will
d) drink
3. 11. Is anyone ... to fish in this river?
a) borne
b) let
c) allowed
d) admitted
12. They gave ... looking for her when it grew dark.
a) up
b) in
c) off
d) out
13. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the ... before the fine
weather came to an end.
a) collection
b) seed
c) flower
d) harvest
14. Johnny ... very badly at Mary's birthay party.
a) conducted
b) behaved
c) showed
d) operated
15. Mr Jones has ... painting since he retired.
a) taken up
b) taken of
c) taken over
d) taken in
4. 16. The old houses were ... down to make way for a block of flats.
a) put
b) hit
c) banged
d) knocked
17. She ... for a neighbour to look afer the house while she was away.
a) arranged
b) organised
c) planned
d) designed
18. Modern architecture, in many ... is horribly ugly.
a) means
b) examples
c) reasons
d) cases
19. The rise in house prices ... his to sell his house for a large profit.
a) managed
b) succeedede
c) enabled
d) achieved
20. Modern buildings should ... with the surrouding area.
a) suit
b) fit
c) blend
d) match
5. 21. There are many ... on television where a team of people have to
answer questions.
a) queries
b) riddles
c) inquiries
d) quizzes
22. There's no need to be frightened of the dog; he's quite ....
a) happy
b) eager
c) weak
d) harmless
23. His ... had always been to become an architect.
a) study
b) want
c) ambition
d) imagination
24. The aeroplane ... down at Cairo on its way to India.
a) remained
b) stayed
c) visited
d) touched
25. Be quiet! It's rude to ... people when they are speaking.
a) interfere
b) interrupt
c) prevent
d) introduce
6. 26. Children ... good food if they are to be healthy.
a) have
b) receive
c) eat
d) need
27. Her parents were very ... because she was out so late that night.
a) resposible
b) sorry
c) worried
d) overcome
28. After a lot of difficulty, he ... to open the door.
a) managed
b) succeeded
c) obtained
d) realised
29. The tenants were ... not to disturb other tenants after 1 p.m.
a) appealed
b) demanded
c) informed
d) requested
30. Finding the money is just one of the problems ... in buying a house.
a) gathered
b) united
c) joined
d) involved
7. 31. ... are prepared from flour or meal derived from some form of grain.
a) With bakery products
b) While bakery products
c) Bakery products
d) They are bakery products
32. Glass that has ben tempered may be up to ...
a) five times as hard as ordinary glass
b) as hard as ordinary glass five times
c) hard as ordinary glass times five
d) ordinary glass as hard as five times
33. Legumes take nitrogen into their roots ... the air.
a) except
b) however
c) but
d) from
34. The bodies of living crearures are organized into many different
systems, each of which has ... function
a) certainly
b) a certain
c) it is certainly
d) to be certain
35. While staying in Florence, Italy, in 1894, ... that she had a talent for,
sculpture and began taking lessons.
a) philanthropist Winifred Holt discovered
b) that the philanthropist Winifred Holt
c) discovered by philanthropist Winifred Holt
d) there pilanthropist Winifred Holt discovered
8. 36. The juice contained in the bristles of the nettle causes an intense itch
when ... a person's skin.
a) it enters
b) entering it
c) there it enters
d) its entry into
37. ... west of the Rocky Mountains.
a) Tornadoes almost occur never
b) Tornadoes never occur almost
c) Never tornadoes almost occur
d) Tornadoes almost never occur
38. ... created the donkey and elephant that symbolize the Democratic
and Republican parties.
a) Although Thomas Nast
b) That was Thomas Nast
c) Thomas Nast, who
d) It was Thomas Nast who
39. Perhaps the oldest theories of business cycles are ... that link their
cause to fluctuations the harvest.
a) whatever
b) everything
c) those
d) them
40. In ... , the advent of the telephone, radio, and television has made
rapid long-distance communication possible.
a) one hundred years later
b) one hundred years ago
c) the one hundred years since
d) the last one hundred years
9. 41. Not every pearl that is found ...
a) of value
b) is valuable
c) to be valued
d) valuable
42. The clay burial vessels from the early Hopewell culture of North
America are decorated with zigzag, grooved, and ...
a) geometrically disigned
b) designs are geometric
c) geometric designs
d) geometric designed
43. Only rarely ... neuroses leave a peerson unable to function in
everyday situations
a) has
b) are
c) do
d) that
44. Pure naphthe is highly explosive if ... to an open flame.
a) if exposed
b) exposed
c) expose it
d) is it exposed
45. Sidney Lanier was most famous for his poetry, but ... a schoolteacher,
a literary critic, and a musician.
a) was including
b) he was also
c) moreover he
d) together with
46. Ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians and the Mesopotamian
10. ... goods rather than use money.
a) use to trade
b) is used to trade
c) used to trade
d) was used to trade
47. Violence on American campuses has abated ...
a) after 1970
b) in 1970
c) for 1970
d) since 1970
48. Most Americans don't object ... them by their first names.
a) that I call
b) to my calling
c) for calling
d) that I am call
49. General Grant had General Lee ... him at Appomattox to sign official
surrender of the Confederate forces.
a) to meet
b) met
c) meet
d) meeting
50. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky
Mountains National Park ... for the Cherokee Indian settlements.
a) also
b) and
c) but also
d) because of
11. 51. If ruby is heated it ... temporarily lose its color.
a) would
b) will
c) does
d) has
52. ... small specimen of he embryonic fluid is removed from a fetus, if
will be possible to determine whether the baby will be born with birth
defects.
a) A
b) That a
c) If a
d) When it is a
53. All of the people at the AAME conference are ...
a) mathematic teachers
b) mathematics teachers
c) mathematics teacher
d) mathematic's teacher
54. To generate income, magazine publishers must decide whether to
increase the subscription price or ...
a) to sell advertising
b) if they should sell advertising
c) selling advertising
d) sold advertising
55. If if ... more humid in the desert Southwest the hot temperatures
would be unbearable.
a) be
b) is
c) was
d) were
12. 56. ... Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age, is the first manlike
animal.
a) It is generally believed that
b) Generally believed it is
c) Believed generally is
d) That it is generally believed
57. For the investor who ... money, silver or bonds are good options.
a) has so little a
b) has very little
c) has so few
d) has very few
58. Peices for bikes can run ... 250$.
a) as high as
b) as high to
c) so high to
d) so high as
59. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my
degree, ...
a) my education will be employed by the university
b) employment will be given to me by the university
c) the university will employ me
d) I will be employed by the university.
60. Travelers ... their reservations well in advance if they want to fly
during the Christmas holidays.
a) had better to get
b) had to get better
c) had better get
d) had better got
61. Question 61-65
13. By adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their chilrden
can substantially increase their chldren's language development. It's
surprising, but true. How parents talk to their children makes a big
difference in the children's language development. If a parent
encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading,
the child's laguage skills increase.
A study was done with two- to three-year-old children and their parents.
Half of the thirty children participated in the experimental study; the
other half acted as the control group. In the experimental group, the
parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught
to ask open-ended questions rather than yes/no questions. For example,
the parent should ask. "What is the doggie doing?" rather than, "Is the
doggie running away?" Experimental parents were also instructed in
how to expand on their children's answers, how to suggest alternative
possibilities, and how to praise correct answers.
At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ on measures of
language development, but at the end of one month, the children in the
experimental group tested 5.5 months ahead of the control group on a
test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children
in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the
children in the control group.
61. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?
a) Children who talk a lot are more intelligent
b) Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.
c) Active children should read more.
d) Verbal ability can easily be increased.
62. In line 3, what does "it's" refer to?
a) Parents increasing children's language development
b) reading techniques being simple
c) parents reading to children
d) children's language development
63. According to the author, which of the following questions is the best
type to ask children about reading?
a) do you see the elephant?
b) is the elephant in the cage?
c) what animals do you like?
d) shall we go to the zoo?
14. 64. What was the difference between the control group and the
experimental group?
a) The training parents received
b) The age of the children
c) The books that were read
d) The number of children
65. What conclusion is best supported by this passage?
a) Parents should be trained to read to their children.
b) The more children read, the more intelligent they become.
c) Children's language skills increase when they are required to
respond actively.
d) Children who read actively act six month older.
66. Questions 66-71
Precipitation, commonly referred to as rainfall, is a measure of the
quantity of water in the form of either rain, hail, or snow which reaches
the ground. The average annual precipitation over the whole of the
United States is thirty-six inches. It should be understood however, that a
foot of snow is not equal to a foot of precipitation. A general formula for
computing the precipitation of snowfall is that ten inches of snow is equal
to one inch of precipitation. In New York State, for example, twenty
inches of precipitation. Forty inches of rain would be recorded as forty
inches of precipitation. The total annual precipitation would be recorded
as forty-two inches.
The amount of precipitation is a combined result of several factors,
including location, altitude, proximity to the sea, and the direction of
prevailing winds. Most of the precipitation in the United States is
brought originally by prevailing winds from the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf
of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Great Lakes. Because these
prevailing winds generally come from the West, the Pacific Coast
received more annual precipitation than the Atlantic Coast. Along the
Pacific Coast itself, however, altitude causes some diversity in rainfall.
66. What does this passage mainly discuss?
a) Precipitation
b) Snowfall
c) New York State
d) A general formula
67. Which of the following is another word that is often used in place of
15. precipitation?
a) Humidity
b) Wetness
c) Rainfall
d) Rain-snow
68. The term precipitation includes
a) Only rainfall
b) Rain, hail, and snow
c) Rain, snow, and humidity
d) Rain, hail, and humidity
69. What is the average annual rainfall in inches in the United States?
a) Thirty-six inches
b) Thirty-eight inches
c) Forty inches
d) Forty-two inches
70. If a state has 40 inches of snow in a year, by how much does this
increase the annual precipitation?
a) By two feet
b) By four inches
c) By four feet
d) By 40 inches
71. Where is the annual precipitation highest?
a) The Atlantic Coast
b) The Great Lakes
c) The Gulf of Mexico
d) The Pacific Coast
16. 72. Questions 72-78
Today's cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their
predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free
than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines
have already been developed that run on alternative sources of power,
such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen,
and propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option
presently available.
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful,
compact battery or other dependable source of current is available,
transportation experts foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles
entering everyday life: shorter - range commuter electric cars, three -
wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes, and trolleys.
As automakers works to develop practical vehicles, urban planners and
utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and
make the best use of the new cars. Public charging facilities will need to
be as common as today's gas stations. Public parking spots on the street
or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow
drivers to charge their batteries while they shop, dine, or attend a
concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient
parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses, and neighborhood
vehicles all meeting at transit centres that would have facilities for
charging and renting. Commuters will be able to rent a variety of electric
cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small
cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt
take place on automated freeways capable of handling five times the
number of vehicles that can be carried by a freeway today.
72. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in passage
EXCEPT
a) vans
b) trains
c) planes
d) trolleys
73. The author's purpose in the passage is to
a) criticize conventional vehicles
b) support the invention of electric cars
c) narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles
d) describe the possibilities for transportation in the future
74. The passage would most likely be followed by details about
17. a) automated freeways
b) pollution restrictions in the future
c) the neighborhood of the future
d) electric shuttle buses
75. In the second paragraph the author implies that
a) a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed
b) everyday life will stay much the same in the future
c) a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of
transportation
d) electric vehicles are not practical for the future
76. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be
a) more convenient than they are today
b) equipped with charging devices
c) much larger than they are today
d) as common as today's gas stations
77. This passage would most likely be found in a
a) medical journal
b) history book
c) popular psychology periodical
d) textbook on urban planning
78. The word " charging" in this passage refers to
a) electricity
b) credit cards
c) aggression
d) lightening
18. 79. Question 79-84
At two o'clock one very hot August Sunday, Mrs Pendlebury sat down in
the sitting-room, where it was always cool, to write to her son Frank,
who lived in Australia. By four o'clock she had written, 'Dear Frank,
Thank you for your last letter, sorry I have been so long replying, only' -
and that was all. Only what? Frank's last letter, or rather his wife
Veronica's last letter, for she did all the writing except at Christmas, had
arrived in March. How did she explain five month's silence? She hadn't
been ill. She hadn't been what you could call busy. Nothing had
happened to write to Australia about, that was the trouble. It would be
insulting and childish.
She'd been invited so many times to go and meet all Frank's family.
Every year for the last ten years since he started making money out of
his farm, Frank had invited her to visit them in Australia, all expenses
paid, for as long as she chose to stay. Always she had replied 'We 'll see'
But it never went further.
Sometime Mrs Pendlebury wondered if the people in the coloured
photographs they kept sending existed at all. Was that Frank, now quite
a lof heavier than that confident-looking boy of nineteen who had gone
out to Australia so long ago? And his wife, Veronica, who had long red
hair and a permanent smile - who was she ? Mrs Pendlebury had studied
her photographs extremely closely and still she could get no idea. Her
letters were warm and friendly enough but they were only words on
paper. You couldn't tell from letters. At least, Mrs Pendlebury hope you
couldn't. Heaven forbid that any one should judge her by her painful
letters. Only her grandchildren's little messages had any real value.
Surprisingly, the girl Carol, who was fourteen, did not write well and
never had much to say, but the boy Paul who was ten , was a gook writer.
She enjoyed his little letters and it made her sad to think he would never
know from her few words how pleased she was. What a waste ! Three
lovely grandchildren growing up not even knowing their grandmother.
frank already talked of Carol coming over on her own soon and it really
worried her. What would she do with a strange girl? It was the baby she
most wanted, Alexander, aged einghteen months, would be no problem.
79. why was Mrs Pendlebury finding ot difficult to write to her son,
Frank?
a) She did not want to tell hem about her troubles
b) It was too hot to concentrate on writing
c) She was hurt that he had not written racently
d) There was nothing particular to write about
19. 80. Mrs Pendlebury had never been to Autralia because
a) she had never been able to make up her mind to go.
b) she had thought Frank would not really welcome her.
c) she had been to busy with her own concerns.
d) she did not have enough money for the fare.
81. What did Mrs Pendlebury feel when she looked at photographs of
Frank and his family?
a) She doubted if they were as happy as they seemed.
b) She felt that they were all strangers to her.
c) She wondered if the photographs were genuine.
d) She could no longer feel much interest in them.
82. What did Mrs Pendlebury feel about her own letters to Frank and his
family?
a) They were not as interesting as her grandchildren's to her.
b) They would have been better with some photographs.
c) They could not express what she really felt.
d) They sounded full of complaints.
83. Paul's letters to Mrs Pendlebury
a) disappointed her because they were so short.
b) were not as interesting as his mother's.
c) made her more dissatisfied with her own.
d) were just a waste of time.
84. What did Mrs Pendlebury feel about the possibility of Carol visting
her?
a) She was uncertain how to entertain her.
b) She was concerned about Carol travelling alone.
c) She was pleased that Carol wanted to come.
d) She wanted the whole family to come.
20. 85. Questions 85-90
Professor Meredith Thirng, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at
Queen Mary College, London showed off his latest invention to the Press
yesterday. It is a mechanical coal miner which, he claims, could solve
Britain's energy problems within ten years. Not that he thinks the
National Coal Board will be at interested.
'I have taken my previous ideas of mechanical mining to previous
Chairmen of the Board but each time nothing has happended' he said.
'The Board are not thinking enough about the future. My latest idea
would put the cost of coal down and produce twice as much with the sam
labour force'.
Professor Thring finished making his mechanical coal miner only on
Sunday night. He showed the wooden model yesterday at Queen Mary
College. It is rather like a giant ant, with a headlight, two TV camera
'eyes' and arms the same size and strength as human arms.
This particular coal miner, however, would only be eighteen inches tall,
which would enable it to mine much smaller areas of coal than those that
can be mined by human beings. It would open up rich areas of coal in the
Durham coal fields which have not been workable since the last century.
'I would have thought the unions would be delighted with the mechanical
coal miners', said Professor Thring. 'We woukd be employing as many
miners as at present, with all their skills, but they would all be working
on the surface.'
The human miner would in fact sit at the controls above ground. He
would put his hands into 'gloves' and work the metal hands of the coal
miner as if they were his own. The mechanical miner could go down as
deep as 10,000 feet, and would cost 10,000$.
'It will put the cost of coal down because the cost of the machines is going
to be very low in relationto the present cost of supplying fresh air to
miner'. said Professor Thring. 'There need be no oxygen present, and
this would mean there would be no risk of explosions.'
The Professor does his economic sums as follows. Britain needs each year
as much energy as 350 million tons of coal would provide; and North Sea
oil will only provide the same amount of energy as 150million tons of coal
for fifty years, while the cost of nuclear power is ten times greater than
the cost of getting oil.
'We can get ten times as much coal as North Sea oil. We could have 250
million tons a year - double the present amount - for 200 years at least,
and solve the energy crisis. The mechanical coal miner could be
developed and active within six or seven years.'
Could be, certainly ! But Professor Thring knows very well how much
luck he will need to succeed, which is why he gave the public display of
his latest invention yesterday, to try to get opinion-makers on his side.
21. 85. Professor Thring's mechanical coal miner
a) has already been seen by the Coal Board.
b) is his first invention.
c) looks like a TV camera.
d) is not yet in production.
86. What is Professor Thring's invention?
a) a kind of machine which miners ride on
b) a machine to supply fresh air to tunnels
c) digging machine operated at a distance
d) a form of metal protective clothing
87. What particular advantage does Professor Thring's coal miner have?
a) It does not have to go deep underground.
b) It can work in very narrow spaces.
c) It can work in the open air.
d) It is twice as strong as a human miner.
88. Why does Professor Thring think that the unions should be pleased
about his invention?
a) A lot more miner will be needed.
b) Miners will earn over 10,000$ a year.
c) Miners will not have to work underground any more.
d) It will reduce the risk of explosions.
89. Why does Professor Thring think it is important for Britain to
produce more coal?
a) North Sea oil costs far more than coal to produce.
b) Coal could be sold for ten times the present price.
c) Britain has large reserves of coal.
d) Britain cannot afford nuclear power.
22. 90. Professor Thring expects that the Coal Board.
a) will reject his idea.
b) will listen to the Press.
c) will be unable to develop his invention.
d) will reduce coal output.
91. Question 91-95
It was a Devonshire farmer called Ben Jesty, who lived more than two
hundred years ago, who began the development of vaccination as a
method of protecting people against many diseases. In 1774 there was a
severe outbreak of the disease smallpox in his local village. He already
knew of the traditional belief that an attack of cowpox gave people
protection against smallpox and he saw proof of this at this time. Two of
his farm workers had previously developed cowpox sores on their hands
through milking infected cows and had then nursed their own families
through the smallpox outbreak without catching the disease them-selves.
Jesty had already had cowpox, but his wife and their two young children
had not. Concerned for their safety, he scratched their arms with a large
needle and then put fluid from the cowpox sores on an infected cow into
these scratched. Although the Jesty family were criticized by local people
who thought that this 'experiment' was morally wrong, they never
caught smallpox.
But the real breakthrough came some twenty years later in 1796 when
Edward Jenner, an English country doctor, made the first scientifec
approaches to the subject of protection against desease by vaccination
methods. His experiments proved the value of vaccination with material
from cowpox sores, and he also found that using material from an
infected human on another human produced only a small sore at the spot
where the treatment had been carried out and very few other singns of
the disease.
It was at about this time, too, that the now familiar name 'vaccine' for
the material used in the process of 'vaccination'- from the Latin nam for
cowpox, 'vaccinia' (the Latin 'Vacca' means 'cow') - came into use.
Jenner's vaccination techniques spread across the world faster than the
disease itself. Napoleon had his troops vaccinated and in Russia the first
child to be vaccinated was given the name 'Vaccinof'. President Jefferson
of the United States said in a letter to Jenner, 'Future nations will know
by history only that the terrible disease of smallpox existed and that it
had been destroyed by you'. Forward-looking words indeed ! In 1980,
the World Health Assembly officially declared that smallpox had
completely disappeared from the world.
91. What important thing did Ben Jesty realize?
a) Cows did not catch smallpox.
b) Farm workers often caught cowpox.
23. c) people who had had cowpox did not catch smallpox
d) There was not difference between cowpox and smallpox.
92. The local people thought that what Jesty did was
a) wicked
b) foolish
c) sensible
d) scientific
93. Why did Edward Jenner become famous?
a) He started the development of vaccination.
b) He proved that vaccination worked.
c) He travelled round the world vaccinating people.
d) He persuaded most people in Europe to be vaccinated.
94. Jenner's techniques were
a) successful in getting rid of smallpox in his lifetime.
b) too advanced for people to accept at the time
c) adopted very rapidly throughout the world.
d) neglected for almost two hundred years.
95. Why did the word ' vaccine' come into use?
a) The first child to be treated with a 'vaccine' was called Vaccinof.
b) The earliest ' vaccine' was used to protect cows.
c) 'Vaccine' was the traditional country name for smallpox.
d) The Latin name for cowpox was 'vaccinia'.
96. Ailine pilots have high social status and earn a great deal of money.
Air hostesses have an uncertain status and earn little. For those recently
qualified, the basic pay in some airlines is as little as 300$ a month, and
there are always some who will bescribe them as 'glorified waitresses in
the sky'. This is little to balance against the possibility of a hijack or a
disaster. So why do they do it?
I went to see Diane Humphreys, Senior Hostess with Dan-Air at
Manchester Airport, to try to find the answer to this question. Mrs
Humphreys is responsible for all Dan-Air's cabin staff based at the
24. airport and is also involved in their selection. She has had the job for 16
years. Before that she was an ordinary air hostess for six years.
One reason why air hostesses don't get over-anxious about flying may be
that they've so busy, before, during and after a flight. I asked Mrs
Humphreys to tell me what a typical summer timetable for a hostess
would be. She said that four of five flights a week during the summer
timetable for a hostess would be. She said that four or five flights a week
during the summer is not uncommon.
'On a Monday morning, a hostess might have an early morning fight,
perhaps at 7 a.m. She has to check in 1,5 hours before the flight - maybe
at half past five - that might mean leaving home at 4 a.m. Before the
flight, hostesses have to prepare the cabin and toilets and make sure that
the food and drink are aboard. Dan- Air don't do long-distance flights,
just short of medium distance ones. and so there are no overnight
stopovers unless weather conditions prevent taken-off or landing, or the
plane develops technical problems. There's a 45-minute turn around
interval, when the hostesses have to prepare the plane for the return
flight. Depending on where you're flying, this can make it a 12- hour
day; with delays it can even be 16 hours'.
'During the flight you've got no time to relax- the safety instructions have
to be demonstrated and the food and drinks served. You're always busy.
So one day you might have an early morning flight; the next an afernoon
flight; the day after you might be on relief duty and have to be ready to
work if someone else becomes ill or there is an emergency. This means
that you have to stay near a phone all the time and be no more than an
hour and a half from the airport'.
96. in her job Diane Humphreys
a) is in charge of Dan-Air's air hostesses world-wide.
b) supervises all Manchester Airport staff.
c) helps with the appointment of Manchester's Dan-Air cabin staff.
d) looks after aircrews they are in Manchester.
97. In summer Dan-Air's hostesses usuallly work
a) completely variable hours each week.
b) alternate days on and off duty.
c) six days a week of 12-16 hours each.
d) relief days after night flights.
25. 98. When can air hostesses relax?
a) before a flight takes off
b) when the plane is in the air
c) when the plane has landed
d) never at all
99. What does being on relief duty involve?
a) staying at the airport for the day
b) remaining neara telephone all the time
c) telephoning the airport every 1.5 hours
d) preparing for a night flight during the day
100. According to this passage, the job of an air hostess is
a) well paid
b) glamorous
c) tiring
d) boring