DESIGN OF A MODEL HAULAGE TECHNIQUE FOR WATER FLOODING CAISSON ASSEMBLY.Emeka Ngwobia
Presented in this study is the engineering solution to the movement of a 63m, 45tons Caisson from a fabrication yard to a field location in the Gulf of guinea. This was achieved by dividing the whole process into three stages; firstly by using excel sheets with relevant design formulas to design the spreader bar configuration to lift the caisson from the quayside to a crane barge conveniently, showing the necessary lifting sequence employed to complete this process, also designing the lifting accessories needed which includes pad eyes, shackles, wire rope and spreader bars according to relevant codes and standards The first spreader Is an I beam of length of 25m and section with dimension 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m, the second beam and the third beam are designed similarly as an I beam of length 9m and section 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m. The choice of pad eye to be welded on the spreader beam was based on the working limit of the pad eye, which was analytically designed using spread sheet, performing necessary checks to make sure it will not break off during the lifting operations. It is reinforced with cheek plates at the pin hole to reduce the stresses at the pin hole. The total pad eye used for this operation is 16. The choice of shackle attached to each of the pad eye was based on the total self weight of all the lifting materials(55tons), according to the Crosby group catalogue it is an S2130 bow shackle of Nominal size 50.8mm, Stock no 1019659 and weight 23.7002kg, also the wire rope configuration chosen to based on the safe working load limit according to the Bethlehem wire rope general purpose catalogue ASME B30.5- 1995 the wire rope has nominal strength of 53.1tons, sling class 19x7 IWRC(Purple or extra improved ploy (EIP Steel).
. Secondly, by providing solutions to sea fastening for the caisson on the deck of the crane barge, which was modeled using STAADPRO, which involved support designs and loss of support designs, so as to accommodate for the hydrodynamic effect while the caisson is being transported by the crane barge, having in mind that the crane barge chosen will adequately accommodate the caisson because of the deck space required to fit the 63m long caisson, from the analysis the Caisson is supported by steel beams spaced at 10 m interval which is fastened with the aid of a clamp as seen in the detailed drawings, this caisson and beam supports are modeled with staadpro software and support reactions obtained. These supports are now spaced at 20 m intervals and analyzed to simulate a situation where there is a loss of support reaction during transportation of the caisson. A saddle clamp is to joined to a H beam for support to hold it to the deck at varying length and at the starting point a pivot made from a pad eye joined with a pin to connect the saddle clamp to allow for easy lifting of the caisson when it is at 25m to the FPSO.
Methods of Shore Observations for Horizontal position FixingNzar Braim
This report is about the methods of observations of the shore for fixing the horizontal
control position, I will try to explain the hydrographic engineering science within its
advantages and applications and the most common methods used in hydrography
briefly.
We knew that the depths of the water bodies at various points and will be changed
and unstable so Depths are determined by making sounding which is determining the
depth of water from the stationary boat and the positions of sounding can be determined
either from the boat from shore or both of them.
If we want to make a survey Project or let's say if a surveyor wants to make a survey
project for hydrographic surveying and observation for this project so he needs
many processes many preparations many techniques many tools equipment and
So For establishing horizontal control and vertical control points, we have many
methods either offshore or onshore or both I mean from a boat or shore or both
consequently, I wrote a report about this important t subject and In this report I
mention all methods and explain the three applicable and using methods that have
been used in hydrographic surveying and also mention which method is good or
better than the other and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.At the end
my aim for preparing this report is to show the importance of hydrographic surveying
and how these methods can be used and all require and need for these methods and
also mention all steps, all equations that must be used for these methods.
Finally most important point I should mention it is a co-ordinated system or finding the
coordinates .the surveyor deals with the coordinates, so we make all these processes,
learning all methods, equations, formulas, steps, establishing control points, all above
just for one purpose which is finding the or calculating coordinate, and the most
the important thing in coordinate is accuracy, avoiding errors and uncertainty.
Marine fieldwork looking in depth at all the requirement and methodologies necessary to be able to organise, record and extrapolate data from sampled marine mammals, sea birds, fish and benthic marine life assemblages.
Analysis and Design of Marine Berthing StructureIJERA Editor
In the present dissertation a berthing structure was analyzed and designed using different load conditions and the best possible way to construct a new berthing structure was described. All the suitable and useful data was adopted from the proposed site location at Visakhapatnam Port and studied carefully before designing the structure. The proposed berthing structure was modeled with suitable geometry using STAADPRO, after which all considerable loads on the structure were induced and analyzed carefully. Different sectional dimensions were trialed during the analysis and the most acceptable structure was designed with providing all structural members with suitable reinforcement and satisfying all marine safety conditions.
Hydrographic survey is the survey of physical features present underwater.
This slide briefs you about the definition of the survey, its application, use, etc. It also discusses the sounding process used in the hydrographic survey.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Scour investigation around single and two piers sidebyside arrangementeSAT Journals
Abstract Laboratory experiments concerning scour development around single and two piers side by side arrangement have been conducted in order to provide a comparison of scour depths and patterns. The experiments are carried out under unidirectional currents of clear-water scour conditions. A variety of conditions including different flow depths, pier diameters and pier spacing are considered to have significant influence on the development of the potential scour hole. The research on local scour around single and two piers side by side arrangement are studied by using a 15.24 m long, 0.46 m wide and 0.4 m deep flume in the Hydraulics and Hydrology Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).Experimental results describing the scour-hole depths and patterns are discussed. The results show that the magnitude and extent of the scour depth depends directly on pier size, pier spacing and flow condition. Piers, which are larger in diameter, produced greater scour depth. It also shows that by increasing the pier spacing, the scour depth around two piers decreases and closes to values of single pier. The two piers act as an obstruction which disturbed the flow field and caused large turbulence levels to be generated. Thereby, a further increase in the scouring velocity is produced giving relatively higher scour depth values. The prime factors governing the local scouring process associated with piers are pier spacing, horseshoe vortex, reinforcing and sheltering. The results show that good agreement with previous study where the down flow causes of increased scour for a single pier case. Meanwhile, the horseshoe vortex appears to be the main cause of scour in the case of two piers side by side arrangement. Keywords: Scour depth, Flow pattern, Single pier, Side by side piers, Pier spacing, Horseshoe vortex
production engineering 2 topic.
which includes the production logging tools, its application, categories of application and also some uses of the log with example in the practical life and physics.
DESIGN OF A MODEL HAULAGE TECHNIQUE FOR WATER FLOODING CAISSON ASSEMBLY.Emeka Ngwobia
Presented in this study is the engineering solution to the movement of a 63m, 45tons Caisson from a fabrication yard to a field location in the Gulf of guinea. This was achieved by dividing the whole process into three stages; firstly by using excel sheets with relevant design formulas to design the spreader bar configuration to lift the caisson from the quayside to a crane barge conveniently, showing the necessary lifting sequence employed to complete this process, also designing the lifting accessories needed which includes pad eyes, shackles, wire rope and spreader bars according to relevant codes and standards The first spreader Is an I beam of length of 25m and section with dimension 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m, the second beam and the third beam are designed similarly as an I beam of length 9m and section 533mm by 229mm weighing 129kg/m. The choice of pad eye to be welded on the spreader beam was based on the working limit of the pad eye, which was analytically designed using spread sheet, performing necessary checks to make sure it will not break off during the lifting operations. It is reinforced with cheek plates at the pin hole to reduce the stresses at the pin hole. The total pad eye used for this operation is 16. The choice of shackle attached to each of the pad eye was based on the total self weight of all the lifting materials(55tons), according to the Crosby group catalogue it is an S2130 bow shackle of Nominal size 50.8mm, Stock no 1019659 and weight 23.7002kg, also the wire rope configuration chosen to based on the safe working load limit according to the Bethlehem wire rope general purpose catalogue ASME B30.5- 1995 the wire rope has nominal strength of 53.1tons, sling class 19x7 IWRC(Purple or extra improved ploy (EIP Steel).
. Secondly, by providing solutions to sea fastening for the caisson on the deck of the crane barge, which was modeled using STAADPRO, which involved support designs and loss of support designs, so as to accommodate for the hydrodynamic effect while the caisson is being transported by the crane barge, having in mind that the crane barge chosen will adequately accommodate the caisson because of the deck space required to fit the 63m long caisson, from the analysis the Caisson is supported by steel beams spaced at 10 m interval which is fastened with the aid of a clamp as seen in the detailed drawings, this caisson and beam supports are modeled with staadpro software and support reactions obtained. These supports are now spaced at 20 m intervals and analyzed to simulate a situation where there is a loss of support reaction during transportation of the caisson. A saddle clamp is to joined to a H beam for support to hold it to the deck at varying length and at the starting point a pivot made from a pad eye joined with a pin to connect the saddle clamp to allow for easy lifting of the caisson when it is at 25m to the FPSO.
Methods of Shore Observations for Horizontal position FixingNzar Braim
This report is about the methods of observations of the shore for fixing the horizontal
control position, I will try to explain the hydrographic engineering science within its
advantages and applications and the most common methods used in hydrography
briefly.
We knew that the depths of the water bodies at various points and will be changed
and unstable so Depths are determined by making sounding which is determining the
depth of water from the stationary boat and the positions of sounding can be determined
either from the boat from shore or both of them.
If we want to make a survey Project or let's say if a surveyor wants to make a survey
project for hydrographic surveying and observation for this project so he needs
many processes many preparations many techniques many tools equipment and
So For establishing horizontal control and vertical control points, we have many
methods either offshore or onshore or both I mean from a boat or shore or both
consequently, I wrote a report about this important t subject and In this report I
mention all methods and explain the three applicable and using methods that have
been used in hydrographic surveying and also mention which method is good or
better than the other and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.At the end
my aim for preparing this report is to show the importance of hydrographic surveying
and how these methods can be used and all require and need for these methods and
also mention all steps, all equations that must be used for these methods.
Finally most important point I should mention it is a co-ordinated system or finding the
coordinates .the surveyor deals with the coordinates, so we make all these processes,
learning all methods, equations, formulas, steps, establishing control points, all above
just for one purpose which is finding the or calculating coordinate, and the most
the important thing in coordinate is accuracy, avoiding errors and uncertainty.
Marine fieldwork looking in depth at all the requirement and methodologies necessary to be able to organise, record and extrapolate data from sampled marine mammals, sea birds, fish and benthic marine life assemblages.
Analysis and Design of Marine Berthing StructureIJERA Editor
In the present dissertation a berthing structure was analyzed and designed using different load conditions and the best possible way to construct a new berthing structure was described. All the suitable and useful data was adopted from the proposed site location at Visakhapatnam Port and studied carefully before designing the structure. The proposed berthing structure was modeled with suitable geometry using STAADPRO, after which all considerable loads on the structure were induced and analyzed carefully. Different sectional dimensions were trialed during the analysis and the most acceptable structure was designed with providing all structural members with suitable reinforcement and satisfying all marine safety conditions.
Hydrographic survey is the survey of physical features present underwater.
This slide briefs you about the definition of the survey, its application, use, etc. It also discusses the sounding process used in the hydrographic survey.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Scour investigation around single and two piers sidebyside arrangementeSAT Journals
Abstract Laboratory experiments concerning scour development around single and two piers side by side arrangement have been conducted in order to provide a comparison of scour depths and patterns. The experiments are carried out under unidirectional currents of clear-water scour conditions. A variety of conditions including different flow depths, pier diameters and pier spacing are considered to have significant influence on the development of the potential scour hole. The research on local scour around single and two piers side by side arrangement are studied by using a 15.24 m long, 0.46 m wide and 0.4 m deep flume in the Hydraulics and Hydrology Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).Experimental results describing the scour-hole depths and patterns are discussed. The results show that the magnitude and extent of the scour depth depends directly on pier size, pier spacing and flow condition. Piers, which are larger in diameter, produced greater scour depth. It also shows that by increasing the pier spacing, the scour depth around two piers decreases and closes to values of single pier. The two piers act as an obstruction which disturbed the flow field and caused large turbulence levels to be generated. Thereby, a further increase in the scouring velocity is produced giving relatively higher scour depth values. The prime factors governing the local scouring process associated with piers are pier spacing, horseshoe vortex, reinforcing and sheltering. The results show that good agreement with previous study where the down flow causes of increased scour for a single pier case. Meanwhile, the horseshoe vortex appears to be the main cause of scour in the case of two piers side by side arrangement. Keywords: Scour depth, Flow pattern, Single pier, Side by side piers, Pier spacing, Horseshoe vortex
production engineering 2 topic.
which includes the production logging tools, its application, categories of application and also some uses of the log with example in the practical life and physics.
2. 2
INTRODUCTION (1.0)
This above mentionedtechnical report is part of the
Compulsory and obligatory requirements for the completion
and award of hyperbaric certification in Surface Suppliedair
Diving Course (Class 2 mention A) of Institut Nationalde
Plongee Professionnelle (INPP) of Marseille,France.
It centers basicallyon the metrology, i.e. measurements
and drawings of a rectangular steel structure and a section of
the Warf profile of the INPP harbor.
Metrology is the science of measurement, embracing both
experimental and theoretical determinationat any level of
uncertainty in any science and technology. It is a very broad
field and is sub-dividedinto three (3) parts.
(a) Scientific or FundamentalMetrology
(b) Appliedor industrialMetrology
(c) Legal Metrology
3. 3
THE WORKSITE (1.1)
The project was carried out in the South-eastern part of
the MediteraneanSea, precisely, Institut Nationalde Plongee
Professionnelle (INPP), Marseille,France between the 1st
and
2nd
of August, 2011.
The weather conditionof the area gave a temperature
range of between 24°C to 34°C in the summer period.
The saline sea water has an average temperature of 15°C
with density of 1.03. The reduced wave and tide action allowed
easy and good access to the workstation during the period of
work. The visibilitywas also good, ranging between 2-3 meters
from the object.
EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS (1.2)
Engineering or technologicalreports are aided
fundamentallyby tools, without which it is impossible to carry
out or obtain data and analysisof reports.
In our research, the following toolswere employed:
(a) Measuring tape
(b) Rope
(c) Drawing board
(d) Pencil
4. 4
(e) VariableVolume Diving Suit
(f) KMB 18 and 37 helmets
(g) Control Panel for Divers Communication
(h) Breathing gas i.e. Air e.t.c
SAFETY PROCEDURES (1.3)
The safety rules and regulationswere strictly followed in
accordance with Decree no 90.277 of 28th
March 1990, Decree
of 28th
January 1991, Decree of 28th
March 1991 and Decree of
15th
May 1992.
The divers were safely kitted with variablevolume suits,
KMB 18 and 37 helmets, diving knife, gloves, safety shoes and
fins. The main air supply, emergency air supply, rescue tank and
bail-outtanks were all at an average minimum of 190bars.
The job was carried out under good surveillanceof
supervisors (trainee) and instructors. All the toolsand
equipmentswere well secured to the divers, so there was no
loss of equipment.
The decompression stops for the divers were well
calculatedand monitored using the MT92 AIR STANDARD
TABLES.
5. 5
METHODOLOGY (2.0)
This has to do with the procedures and systems employed in
the course of obtainingdata and analysisfor the compilationof
the report.
DIVING METHOD (2.1)
Air Surface SuppliedMethodwas employed, this refers to
a process using equipmentsupplied with breathing gas using an
umbilicalfrom the surface. This equipmentsand technique are
mainly used in commercial diving due to the high cost and
complexity of owning and operating the equipment.
Surface Supplieddiving equipment usuallyincludes
communicationwith the surface, which addsto the efficiency
of the diver. Breathing gas is suppliedeither from a specialized
air compressor, high-pressure cylinders or both and a back-up
source is alwayspresent in case the primary source fails. The
diver may also wear a cylinder called “bail-out bottle” which
provide gas in emergency.
6. 6
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT(2.2)
Measurements in this report were done using direct
measurements in Metric System, i.e. meters, centimeters and
millimeters.
PROFILE MAKING (2.3)
The profile was establishedthrough collationof data,
plotting of graph, drawing, free-hand sketches illustratingthe
orientationand position of the steel tank and the wharf. All
plotting and drawings are produced to the scale 1:20
SEARCH METHOD (2.4)
The search method employedfor the locationof the steel
structure within the harborfrom point zero was, “the circular
Jack-stay” method. It is a process or method in which the diver
moves round a fixed point using a radialdistance line to guide
him and snag on any object proud of the bottom.
7. 7
RESULTS AND FINDINGS (3.0)
WHARF PROFILE (3.1)
The project focused the inspectionof the part of the wharf
used as harbor for NARVAL, diving boat of INPP, Marseille.
On a general outlook, the wharf is rectangularin shape
(Appendix5), but the project focused on half part of the harbor,
which appears as letter L on the sectional drawing (Appendix1)
It is 2080cm long and 555cm wide, with height of 400cm at
the northern side and 300cm at the southern side. It consist of
12 rectangulargrooves, the 1st
groove from the northern edge
of the harbor extends the entire height of the concrete, i.e.
400cm, and the other grooves display a reductionorder in
height of about 330cm to 200cm, from the north to the south
part of the concrete pier.
There are 25 rectangularhollow structures on the
concrete pier with dimensions25cm length, 22cm depth and
8. 8
28cm width. Two each occupy a space separated by the long
groove. The second hollowstructure from the north-western
side of the pier has a deformation at the top of the hollow. The
deformation is propagated in an oval shape, forming “a cap” on
the small hollow.
STEEL STRUCTURE (3.2)
The rectangular“E-shaped” empty tank, lies on the sea-
bed at a depth of 7meters sea water. The soil profile of an area
of 1 meter around the tank is predominantlyclayishwith little
and sparsely distributed sand and rubbles, with a general
grayish to light brown coloration.
The tank is mostly rusty all-over its body, giving an
imparted reddish-brown color due to the corrosive effect of the
saline sea water.
The tank plunged in the direction of northwest-southeast,
with an angle of about 80° (Appendix4).
The geometry of the tank can be viewed in (Appendix3 and 2)
The tank is rectangularon a general outlook, with its
length aligning in the east-west direction,i.e. parallelto the
side of the platform of the “ANTEDON” harbor.
9. 9
The tank is approximately16 meters from “point zero” at
an angle of 32° to the platform of the “ANTEDON” harbor.
“Point zero” is the corner between the Nigerian harbor
platform and the “ANTEDON” platform. (Appendix5).
The tank is 330cm long, along the east-west, 290cm wide in the
north-south alignment and average thickness of 23cm.
The tank has some structural designs all over its body,
among them are 6 hollowstructures of equal dimension
(almost square in shape) on the surface and at both sides are
cylindricaland circular structures. See Appendix 3 and 2.
10. 10
CONCLUSION
The report focuses on the metrology of part of INPP wharf and
a steel structure. During the implementationof the task, safety
procedures as concerning hyperbaric environment was strictly
obeyed. The project has broadenedour knowledge and scope
on worksite organization(diving operationsplanning,
operationalresponsibilityboth on surface and underwater;
supervision, inspection,navigationand use of tools).
RECOMMENDATION
It is our view that:
The faulted groove (Appendix I ) should be subjected to
repair to avoidfurther damage.
Regular cleaningof the floor of the wharf to prevent
excessive soil and material deposits.
The steel tank (structure) should be cleaned and coated to
avoid corrosion.
And finally,such training should be encouraged to improve
trainee’s confidence on the job.