This document provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms for common verbs and verb tenses in English, including: - Present simple (regular and irregular verbs) - Present continuous - Past simple (regular and irregular verbs) - Past continuous - Present perfect It also includes examples of common time expressions used with different tenses, possessive pronouns and adjectives, interrogative words, articles, quantifiers, and an explanation of the Saxon genitive. The document serves as a reference for proper grammar structures in English.

1. BE
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I am
I’m
You are
You’re
He is
He’s
She is
She’s
It is
It’s
We are
We’re
You are
You’re
They are
They’re
NEGATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I am not
I’m not
You are not
You aren’t
He is not
He isn’t
She is not
She isn’t
It is not
It isn’t
We are not
We aren’t
You are not
You aren’t
They are not
They aren’t
HAVE
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I have got
I’ve got
You have got
You’ve got
He has got
He’s got
She has got
She’s got
It has got
It’s got
We have got
We’ve got
You have got
You’ve got
They have got
They’ve got
(PRESENT SIMPLE)
INTERROGATIVE
Am I…?
Are you…?
Is he…?
Is she…?
Is it…?
Are we…?
Are you…?
Are they…?
SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Yes, I am
No, I’m not
Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Yes, he is
No, he isn’t
Yes, She is
No, she isn’t
Yes, it is
No, it isn’t
Yes, we are
No, we aren’t
Yes, you are
No, you aren’t
Yes, they are
No, they aren’t
(PRESENT SIMPLE)
NEGATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I have not got
I haven’t got
You have not got You haven’t got
He has not got
He hasn’t got
She has not got
She hasn’t got
It has not got
It hasn’t got
We have not got We haven’t got
You have not got You haven’t got
They have not got They haven’t got
INTERROGATIVE
Have I got…?
Have you got…?
Has he got…?
Has she got…?
Has it got…?
Have we got…?
Have you got…?
Have they got…?
SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Yes, I have
No, I haven’t
Yes, you have
No, you haven’t
Yes, he has
No, he hasn’t
Yes, She has
No, she hasn’t
Yes, it has
No, it hasn’t
Yes, we have
No, we haven’t
Yes, you have
No, you haven’t
Yes, they have
No, they haven’t
GENITIVO SAJÓN: Expresa posesión. Se forma añadiendo apóstrofe+s (‘s) a la persona que posee/tiene algo, seguido del nombre que describe lo que posee:
Mary’s car (el coche de Mary), my sister’s book (el libro de mi hermana).
Los nombres propios terminados en “s” pueden añadir sólo el apóstrofe (James’ car) o las dos cosas (James’s car) = El coche de James.
Si el poseedor es plural y termina en “s”, sólo se añade el apóstrofe: My brothers’ bedroom = El dormitorio de mis hermanos.

2. PARTÍCULAS INTERROGATIVAS
WHO?
¿Quién? ¿Quiénes?
Who is her sister? Her sister is Susan
WHAT?
¿Qué?¿Cuál/cuáles?
What is your favourite song? It’s “Corazón Partío”
WHICH?
¿Cuál/Cuáles? (para elegir entre unos
cuantos
Which dress do you prefer, the red one or the black one?
WHEN?
¿Cuándo?
When is your birthday? It’s in May.
WHERE?
¿Dónde?
Where is the Alhambra? It’s in Granada
WHY?
¿Por qué?
Why are you late? Because I missed the bus
HOW?
¿Cómo?
How do you drive? I drive carefully
WHOSE?
¿De quién?
Whose is this book? It’s the teacher’s book/hers
HOW MUCH?
¿Cuánto/a? + nombre incontable
How much milk do you drink? I drink a lot of milk
HOW MANY?
¿Cuántos/cuántas?+nombre contable
How many doors are there in class? There are 30 chairs.
WHAT TIME?
¿Qué hora? ¿A qué hora?
What time is your English class? It’s at 9.40
HOW OFTEN?
¿Con qué frecuencia?
How often do you play tennis? I play tennis twice a week.
HOW LONG?
¿Cuánto tiempo?
How long have you learnt English? For 6 years.

3. PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
SUJETO
OBJETO
ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS
PRONOMBRES
POSESIVOS
I
Me
My
Mine
You
You
Your
Yours
He
Him
His
His
She
Her
Her
Hers
It
It
Its
Its
We
Us
Our
Ours
You
You
Your
Yours
They
Them
Their
Theirs
Adjetivos posesivos: Van delante de un nombre. Se
traducen: mi/mis, tu/tus, su/sus (de él, de ella, de ello),
nuestro/a/os/as, vuestro/a/os/as, su/s (de ellos)
Pronombres posesivos: sustituyen a un nombre que lleva
un posesivo: mio/a/os/as, tuyo/a/os/as, suyo/a/os/as,
nuestro/a/os/as, vuestro/a/os/as, suyo/a/os/as.

4. A/AN
(Un/una)
THE
(el/la/los/las)
SOME
(unos/unas, algunos / algunas, algo, un poco
de. A veces no se traduce)
ANY
Negativa: ningún/ninguna, nada de o no se
traduce.
Interrogativa: algunos, alguna, algo de o no
se traduce
A / AN, THE, SOME, ANY
- Se usa delante de nombres contables en singular para hablar de algo desconocido o que no
especificamos:
A + palabras que empiezan por consonante: a book, a chair
AN + palabras empezadas por vocal: an orange, an Apple
- Indica algo único o conocido para el hablante: The sun, the statue, the restaurant near my
house…
- Se usa con nombres incontables:
There is some rice in the cupboard (Hay arroz en el armario)
- También con nombres contables en plural:
There are some students in the class (Hay algunos estudiantes en clase)
- Se usa en oraciones en afirmativa.
- Se usa en los mismos casos que some (nombres incontables y nombres contables en
plural), pero en oraciones interrogativas y negativas
Is there any rice in the cupboard?= ¿Hay arroz en al armario?
Are there any students in the class? = ¿Hay estudiantes en la clase?
There isn’t any rice in the cupboard = No hay arroz…
There aren’t any students in the class = No hay estudiantes…

5. AFFIRMATIVE
N. contables en singular
THERE IS
N. incontables
HAY
(Presente)
THERE ARE
N. contables en plural
N. contables en singular
THERE WAS
N. incontables
HABÍA
(Pasado)
THERE WERE
N. contables en plural
NEGATIVE
There is a door in my class.
There isn’t a door in my class.
There is some money in my bag.
There isn’t any money in my bag.
There are four windows in my class.
There are some books on the table.
There aren’t four windows in my class.
There aren’t any books on the table.
There was a party on Saturday.
There wasn’t a party on Saturday.
There was some good music at the party.
There wasn’t any good music at the party.
There were two guitarists in the band.
There were some children in the park.
There weren’t two guitarists in the band.
There weren’t any children in the park.
INTERROGATIVE
Is there a door in your class?
Yes, there is
Is there any money in your
pocket? No, there isn’t
Are there four windows in your
class? Yes, there are
Are there any books on the
table? No, there aren’t
Was there a party on Saturday?
Yes, there was
Was there any good music at
the party? No, there wasn’t
Were there two guitarists in the
band? Yes, there were
Were there any children in the
park? No, there weren’t

6. PRESENT SIMPLE
AFFIRMATIVE
I play
You play
He plays
She plays
It plays
We play
You play
They play
NEGATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I do not play
I don’t play
You do not play
You don’t play
He does not play He doesn’t play
She does not play She doesn’t play
It does not play
It doesn’t play
We do not play
We don’t play
You do not play
You don’t play
They do not play They don’t play
INTERROGATIVE
Do I play…?
Do you play…?
Does he play…?
Does she play…?
Does it play…?
Do we play…?
Do you play…?
Do they play…?
SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Yes, I do
No, I don’t
Yes, you do
No, you don’t
Yes, he does
No, he doesn’t
Yes, she does
No, she doesn’t
Yes, it does
No, it doesn’t
Yes, we do
No, we don’t
Yes, you do
No, you don’t
Yes, they do
No, they don’t
Everyday
Every week
Every…
All the time
On Mondays…
Always
Usually
Never
Sometimes
Often
Once a year
Twice a week
Three times a day
…
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I am playing
I’m playing
You are playing You’re playing
He is playing
He’s playing
She is playing
She’s playing
It is playing
It’s playing
We are playing
We’re playing
You are playing You’re playing
They are playing They’re playing
NEGATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I am not playing
I’m not playing
You are not playing You aren’t playing
He is not playing
He isn’t playing
She is not playing
She isn’t playing
It is not playing
It isn’t playing
We are not playing We aren’t playing
You are not playing You aren’t playing
They are not playing They aren’t playing
VERBOS QUE VAN NORMALMENTE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE (STATIVE VERBS):
Want: I don’t want to dance now.
Like: He likes pop music.
Understand: He doesn’t understand the question.
Know: We know the answer.
Love, hate, think, remember, believe, feel, hope, own, see, hear…
INTERROGATIVE
Am I playing …?
Are you playing …?
Is he playing …?
Is she playing …?
Is it playing …?
Are we playing …?
Are you playing …?
Are they playing …?
SHORT
ANSWERS
Yes, I am
No, you aren’t
Yes, he is
No, she isn’t
Yes, it is
No, we aren’t
Yes, you are
No, they aren’t
EXPRESIONES
TEMPORALES
At the moment
Now
Today
This week
This morning
…

7. TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE
I was
You were
He was
She was
It was
We were
You were
They were
(PAST SIMPLE)
NEGATIVE
LONG FORM SHORT FORMS
I was not
I wasn’t
You were not
You weren’t
He was not
He wasn’t
She was not
She wasn’t
It was not
It wasn’t
We were not
We weren’t
You were not
You weren’t
They were not They weren’t
SHORT ANSWERS
INTERROGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Was I…?
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t
Were you…?
Yes, you were No, you weren’t
Was he…?
Yes, he was
No, he wasn’t
Was she…?
Yes, she was
No, she wasn’t
Was it…?
Yes, it was
No, it wasn’t
Were we…?
Yes, we were
No, we weren’t
Were you…?
Yes, you were No, you weren’t
Were they…?
Yes, they were No, they weren’t
Yesterday
Last week
Last Monday
Last year
Last night…
On Monday…
In June…
Two weeks ago
Three years ago…
In 1998…
PAST SIMPLE ( Regular Verbs)
NEGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I played
I did not play
I didn’t play
You played
You did not play You didn’t play
He played
He did not play
He didn’t play
She played
She did not play
She didn’t play
It played
It did not play
It didn’t play
We played
We did not play
We didn’t play
You played
You did not play
You didn’t play
They played
They did not play They didn’t play
SHORT ANSWERS
INTERROGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Did I play…?
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
Did you play…? Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
Did he play…?
Yes, he did
No, he didn’t
Did she play…?
Yes, she did
No, she didn’t
Did it play…?
Yes, it did
No, it didn’t
Did we play…?
Yes, we did
No, we didn’t
Did you play…? Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
Did they play…? Yes, they did No, they didn’t
Yesterday
Last week
Last Monday
Last year
Last night…
On Monday…
In June…
Two weeks ago
Three years ago…
In 1998…

8. PAST SIMPLE ( Irregular Verbs)
NEGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM
SHORT FORMS
I wrote
I did not write
I didn’t write
You wrote
You did not write You didn’t write
He wrote
He did not write
He didn’t write
She wrote
She did not write
She didn’t write
It wrote
It did not write
It didn’t write
We wrote
We did not write
We didn’t write
You wrote
You did not write
You didn’t write
They wrote
They did not write They didn’t write
SHORT ANSWERS
INTERROGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Did I write …?
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
Did you write?
Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
Did he write …?
Yes, he did
No, he didn’t
Did she write …? Yes, she did
No, she didn’t
Did it write …?
Yes, it did
No, it didn’t
Did we write …?
Yes, we did
No, we didn’t
Did you write …? Yes, you did
No, you didn’t
Did they write …? Yes, they did No, they didn’t
PAST CONTINUOUS
WAS / WERE + - ING
AFFIRMATIVE
I was writing
You were writing
He was writing
She was writing
It was writing
We were writing
You were writing
They were writing
NEGATIVE
I was not writing
You were not writing
He wasn’t writing
She wasn’t writing
It wasn’t writing
We weren’t writing
You weren’t writing
They weren’t writing
SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Was I writing …?
Yes, I was
No, I wasn’t
Were you writing?
Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Was he writing …?
Yes, he was
No, he wasn’t
Was she writing …?
Yes, she was
No, she wasn’t
Was it writing …?
Yes, it was
No, it wasn’t
Were we writing …? Yes, we were
No, we weren’t
Were you writing …? Yes, you were
No, you weren’t
Were they writing …? Yes, they were
No, they weren’t
INTERROGATIVE
Yesterday
Last week
Last Monday
Last year
Last night…
On Monday…
In June…
Two weeks ago
Three years ago…
In 1998…
All night, the
whole
day/afternoon
At 2 o’clock
yesterday;
WHILE / AS /
DURING
El Pasado continuo se utiliza para describir acciones que estaban en proceso en un momento determinado del pasado. También se usa para
describir la escena en la que ocurrió una historia.

9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE (HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE)
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM SHORT FORMS
I have seen
I’ve seen
You have seen You’ve seen
He has seen
He’s seen
She has seen
She’s seen
It has seen
It’s seen
We have seen We’ve seen
You have seen You’ve seen
They have seen They’ve seen
SHORT ANSWERS
NEGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I haven’t seen
Have I seen …?
Yes, I have
No, I haven’t
You haven’t seen Have you seen…? Yes, you have No, you haven’t
He hasn’t seen
Has he seen…?
Yes, he has
No, he hasn’t
She hasn’t seen
Has she seen …?
Yes, She has
No, she hasn’t
It hasn’t seen
Has it seen …?
Yes, it has
No, it hasn’t
We haven’t seen Have we seen …? Yes, we have No, we haven’t
You haven’t seen Have you seen …? Yes, you have No, you haven’t
They haven’t seen Have they seen …? Yes, they have No, they haven’t
INTERROGATIVE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
HOW LONG
For / since
EVER/NEVER
ALREADY/YET
JUST
LATELY/RECENTLY/
ALWAYS/SO FAR
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (HAVE/HAS + BEEN + -ing)
SHORT ANSWERS
TIME EXPRESSIONS
NEGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I’ve been waiting
I haven’t been waiting
Have I been waiting …?
Yes, I have
No, I haven’t
You’ve been waiting You haven’t been waiting Have you been waiting …? Yes, you have No, you haven’t
HOW LONG
He’s been waiting
He hasn’t been waiting
Has he been waiting …?
Yes, he has
No, he hasn’t
FOR / SINCE
She’s been waiting
She hasn’t been waiting
Has she been waiting …?
Yes, She has
No, she hasn’t
ALL DAY
It’s been waiting
It hasn’t been waiting
Has it been waiting …?
Yes, it has
No, it hasn’t
THE WHOLE WEEK
We’ve been waiting We haven’t been waiting Have we been waiting …? Yes, we have No, we haven’t
You’ve been waiting You haven’t been waiting Have you been …?
Yes, you have No, you haven’t
They’ve been waiting They haven’t been waiting Have they been waiting …? Yes, they have No, they haven’t
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
El Present Perfect Continuous se emplea para acciones ininterrumpidas. Las expresiones temporales que lo suelen acompañar nos indican
cuánto tiempo lleva ocurriendo la acción. El Present Perfect Simple se utiliza para acciones separadas, se podría contar cuántas veces ha
ocurrido algo, por lo tanto no es una acción ininterrumpida. Con el Present Perfect Continuous, la acción a la que nos referimos está
incompleta, mientras que el Present Perfect Simple suele indicar que la acción está acabada, aunque sea muy reciente.

10. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE)
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM SHORT FORMS
I had seen
I’d seen
You had seen You’d seen
He had seen
He’d seen
She had seen She’d seen
It had seen
It’d seen
We had seen
We’d seen
You had seen You’d seen
They had seen They’d seen
NEGATIVE
I hadn’t seen
You hadn’t seen
He hadn’t seen
She hadn’t seen
It hadn’t seen
We hadn’t seen
You hadn’t seen
They hadn’t seen
INTERROGATIVE
Had I seen …?
Had you seen…?
Had he seen…?
Had she seen …?
Had it seen …?
Had we seen …?
Had you seen …?
Had they seen …?
SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
Yes, I had
No, I hadn’t
Yes, you had
No, you hadn’t
Yes, he had
No, he hadn’t
Yes, She had
No, she hadn’t
Yes, it had
No, it hadn’t
Yes, we had
No, we hadn’t
Yes, you had
No, you hadn’t
Yes, they had No, they hadn’t
TIME EXPRESSIONS
WHEN
BY THE TIME
BEFORE
AFTER
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( HAD + BEEN + - ING)
El PAST PERFECT se emplea para referirnos a una acción ocurrida antes de otra acción en el pasado. La primera acción en el tiempo iría en
PAST PERFECT y la otra acción, la más cercana al presente, en PAST SIMPLE.
When I had made dinner, I called everyone to the table. (First, I made dinner; then, I called everyone)
El PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS se refiere a acciones que estaban ocurriendo antes de un punto determinado en el pasado y que terminó
en ese punto.
Our toys were in the boxes because my mother had been putting them away.

11. WAYS OF EXPRESING THE FUTURE
BE GOING TO
AFFIRMATIVE
I’m going to buy
You are going to buy
He/she/it is going to buy
We are going to buy
You are going to buy
They are going to buy
NEGATIVE
I’m not going to buy
You aren’t going to buy
He/she/it isn’t going to buy
We aren’t going to buy
You aren’t going to buy
They aren’t going to buy
INTERROGATIVE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
This evening, later, in an hour,
at 4 o’clock, tomorrow, soon
Am I going to buy?
You are going to buy?
Is he/she/it going to buy?
Are we going to buy?
Are you going to buy?
Are they going to buy?
THE FUTURE
La formación del futuro expresado con WILL coincide en todas las personas.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
FUTURE
SIMPLE
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
FUTURE
PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
S + WILL + BASE FORM
I will do
S + WILL NOT/WON’T + BASE FORM
I won’t do
WILL + SUBJ + BASE FORM?
Will I do?
S + WILL BE + -ING
I will be doing
S+ WILL NOT/WON’T BE + -ING
I won’t be doing
WILL + SUBJ + BE + -ING?
Will I be doing?
S + WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
I will have done
S + WILL NOT/WON’T HAVE+ PAST P.
I won’t have done
WILL + SUBJ + HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE?
Will I have done?
This evening, in an hour, at 3
o’clock, later, next
month/year, soon, in a few
weeks, in the future, on 1st
May
This evening, at 3 o’clock,
later, next month/year, soon,
in a few weeks, in the future,
on 1st May, tomorrow
By this time next week, by 10
o’clock, by the end of…, by
then, by August, in three
months…

12. DIFFERENT WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE: USES
PRESENT SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
BE GOING TO
FUTURE SIMPLE: WILL+BASE FORM
FUTURE CONTINUOUS: WILL+BE+ING
FUTURE PERFECT: WILL+HAVE+PAST
PARTICIPLE
*Sirve para referirnos a horarios, calendarios y programas.
The new school year starts on September 13th
*Para referirnos a citas y compromisos ya fijados formalmente.
Jim is playing football on Friday at 6 pm.
(No expresa una intención, como “be going to”, sino algo que ha sido
programado con antelación y que va a pasar con seguridad)
*Sirve para hablar de decisiones meditadas con anterioridad, de
nuestros planes, proyectos e intenciones para el futuro.
I am going to buy a new car.
*Con él hacemos predicciones sobre acontecimientos futuros cuando
tenemos evidencia de que eso va a ocurrir:
The workers came this morning. They are going to restore that
building.
*Con él hacemos predicciones sobre el futuro:
In the year 2300, everybody will drive flying cars.
*Expresión de decisiones repentinas, hechas en el momento de
hablar:
Isn’t that Ann? I’ll go and talk to her
*Para hacer promesas:
I’ll come tomorrow. Don’t worry.
*Para referirnos a acciones que estarán en curso en el futuro.
This time this year I’ll be studying at university.
*Se utiliza para hablar de acciones que estarán terminadas en el
futuro:
She will have had her baby in two months’ time.
Tomorrow they, will show my favourite film from 10 to 12 pm. At 11.15 I’ll be watching it. At 12.30 I will have watched it.