Ta della-h1 l013021 (repaired)

LAPORAN PENELITIAN
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT
PADA IKAN HIAS AIR TAWAR DENGAN METODE CERTAINTY
FACTOR BERBASIS WEBSITE
Disusun untuk dipresentasikan dalam rangka penelitian untuk tugas akhir
strata satu Jurusan Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik,
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
Oleh:
PACHADELLA YOLANRO
H1L013021
KEMENTRIAN RISET TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI
UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA
PURWOKERTO
2016

ii
BIODATA
Nama Lengkap : Pachadella yolanro
Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan
Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Batam, 8 Mei 1995
Nama Ayah : Sukaryono
Nama Ibu : Fanti Rosita
Alamat Rumah : Perumahan taman marchelia A/72,
Batam Centre, Kota Batam
Riwayat Pendidikan :
1. SD (2001-2007) : SD Ibnu Sina Batam
2. SMP (2007-2010) : SMPN 12 Batam
3. SMA (2010-2013) : SMAN 3 Batam
4. Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Fakultas : Teknik
Jurusan : Teknik Informatika
Bidang Keahlian : Sistem Cerdas

iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Tugas Akhir dengan judul:
Disusun Oleh:
PACHADELLA YOLANRO
H1L013021
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Komputer pada Program Studi Teknik
Informtaika
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Disetujui dan disahkan
Pada tanggal……………………….
Dosen Pembimbing I Dosen Pembimibng II
Mengetahui:
Wakil Dekan bidang Akademik Fakultas Teknik
Dr. Gito Sugiyanto, S.T., M.T.
NIP. 198002152002121003
Ipung Permadi, S.Si, M.Cs
NIP.198311162008121005
Arief Kelik Nugroho, S.Kom.,M.Cs
NIP.198512242015041001

iv
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam Skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya yang
pernah di ajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi,
dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat suatu karya atau pendapata
yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, Kecuali yang secara tertulis
diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan dalam daftar pustaka.
Purbalingga , 12 September 2016
Pachadella Yolanro
NIM. H1L013021

v
MOTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN
Bismillaahirrahmannirrahiim…..
Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT karena atas karunia-Nya jualah
sehingga skripsi dengan judul “Rancang bangun sistem pakar identifikasi penyakit
pada ikan hias dengan certainty factor berbasis website” ini dapat
terselesaikan.Tidak lupa shalawat beriring salam penulis panjatkan kepada
junjungan besar kita Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga dan para
sahabatnya.Semoga ilmu dan pengetahuan yang tertulis dalam karya yang
sederhan ini dapat bermanfaat

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ABSTRAK
Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat bertujuan untuk
mempermudah kehidupan manusia dalam berbagai segi kehidupan. Berbagai segi
kehidupan seperti Ekonomi, pendidikan dan kesehatan tak luput dari pemanfaatan
teknologi. Hadirnya kecerdasan buatan merupakan pilar-pilar dari kemajuan
teknologi karena dengan adanya cabang ilmu seperti sistem pakar, sistem fuzzy
dan cabang ilmu lainya telah berhasil membantu kemajuan di kehidupan manusia.
Ikan Hias merupakan jenis binatang peliharaan yang umum dipelihara di
kalangan masyarakat. Hal tersebut terjadi karena harga serta perawatannya
sederhana, tidak seperti binatang peliharaan lainya. Akan tetapi dikarenakan
harganya yang terjangkau masyarakat sering melupakan fakta bahwa ikan
merupakan mahkluk hidup yang juga harus diobati bila terkena penyakit serta
dirawat dengan cara yang benar.
Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dirancang dan dibangun sebuah
sistem pakar yang dapat mengidentifikasi penyakit pada ikan hias yang di bangun
berdasarkan knowledge dari pakarnya. Serta terdiri dari tiga level user yaitu
admin, pakar dan user. Sistem pakar identifikasi penyakit pada ikan hias air tawar
ini di bagun dengan metode certainty factor dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP
berbasis web.
Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Buatan, Sistem Pakar, Ikan, Ikan Hias, PHP, Website

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ABSTRACT
EXPERT SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF FRESHWATER ORNAMENT
FISH DISEASE WITH CERTAINTY FACTOR METHOD BASED ON
WEBSITE
Development technology Increasing rapidly aims to simplify people's lives
in many different aspects of life. Various aspects of life such as economy,
education and health did not escape the use of technology. The presence of
artificial intelligence are the cornerstones of technological progress because of the
presence of science such as expert systems, fuzzy systems and other branches of
science have helped progress in human life.
Ornamental Fish is a common type of pet that is kept in the community.
This happens because of the affordable prices and simple maintenance, unlike
other pets. However, due to its affordability people often forget the fact that fish is
a living thing, which should also be treated if it comes to the disease and treated
in the right way.
Therefore, this study was designed and built an expert system that can
identify the disease in ornamental fishes in the wake based on the knowledge of
experts. As well as consists of three levels, namely the admin user, and the expert
user. Identification expert system diseases in ornamental fish in with certainty
factor method based website build in PHP programming language.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Fish, Fish Ornamental, PHP,
Website

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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat dan
karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan proposal
penelitian yang berjudul “Rancang Bangun Sitem Pakar Identifikasi Penyakit
Pada Ikan Hias Air Tawar Dengan Metode Certainty Factor Berbasis Website”
Tujuan penyusunan proposal penelitian ini adalah sebagai pedoman
pelkasanaan penelitian tugas akhir pada Program Studi Teknik Informatika
Fakultas Teknik Univer sitas Jenderal Soedirman. Proposal penelitian ini dapat
terselesaikan dengan baik berkat bimbingan dan motivasi dari berbagai pihak ,
Oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepda:
1. Allah SWT yang telah memberi begitu banyak nikmat, seperti nikmat
kehidupan, kesehatan, serta ilmu pengetahuan yang tiada habisnya.
2. Drs. Eddy Maryanto, M.Cs selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Informatika.
3. Bapak Ipung Permadi, S.Si, M.Cs. selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak
Arief Kelik Nugroho, S.Kom.,M.Cs selaku dosen pembimbing II, serta Bapak
Bagun Wijayanto S.T, M.Cs selaku dosen pembimbing akademik yang telah
memberikan bimbingan sekaligus arahan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini.
4. Segenap Keluarga terutama orang tua yang menjadi inspirasi dan yang tiada
henti memberikan doa,semangat dan motivasi
5. Teman-Teman seperjuangan Teknik Informatika 2013
6. Semua pihak yang berperan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini.
Penulis menyadi bahwa penyusunan penelitian ini tak luput dari kesalahan
dan kekurangan . Oleh karena itu, adanya koreksi atas kesalahan tersebut sangat
diharapkan untuk menyempurnakan penyusunan penlitian ini. Semoga
penyusunan proposal penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan memberikan
kontribusi untuk perkembangan dan penerapan ilmu Teknik Informatika.
Purbalingga , 12 September 2016
Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI
BIODATA ........................................................................................................................ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN..................................................................................................iii
MOTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN...........................................................................................v
ABSTRAK........................................................................................................................vi
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR ISI.....................................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................................lvi
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................................lvi
I.PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................1
1.1.Latar Belakang..........................................................................................................1
1.2.Rumusan Masalah....................................................................................................2
1.3.Batasan Masalah......................................................................................................2
1.4.Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian................................................................................3
1.5.Metode Penelitian....................................................................................................4
II.TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................................5
2.1.Kecerdasan Buatan...................................................................................................5
2.2.Sistem Pakar.............................................................................................................5
2.2.1.Pengertian Sistem Pakar........................................................................................5
2.2.2.Struktur Sistem Pakar............................................................................................5
2.2.3.Karateristik Sistem Pakar.......................................................................................8
2.2.4.Kelebihan Dan Kekurangan Sistem Pakar..............................................................9
2.2.5.Ketidakpastian.....................................................................................................10
2.2.6.Certainty Factor...................................................................................................11
Dalam sbidang ilmu sistem pakar, ada teori tentang ketidak pastian. Adanya teori ini
adalah dikarenakan terkadang seorang pakar kesulitan untuk menentukan nilai
kepastian dari keputusan yang di hasilkan. Certainty factor merupakan metode yang

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digunakan untuk mengukur ketidakpastian dalam sistem pakar (Arhami, 2004).
Penerapan metode certainty factor dapat di jalankan jika nilai dari setiap rule sudah
diketahui baik bernilai positif maupun negative , seperti di bawah ini:.......................11
2.3.Aplikasi Berbasis Website.......................................................................................13
2.3.1.Pengertian Website.............................................................................................13
2.3.2.Pengertian Aplikasi Berbasis Website.................................................................13
2.4.Pengertian Basis Data.............................................................................................14
2.4.1.Komponen Sistem Basis Data..............................................................................14
2.4.2.Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ...................................................................................14
2.4.3.Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)......................................................................15
2.5.Bahasa Pemrograman Website..............................................................................16
2.5.1.HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language )................................................................17
2.5.2.CSS (Cascading style sheet).................................................................................17
2.5.3.PHP (Personal Homepage)...................................................................................17
2.6.PHP MyAdmin........................................................................................................18
2.7.Ikan Hias Air Tawar.................................................................................................18
2.8.Penelitian Sistem Pakar Terkait Ikan Hias..............................................................25
III.METODE PENELITIAN................................................................................................26
3.1.Waktu Dan Tempat Penelitian................................................................................26
3.2.Data Dan Alat.........................................................................................................26
2.2.1. Data...................................................................................................................26
2.2.2. Alat....................................................................................................................26
3.3.Prosedur Kerja........................................................................................................26
IV.HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................................................29
4.1.Analisis Kebutuhan.................................................................................................29
4.1.1.Memilih Tool.......................................................................................................29
4.1.2.Identifikasi Masalah Dan Menganalisis Pengetahuan.........................................30

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4.1.2.1.Hasil Wawancara..............................................................................................30
4.1.2.2.Permasalahan...................................................................................................31
4.1.2.3.Kebutuhan Pengguna.......................................................................................31
4.1.2.4.Analisis Pengetahuan.......................................................................................35
4.2.Merancang Sistem..................................................................................................36
4.2.1.Tabel Akuisisi Pengetahuan.................................................................................36
4.2.2.Kaidah Produksi...................................................................................................41
Kaidah 1: White Spot....................................................................................................41
Gejala: Menggesekkan diri ke objek yang ada di aquarium (G1).................................41
Terlihat lesu dan lemah (G2)........................................................................................41
Kurang nafsu makan (G3).............................................................................................41
Pernafsannya cepat atau sulit bernafas (G4)................................................................41
Tampaknya bintik putih kekuningan (G5).....................................................................41
Kehilangan atau kerusakan sisik (G6)...........................................................................41
Keterangan: White spot merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh flagelata.
Flagelata yang bernama Oodonium ini akan mencari ikan sebagai insangnya dan
menempel seperti parasite. Tubuh ikan yang terinfeksi akan terlihat seperti memakai
bedak karena bintik-bintik putih kekuningan yang sekilas terlihat seperti karat yang
tubuh ikan....................................................................................................................41
Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ni diperlukan kondisi air yang
bersuhu normal yaitu 28 C, hidupkan lampu akuarium untuk beberapa hari, dan
hentikan penggunaan karbon filter sementara waktu. Tambahkan garam akuarium
untuk penyembuhan atau obat yang mengandung Cupric Sulphate yang dapat
membunuh parasite Oodonium didalam air................................................................42
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................42
white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.994%..........................................................................42
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................42
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................42
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................42
G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................42

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G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................42
G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................42
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................42
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................42
= 0.98............................................................................................................................42
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................42
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................42
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................43
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................43
= 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................43
= 0.9988........................................................................................................................43
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF5*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................43
= 0.9988+ [0.9*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................43
= 0.99988......................................................................................................................43
CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF6*(1-CF(D))]......................................................................................43
= 0.99988+ [0.5*(1-0.99988)].......................................................................................43
= 0.99994......................................................................................................................43
white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.988%..........................................................................43
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................43
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................43
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................43
G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................43
G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................43
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................43
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................43
= 0.98............................................................................................................................44

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CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................44
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................44
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................44
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................44
= 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................44
= 0.9988........................................................................................................................44
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF5*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................44
= 0.9988+ [0.9*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................44
= 0.99988......................................................................................................................44
white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.94%............................................................................44
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................44
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................44
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................44
G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................44
G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................44
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................44
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................44
= 0.98............................................................................................................................45
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................45
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................45
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................45
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................45
= 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................45
= 0.9988........................................................................................................................45
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF6*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................45
= 0.9988+ [0.5*(1-0.9988)]...........................................................................................45

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= 0.9994........................................................................................................................45
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................45
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................45
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................45
G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................45
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................45
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................45
= 0.98............................................................................................................................45
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................46
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................46
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................46
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF4*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................46
= 0.996+ [0.7*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................46
= 0.9988........................................................................................................................46
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................46
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................46
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................46
G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................46
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................46
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................46
= 0.98............................................................................................................................46
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................46
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................46
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................46

xv
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF5*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................46
= 0.996+ [0.9*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................47
= 0.9996........................................................................................................................47
white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99.8%..............................................................................47
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................47
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................47
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................47
G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................47
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................47
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................47
= 0.98............................................................................................................................47
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................47
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................47
= 0.996..........................................................................................................................47
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................47
= 0.996+ [0.5*(1-0.996)]...............................................................................................47
= 0.998..........................................................................................................................47
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................47
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................48
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................48
= 0.98............................................................................................................................48
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF3*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................48
= 0.98+ [0.8*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................48

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= 0.996..........................................................................................................................48
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................48
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................48
G4 = 0.7........................................................................................................................48
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................48
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................48
= 0.98............................................................................................................................48
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF4*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................48
= 0.98+ [0.7*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................48
= 0.994..........................................................................................................................48
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................49
G5 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................49
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................49
= 0.98............................................................................................................................49
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................49
= 0.98+ [0.9*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................49
= 0.998..........................................................................................................................49
white Spot dengan nilai CF = 99%.................................................................................49
G1 = 0.9........................................................................................................................49
G2 = 0.8........................................................................................................................49
G6 = 0.5........................................................................................................................49
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................49

xvii
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................49
= 0.98............................................................................................................................49
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF6*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................49
= 0.98+ [0.5*(1-0.98)]...................................................................................................50
= 0.99............................................................................................................................50
Kaidah 2: Deficiency.....................................................................................................50
Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan insang (G7)...........................................................50
Kehilangan atau kerusakan Sirip (G8)...........................................................................50
Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara
sederhana yaitu menambahkan kandungan mineral dan multivitamin pada air ........50
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................50
Deficiency dengan nilai CF = 96%.................................................................................50
G7 = 0.8........................................................................................................................50
G8 = 0.8........................................................................................................................50
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................50
= 0.8 + [0.8*(1-0.8)]......................................................................................................50
= 0.96............................................................................................................................51
Deficiency dengan nilai CF = 80%.................................................................................51
G7 = 0.8........................................................................................................................51
CF(A) = 0.8 ...................................................................................................................51
Kaidah 3: Tuberculosis..................................................................................................51
Gejala: Perut membesar tidak normal (G10)...............................................................51
Mata menonjol (G16)...................................................................................................51
Solusi: Penyakit ini relatip agak susah untuk ditanggulangi, kecuali kalau kita dapat
mendeteksi secara dini maka kita dapat berikan antibiotika Streptomycin sulfat 20
mg/kg berat ikan dengan melalui pakan dengan pemberian dalam waktu panjang....51
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................52
Tuberculosis dengan nilai CF = 88%..............................................................................52

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G10 = 0.7......................................................................................................................52
G16 = 0.6......................................................................................................................52
CF(A) = CF10+[CF16*(1-CF10)].....................................................................................52
= 0.7 + [0.6*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................52
= 0.88............................................................................................................................52
G10 = 0.7......................................................................................................................52
CF(A) = 0.8 ...................................................................................................................52
G10 = 0.6......................................................................................................................52
CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................52
Kaidah 4: Gondok.........................................................................................................52
Gejala: Kerongkongan membesar atau tidak normal (G11).........................................52
Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ni diperlukan kondisi air yang
bersuhu normal yaitu 28 C. Tambahkan garam aquarium secukupnya........................53
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................53
Gondok dengan nilai CF = 90%.....................................................................................53
G11 = 0.9......................................................................................................................53
CF(A) = 0.9....................................................................................................................53
Kaidah 5: Shock............................................................................................................53
Gejala: Menggesekkan diri ke objek yang ada di aquarium (G1).................................53
Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terkena shock, kaget atau stress hanya perlu
perawatn sederhana. Ganti air akuarium secara berkala serta perhatikan perubahan
temperature yang terjadi secara drastis. Usahakan suhu air tetap pada suhu normal
yaitu 28 C......................................................................................................................53
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................54
Shock dengan nilai CF = 85%........................................................................................54

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G1 = 0.5........................................................................................................................54
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................54
CF(A) = CF1+[CF2*(1-CF1)]...........................................................................................54
= 0.5 + [0.7*(1-0.5)]......................................................................................................54
= 0.85............................................................................................................................54
G1 = 0.5........................................................................................................................54
CF(A) = 0.5 ...................................................................................................................54
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................54
CF(A) = 0.7 ...................................................................................................................54
Kaidah 6: Fin Rot..........................................................................................................54
Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan sirip (G8)..............................................................54
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................55
Fin Rot dengan nilai CF = 97%.......................................................................................55
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................55
G8 = 0.9........................................................................................................................55
CF(A) = CF2+[CF8*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................55
= 0.7 + [0.9*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................55
= 0.97............................................................................................................................55
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................55
CF(A) = 0.7....................................................................................................................55
G8 = 0.9........................................................................................................................56

xx
CF(A) = 0.7....................................................................................................................56
Kaidah 7: Bacterial Gill Rot...........................................................................................56
Gejala: Insang berwarna putih abu-abu atau berbulu (G12)......................................56
Solusi: Penanggulangan penyakit tersebut dapat dengan cara pencegahan yaitu antara
lain dengan mempertahankan kualitas air supaya tetap optimal, penerapan sanitasi
kolam dan manajemen budidaya yang tepat.
Pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa antibiotika yaitu antara
lain Oxytetracyclin hydrochlorid 5-10 mg/l air dengan cara perendaman selama 24
jam. Baytril juga dapat dipakai dengan dosis 8-10 ml/m3 air dengan cara perendaman
selama 24 jam dilakukan dalam wadah penampung....................................................56
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................56
Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 99.4%....................................................................56
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................57
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57
G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................57
CF(A) = CF2+[CF3*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................57
= 0.7 + [0.8*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................57
= 0.94............................................................................................................................57
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF12*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................57
= 0.94 + [0.9*(1-0.94)]..................................................................................................57
= 0.994..........................................................................................................................57
Bacterial Gill Rot dengan nilai CF = 94%.......................................................................57
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................57
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57
CF(A) = CF2+[CF3*(1-CF2)]...........................................................................................57
= 0.7 + [0.8*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................57
= 0.94............................................................................................................................57

xxi
G3 = 0.8........................................................................................................................57
G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................58
CF(A) = CF3+[CF12*(1-CF3)].........................................................................................58
= 0.8 + [0.9*(1-0.8)]......................................................................................................58
= 0.98............................................................................................................................58
G2 = 0.7........................................................................................................................58
G12 = 0.9......................................................................................................................58
CF(A) = CF2+[CF12*(1-CF2)].........................................................................................58
= 0.7 + [0.9*(1-0.7)]......................................................................................................58
= 0.97............................................................................................................................58
Kaidah 8: Culumnaris....................................................................................................58
Gejala: Kehilanagn atau kerusakan sirip (G8).............................................................58
Adanya bilu halus pada sirip (G13)...............................................................................58
Pernafsannya cepat atau sulit bernafas (G4)................................................................58
Tampaknya bintik putih kekuningan (G5).....................................................................58
Kehilangan atau kerusakan sisik (G6)...........................................................................58
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................59
Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 99.82%...........................................................................59
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................59
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................59
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................59
G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................59
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................59

xxii
G13= 0.5.......................................................................................................................59
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................60
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................60
= 0.94............................................................................................................................60
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................60
= 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................60
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................60
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................60
= 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................60
= 0.9928........................................................................................................................60
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF8*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................60
= 0.9928+ [0.5*(1-0.9928)]...........................................................................................60
= 0.9964........................................................................................................................60
CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF13*(1-CF(D))]....................................................................................60
= 0.9964+ [0.5*(1-0.9964)]...........................................................................................60
= 0.9982........................................................................................................................60
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................60
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................60
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................61
G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................61
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................61
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................61
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................61
= 0.94............................................................................................................................61
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................61

xxiii
= 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................61
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................61
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................61
= 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................61
= 0.9928........................................................................................................................61
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF8*(1-CF(C))]......................................................................................61
= 0.9928+ [0.5*(1-0.9928)]...........................................................................................61
= 0.9964........................................................................................................................61
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................61
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................61
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................62
G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................62
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................62
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................62
= 0.94............................................................................................................................62
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................62
= 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................62
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................62
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF6*(1-CF(B))].......................................................................................62
= 0.976+ [0.7*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................62
= 0.9928........................................................................................................................62
Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 98.8%.............................................................................62
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................62
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................62
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................62

xxiv
G13 = 0.5......................................................................................................................62
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................62
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................62
= 0.94............................................................................................................................63
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................63
= 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................63
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................63
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF13*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................63
= 0.976+ [0.5*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................63
= 0.988..........................................................................................................................63
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................63
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................63
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................63
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................63
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................63
= 0.94............................................................................................................................63
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF5*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................63
= 0.94+ [0.6*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................63
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................63
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................64
G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................64
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................64

xxv
= 0.94............................................................................................................................64
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF6*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................64
= 0.94+ [0.7*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................64
= 0.982..........................................................................................................................64
Culumnaris dengan nilai CF = 97%................................................................................64
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................64
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................64
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................64
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................64
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................64
= 0.94............................................................................................................................64
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF8*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................64
= 0.94+ [0.5*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................64
= 0.97............................................................................................................................65
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................65
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65
= 0.7+ [0.8*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65
= 0.94............................................................................................................................65
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................65
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65
= 0.7+ [0.6*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65
= 0.88............................................................................................................................65

xxvi
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65
G6 = 0.7........................................................................................................................65
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................65
= 0.7+ [0.7*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................65
= 0.91............................................................................................................................66
G3 = 0.7........................................................................................................................66
G13 = 0.5......................................................................................................................66
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66
= 0.7+ [0.5*(1-0.7)].......................................................................................................66
= 0.85............................................................................................................................66
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................66
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................66
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66
= 0.6+ [0.8*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................66
= 0.92............................................................................................................................66
G4 = 0.6........................................................................................................................66
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................66
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................66
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................66
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................67
G5 = 0.8........................................................................................................................67

xxvii
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................67
CF(A) = CF3+[CF4*(1-CF3)]...........................................................................................67
= 0.8+ [0.5*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................67
= 0.9..............................................................................................................................67
Kaidah 9: Body Inflamation on the skin........................................................................67
Gejala: Kulitnya robek berdarah sekitar 1mm-2cm (G9).............................................67
Borok pada kulit dna otot (G14)...................................................................................67
Warna kulit menggelap (G22).......................................................................................67
Solusi: Penangulangan dapat dilakukan dengan cara pemberian pakan yang tepat baik
jumlah maupun mutunya. Selain itu dapat dengan menggunakan vaksin Hydrovet.
Pengobatan dapat dengan menggunakan antibiotika, baik dengan melalui suntikan,
melalui makanan ataupun dengan perendaman. Pengobatan dengan melalui suntikan
antara lain dengan menggunakan Oxytetracyclin HCl 25-30 mg/kg ikan diberikan
sebanyak 3 kali tiap tiga hari sekali. Pemberian antibiotika dengan melalui makanan
dengan menggunakan obat yang sama dengan dosis 50 mg/kg ikan diberikan selama
7-10 hari berturut-turut. Perendaman dapat juga dilakukan dengan obat yang sama
dengan dosis 5-10 mg/l air selama 24 jam, atau dengan menggunakan Baytril dosis
8-10 ml/m3 air selama 24 jam......................................................................................67
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................68
Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 98.8%.................................................68
G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................68
G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................68
G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................68
CF(A) = CF9+[CF14*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................68
= 0.4+ [0.9*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................68
= 0.94............................................................................................................................68
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF22*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................68
= 0.94+ [0.8*(1-0.94)]...................................................................................................68
= 0.988..........................................................................................................................68
Body Inflamation on the skin dengan nilai CF = 88%....................................................69

xxviii
G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................69
G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................69
CF(A) = CF9+[CF22*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69
= 0.4+ [0.8*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................69
= 0.88............................................................................................................................69
G9 = 0.4........................................................................................................................69
G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................69
CF(A) = CF9+[CF14*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69
= 0.4+ [0.9*(1-0.4)].......................................................................................................69
= 0.94............................................................................................................................69
G14 = 0.9......................................................................................................................69
G22 = 0.8......................................................................................................................69
CF(A) = CF9+[CF22*(1-CF9)].........................................................................................69
= 0.9+ [0.8*(1-0.9)].......................................................................................................69
= 0.99............................................................................................................................69
Kaidah 10: Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish............................................................................70
Gejala: Kelebihan lendir (G15)....................................................................................70
Mata menonjol (G16)..................................................................................................70
Sisik berdiri seperti nanas (G27)...................................................................................70
Solusi: Untuk merawat ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini pastikan bahwa akuarium
selalu dalam kondisi prima (optimal), sehingga ikan tidak stress. Ikan yang sakit harus
segera diisolasi dan dirawat secara optimal. Pengobatan dapat dilakukan dengan
memberikan oxytetracycline atau chloramphenicol dicampur dengan pakan ikan
dengan dosis 55mg/kg pakan ikan selama 10 hari. Dapat juga diobati menggunakan
sulphamerazine dengan dosis 265mg/kg pakan ikan selama 3 hari.............................70
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................71

xxix
Dropsy Of Aquarium Fish dengan nilai CF = 93%..........................................................71
G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................71
G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................71
G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................71
CF(A) = CF15+[CF16*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................71
= 0.8+ [0.3*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................71
= 0.86............................................................................................................................71
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF27*(1-CF(A))]....................................................................................71
= 0.86+ [0.5*(1-0.86)]...................................................................................................71
= 0.93............................................................................................................................71
G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................71
G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................71
CF(A) = CF15+[CF16*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................71
= 0.8+ [0.3*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................71
= 0.86............................................................................................................................71
G15 = 0.8......................................................................................................................72
G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................72
CF(A) = CF15+[CF27*(1-CF15)].....................................................................................72
= 0.8+ [0.5*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................72
= 0.9..............................................................................................................................72
G16 = 0.3......................................................................................................................72
G27 = 0.5......................................................................................................................72
CF(A) = CF16+[CF27*(1-CF16)].....................................................................................72

xxx
= 0.3+ [0.5*(1-0.3)].......................................................................................................72
= 0.65............................................................................................................................72
Kaidah 11: Erythrodermatitis.......................................................................................72
Gejala: Terlihat adanya borok pada kulit ikan (G14)....................................................72
Borok putih pada punggung dan ekor (G26)...............................................................72
Solusi: Pengobatan penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat herbal dan obat biasa.
Pengobatan herbal adalah pengobatan yang menggunakan Daun jombang dan
ketapang. Pengobatan dengan obat biasa adalah pengobatan dengan memberikan
obat dengan kandungan fenoksietanol, nitrofurazon, kloramin. Cara pengoabatan
herbal ialah dengan memotong daun jombang dan ketapang, lalu berikan pada kolam
sebesar 60 gram/liter. Sedangan cara pengobatan dengan obat biasa adalah dengan
memberikan kandungan fenoksietanol, nitrofurazon, kloramin sebanyak 1gram/1kg
pakan ikan ...................................................................................................................73
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................73
Erythrodermatitis dengan nilai CF = 68%.....................................................................73
G14 = 0.6......................................................................................................................73
G26 = 0.2......................................................................................................................73
CF(A) = CF14+[CF26*(1-CF14)].....................................................................................73
= 0.6+ [0.2*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................73
= 0.68............................................................................................................................73
G14 = 0.6......................................................................................................................73
CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................73
G16 = 0.2......................................................................................................................73
CF(A) = 0.2....................................................................................................................74
Kaidah 12: Lymphocytis................................................................................................74
Gejala: Kehilangan atau kerusakan sirip (G8).............................................................74
Adanya kumpulan bintik atau telur putih dikulit (G18)................................................74

xxxi
Solusi: Perawatan ikan yang terjangkit penyakit ini dapat dilakukan dengan obat
herbal. Obat herbal seperti daun jambu biji merupakan tanaman herbal anti virus.
Cara menggunakannya ialah dengan merebus daun tersebut, setelah dingin rendam
dengan ikan selama dua puluh empat jam dengan dosis dua gram/ enam puluh liter
air.................................................................................................................................74
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................74
Lymphocytis dengan nilai CF = 80%..............................................................................74
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................74
G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................74
CF(A) = CF8+[CF18*(1-CF8)].........................................................................................74
= 0.5+ [0.6*(1-0.5)].......................................................................................................74
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................75
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................75
CF(A) = 0.5....................................................................................................................75
G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................75
CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................75
Kaidah 13: Carp Pox......................................................................................................75
Gejala: Kulit atau lender menipis (G17)......................................................................75
Adanya bintik oval pucat berukuran 5-10 mm (G19)....................................................75
dengan ikan selama dua puluh empat jam dengan dosis dua gram/ enam puluh liter
air.................................................................................................................................75
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................75
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................76
G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................76

xxxii
CF(A) = CF8+[CF18*(1-CF8)].........................................................................................76
= 0.5+ [0.6*(1-0.5)].......................................................................................................76
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................76
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................76
CF(A) = 0.5....................................................................................................................76
G18 = 0.6......................................................................................................................76
CF(A) = 0.6....................................................................................................................76
Kaidah 14: Spring Virosis..............................................................................................76
Gejala: Kulitnya robek berdarah sekitar 1mm-2cm (G9).............................................76
Kehilangan atau kerusakkan insang (G7)......................................................................76
Kehilangan atau kerusakkan sirip (G8).........................................................................76
Kelebihan lendir (G15)..................................................................................................76
Mata menonjol (G16)...................................................................................................76
Terlihat benjolan pada anusnya (G20).........................................................................77
dengan ikan selama 24 jam dengan dosis 2 gram/ 60 liter air......................................77
Perhitungan CF:............................................................................................................77
Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 98.32%.......................................................................77
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................77
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................77
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................77
G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................77
G16 = 0.4......................................................................................................................77
G20= 0.3.......................................................................................................................77

xxxiii
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................77
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................77
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................77
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................78
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................78
= 0.92............................................................................................................................78
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................78
= 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................78
= 0.96............................................................................................................................78
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF16*(1-CF(C))]....................................................................................78
= 0.96+ [0.4*(1-0.96)]...................................................................................................78
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................78
CF(E) = CF(D)+[CF20*(1-CF(D))]....................................................................................78
= 0.976+ [0.3*(1-0.976)]...............................................................................................78
= 0.9832........................................................................................................................78
Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 97.6%.........................................................................78
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................78
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................78
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................78
G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................78
G16 = 0.4......................................................................................................................78
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................79
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................79
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................79
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................79
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................79

xxxiv
= 0.92............................................................................................................................79
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................79
= 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................79
= 0.96............................................................................................................................79
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF16*(1-CF(C))]....................................................................................79
= 0.96+ [0.4*(1-0.96)]...................................................................................................79
= 0.976..........................................................................................................................79
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................79
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................79
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................79
G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................79
G20 = 0.3......................................................................................................................79
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................80
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................80
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................80
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................80
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................80
= 0.92............................................................................................................................80
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................80
= 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................80
= 0.96............................................................................................................................80
CF(D) = CF(C)+[CF20*(1-CF(C))]....................................................................................80
= 0.96+ [0.3*(1-0.96)]...................................................................................................80
= 0.972..........................................................................................................................80
Spring Virosis dengan nilai CF = 96%............................................................................80

xxxv
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................80
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................80
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................80
G15 = 0.5......................................................................................................................80
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................80
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................81
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................81
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................81
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................81
= 0.92............................................................................................................................81
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF15*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................81
= 0.92+ [0.5*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................81
= 0.96............................................................................................................................81
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................81
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................81
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................81
G16 = 0.4......................................................................................................................81
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................81
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................81
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................81
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................81
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................81
= 0.92............................................................................................................................82
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF16*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................82
= 0.92+ [0.4*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................82

xxxvi
= 0.925..........................................................................................................................82
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................82
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................82
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................82
G20 = 0.3......................................................................................................................82
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................82
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................82
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................82
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................82
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................82
= 0.92............................................................................................................................82
CF(C) = CF(B)+[CF20*(1-CF(B))].....................................................................................82
= 0.92+ [0.3*(1-0.92)]...................................................................................................82
= 0.944..........................................................................................................................82
G7 = 0.6........................................................................................................................83
G8 = 0.5........................................................................................................................83
G9 = 0.6........................................................................................................................83
CF(A) = CF7+[CF8*(1-CF7)]...........................................................................................83
= 0.6+ [0.5*(1-0.6)].......................................................................................................83
= 0.8..............................................................................................................................83
CF(B) = CF(A)+[CF9*(1-CF(A))]......................................................................................83
= 0.8+ [0.6*(1-0.8)].......................................................................................................83
= 0.92............................................................................................................................83

Ta della-h1 l013021 (repaired)

Ta della-h1 l013021 (repaired)

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