Video: TBA Concurrent Paper Session 4.3 Planet Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals Conference 2019, 24-25 Jan 2019, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand https://tourism-sdg.nz

2. ‘Can learning about penguins and
litter create better lives for the
young people of Gansbaai?’
The contribution of marine wildlife tourism to youth
empowerment in Gansbaai, South Africa
Heidi van der Watt
@heidivdwatt
Massey University, New Zealand
Tourism4SDGs19, Auckland, 25 January 2019

3. Meet
Thandi
Context
Empowerment
outcomes
Programme
elements
Scenarios for
Thandi’s
future
Methodology
Conclusion

4. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

6. Context

7. Household
poverty
41.5%
Human
Devt Index
0.74
School
dropout
rate 49%
Dependency
ratio
54%
Low / Semi-
skilled
employment
78%
Gini
coefficient
0.60
Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

8. Ward 1 Ward 3
Informal 40.6% 0.1%
In dwelling 58.2% 99.9%
Gr 12 + 32.7% 68.9%
Annual
Household
$ 1,500 $ 23,000
Access to
Internet
16.4% 73.2%

9. 8 shark diving permits 2 whale watching permits

10. cc
Research aim
#1
#2
to investigate whether marine
wildlife tourism contributes to
local development, using an
empowerment lens
Has marine wildlife tourism
contributed to the
attainment of development
in Gansbaai?
How can the contribution of
marine wildlife tourism to
development in a local area
be assessed and
monitored?
Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

11. Development -
Empowerment
Nexus
“development involves a process of
social and political
empowerment of [..] households
resulting in lasting
improvements in the
conditions of life and
livelihood” and rebalanced
power relationships between
social actors
(Friedmann, 1992, pp. 31, 35)
Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

12. The future we want
Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

13. MWT Operators
Administrative data
Semi-structured interviews
8 operators, 16
interviews
Tourism employees
Structured interviews
11
Suppliers
5
Civil society
organisations
Semi-structured interviews
Non-participant observation
6
Households
Semi-structured interviews
Ward 1 – 10
Ward 2 - 10
Key informants 15
Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion
Achieved
sample
Data
collection
Participant
s

14. “My hope for my daughter’s
future? That she will finish
school, go to university
and get a good job with
good income. A better
life than what I’ve had”.
(Father)
“We would like graduates
to return to work in the
area, and become role
models for other young
people, showing them that
a better future is
possible.” (Councillor)
““The high school drop-out
rate is a big worry. Youngsters who
are not involved in after school
activities often get into gangs and
drugs, and tend not finish school.
They end up trapped in poverty,
like their parents and
grandparents.” (Head of NGO)
“Very few of our learners matriculate with
good grades in maths and science,
subjects they need to study for
engineering, medical disciplines or marine
biology. These are the skills needed to
develop our area” (School principal)
“She wants to
become a neuro
surgeon so that
she can help ill
people” (Female
resident)
The future we want

15. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programmes | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

16. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programmes | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

17. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

18. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

19. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

20. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

21. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

23. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

24. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

26. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

27. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

28. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

29. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

30. Meet Thandi | Thandi’s future? | Context | Methodology | Programme | Empowerment Outcomes | Issues | Conclusion

31. ‘Can learning
about penguins
and litter create
better lives for
the young people
of Gansbaai?’

32. Damerell, P., Howe, C., & Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2013). Child-orientated environmental education influences adult knowledge and
household behaviour. Environmental Research Letters, 8(1). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/015016
Ghent, C., Trauth-Nare, A., Dell, K., & Haines, S. (2014). The Influence of a Statewide Green School Initiative on Student
Achievement in K–12 Classrooms. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 13(4), 250-260.
doi:10.1080/1533015x.2014.983658
Friedmann, J. (1992). Empowerment: the politics of alternative development. Cambridge: Blackwell.
Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Font, X. (2015). Mixed methods in sustainable tourism research: an analysis of prevalence, designs and
application in JOST (2005–2014). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(4), 549-573. doi:10.1080/09669582.2015.1073739
Rios, J. M., & Brewer, J. (2014). Outdoor Education and Science Achievement. Applied Environmental Education &
Communication, 13(4), 234-240. doi:10.1080/1533015x.2015.975084
Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245-249.
doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(98)00069-7
Williams, C. C., & Chawla, L. (2015). Environmental identity formation in nonformal environmental education programs.
Environmental Education Research, 22(7), 978-1001. doi:10.1080/13504622.2015.1055553
Photo credits
Marine Dynamics Dyer Island Cruises Dyer Island Conservation Trust White Shark Projects Pinkey Ngewu
References