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ใบความรู้+ใบกิจกรรมสาระวิทยาศาสตร์ ประถม5+ป.6+290+dltvscip6+T1 p5 wksheet
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ใบความรู้+ใบกิจกรรมสาระวิทยาศาสตร์ ประถม5+ป.6+290+dltvscip6+T1 p5 wksheet
- 1. 670 °≈ÿà¡ “√–°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¿“§ºπ«° „∫°‘®°√√¡ ™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“ªï∑’Ë 5 ∑’Ë¡“ : “¢“«‘∑¬“»“ μ√åª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ∂“∫—π à߇ √‘¡°“√ Õπ«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
- 2. 671 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ‡ ’¬ß‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ º≈∑’Ë —߇°μ‰¥â®“°°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È 1. º≈§◊Õ......................................................................................................................................................................... ‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. º≈§◊Õ......................................................................................................................................................................... ·ºàπ¬“ß¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3. º≈§◊Õ......................................................................................................................................................................... À≈Õ¥¥Ÿ¥¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4. º≈§◊Õ......................................................................................................................................................................... ·°â«πÈ”¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. º≈§◊Õ......................................................................................................................................................................... âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√........................................................................................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 3. 672 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ‡ ’¬ß‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’ËÕ¬à“߉√ º≈∑’Ë —߇°μ‰¥â®“°°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È 1. ¢≥–∑’ˇªî¥«‘∑¬ÿÀ√◊Õ‡§“– âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß π—°‡√’¬π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿàμ“¡∑’Ëμà“ßÊ ®–‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß ®“°«‘∑¬ÿÀ√◊Õ âÕ¡‡ ’¬ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√ §π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà Ÿß°«à“«‘∑¬ÿÀ√◊Õ âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß............................................................................................................... §π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√Õ∫Ê«‘∑¬ÿÀ√◊Õ âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß............................................................................................................... §π∑’ËÕ¬ŸàμË”°«à“√–¥—∫«‘∑¬ÿÀ√◊Õ âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß.................................................................................................. 2. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡§“– âÕ¡‡ ’¬ßÀ√◊Õ‡ªî¥«‘∑¬ÿ ‡ ’¬ß®“° âÕ¡‡ ’¬ßÀ√◊Õ«‘∑¬ÿ¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë„π∑‘»∑“ß„¥∫â“ß .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3. âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡§“–¡’æ≈—ßß“πÀ√◊Õ‰¡à....................................................................................................................................................................................... ∑√“∫‰¥â‡æ√“–........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡§“– âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß·≈â«·μ–º‘«πÈ”„πÕà“ß®– —߇°μ‡ÀÁπº‘«πÈ”‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߥ—ßπ’È .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. πà“®–¡’º≈¡“®“°.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5. ‡¡◊ËÕ‡§“– âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß Õ“°“»√Õ∫Ê âÕ¡‡ ’¬ß§«√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥â«à“Õ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 4. 673 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ μ—«°≈“ߢÕ߇ ’¬ß º≈∑’Ë —߇°μ‰¥â®“°°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È 1. ‡ ’¬ß∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π®“°°“√‡¢¬à“¢«¥Õÿª°√≥å™ÿ¥‡ ’¬ß·≈–μ—«°≈“ß∑’ˬ—߉¡à Ÿ∫Õ“°“»ÕÕ° ·μ°μà“ß®“°‡¡◊ËÕ Ÿ∫Õ“°“»ÕÕ° ®“°¢«¥·≈â«À√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√ ‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‡Àμÿ„¥ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. Õ“°“»¡’º≈μàÕ°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢Õ߇ ’¬ßÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3. ‡¡◊ËÕ查ºà“π∂⫬°√–¥“…∑’Ë¡’‡™◊Õ°¢÷ßμ÷ß√–À«à“ß∂⫬ ‡ ’¬ß∑’ˉ¥â¬‘π®–·μ°μà“ß®“°¢≥–μ—¥‡™◊Õ°„À⢓¥∑—π∑’Õ¬à“߉√ §‘¥«à“‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‡Àμÿ„¥ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4. ∂â“„™â‡ âπ‡ÕÁπ¢÷ßμ÷ß·∑π‡ âπ¥â“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ查„ à∂⫬°√–¥“… °“√‰¥â¬‘π®–·μ°μà“ß®“°°“√„™â‡ âπ¥â“¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ‡æ√“– ‡Àμÿ„¥ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 5. 674 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ‡√“‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ¬à“߉√ º≈∑’Ë —߇°μ‰¥â®“°°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È 1. §«“¡∂’ˇ ’¬ß —¡æ—π∏å°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√ —Ëπ¢Õß·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥‡ ’¬ßÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. ‡¡◊ËÕ —Ëπ·∑à߉¡â·∑àßÀπ÷Ëß æ∫«à“‰¡à‰¥â¬‘π‡ ’¬ß®“°°“√ —Ëπ·∑à߉¡â π—°‡√’¬π§‘¥«à“‡ªìπ‡æ√“–‡Àμÿ„¥‰¥â∫â“ß .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3. ∂â“μâÕß°“√ —Ëπ«—μ∂ÿ®π‡°‘¥‡ ’¬ß„Àâ‡√“‰¥â¬‘π ®–μâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ß ‘Ëß„¥∫â“ß .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4. ‡§√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬ß¬’ËÀâÕÀπ÷Ëß‚¶…≥“«à“„À⇠’¬ß„π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë 15 - 30,000 ‡Œ‘√μ´å ®÷ßμâÕߢ“¬„π√“§“ Ÿß°«à“‡§√◊ËÕ߇ ’¬ß ¬’ËÀâÕÕ◊Ëπ ´÷Ëß„À⇠’¬ß„π™à«ß§«“¡∂’Ë 30 - 18,000 ‡Œ‘√μ´å π—°‡√’¬π„π∞“π–ºŸâ´◊ÈÕ¡’§«“¡§‘¥‡ÀÁπ„π‡√◊ËÕßπ’ÈÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 6. 675 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ‡ ’¬ß Ÿß‡ ’¬ßμË”¢÷Èπ°—∫Õ–‰√ º≈∑’Ë —߇°μ‰¥â®“°°“√∑”°‘®°√√¡‡ªìπ¥—ßπ’È «—μ∂ÿ ≈—°…≥– °“√ —Ëπ (‡√Á«, ™â“) ‡ ’¬ß ( Ÿß, μË”) ·°â«πÈ” πÈ”‡μÁ¡·°â« ............................................................................................................................................................................. πÈ” 1/4 ·°â« ............................................................................................................................................................................. ¢«¥πÈ” πÈ”‡μÁ¡¢«¥ ............................................................................................................................................................................. πÈ” 1/4 ¢«¥ ............................................................................................................................................................................. ¬“ß√—¥¢Õß ¬“« ............................................................................................................................................................................. —Èπ ............................................................................................................................................................................. “¬°’μ“√å ‡ âπ„À≠à ............................................................................................................................................................................. ‡ âπ‡≈Á° ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1. °“√ —Ëπ¢Õß·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥‡ ’¬ß —¡æ—π∏å°—∫‡ ’¬ß Ÿß ·≈–‡ ’¬ßμË”À√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 7. 676 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ¥πμ√’¢«¥ 1. ‡¢’¬π√Ÿª· ¥ß√–¥—∫πÈ”„π¢«¥ ‡√’¬ßμ—Èß·μࢫ¥∑’Ë„À⇠’¬ß§«“¡∂’ËμË” ÿ¥‰ª®π∂÷ߧ«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß ÿ¥ 2. ¢«¥·μà≈–„∫„À⇠’¬ß¥πμ√’‰¥â·μ°μà“ß°—π ‡æ√“–‡Àμÿ„¥ .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3. ‡¢’¬πÕ∏‘∫“¬À√◊Õ«“¥¿“æ À“«‘∏’°“√∑”‡§√◊ËÕߥπμ√’·∫∫Õ◊Ëπ·∑π¢«¥∫√√®ÿπÈ” .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 8. 677 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ °“√„™â«— ¥ÿ„π™’«‘μª√–®”«—π μ“√“ß∫—π∑÷°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ™π‘¥¢Õß«— ¥ÿ °“√𔉪„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π™’«‘μª√–®”«—π (Õ¬à“ßπâÕ¬ 2 Õ¬à“ß) ΩÑ“¬ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‡ª≈◊Õ°ÀÕ¬ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‰¡â ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‡À≈Á° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... À‘π ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... æ≈“ μ‘° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Õ◊ËπÊ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... √ÿª‡°’ˬ«°—∫«— ¥ÿ„π™’«‘μª√–®”«—π‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 9. 678 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ §«“¡·¢ÁߢÕß«— ¥ÿ μ“√“ß∫—π∑÷°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ™π‘¥¢Õß«— ¥ÿ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߇¡◊ËÕ¢Ÿ¥¥â«¬‡À√’¬≠ ·°â« ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... æ≈“ μ‘° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... °√–‡∫◊ÈÕß ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‰¡â ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‡À≈Á° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 10. 679 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ §«“¡‡À𒬫¢Õß«— ¥ÿ μ“√“ß∫—π∑÷°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ®”π«π∂ÿß∑√“¬ (∂ÿß) °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕ߇ âπ‡ÕÁπ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕ߇ âπ¥â“¬ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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- 11. 680 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ §«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ¢Õß«— ¥ÿ ∫—π∑÷°ª√‘¡“≥æ≈—ßß“π∑’ˉ¥â√—∫®“°Õ“À“√·μà≈–¡◊ÈÕ §«“¡¬“«¢Õ߇ âπ‡ÕÁπ (cm) §«“¡¬“«¢Õ߬“߬◊¥ (cm) °àÕπ·¢«π À≈—ß·¢«π °àÕπ·¢«π À≈—ß·¢«π 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ∂ÿß∑√“¬ 500 °√—¡ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ®”π«π∂à“π‰ø©“¬ (°âÕπ) √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 12. 681 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ °“√𔧫“¡√âÕπ¢Õß«— ¥ÿ μ“√“ß∫—π∑÷°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ·∑àß«— ¥ÿ ≈”¥—∫°“√À≈Õ¡‡À≈«¢Õ߇∑’¬π ‰¡â ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ·°â« ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‡À≈Á° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ∑Õß·¥ß ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 13. 682 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ °“√π”‰øøÑ“¢Õß«— ¥ÿ μ“√“ß∫—π∑÷°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ·∑àß«— ¥ÿ °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕßÀ≈Õ¥‰ø ‰¡â ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ·°â« ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Õ–≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‡À≈Á° ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ∑Õß·¥ß ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 14. 683 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ¢Õß·¢Áß¡’ ¡∫—μ‘Õ¬à“߉√ ¡«≈¢Õß·∑à߉¡â......................................°√—¡ ¡«≈¢Õß°âÕπÀ‘π................................... °√—¡ ª√‘¡“μ√¢Õß·∑à߉¡â...................................≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ ª√‘¡“μ√¢Õß°âÕπÀ‘π.................................≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ ¡«≈ (°√—¡) §«“¡Àπ“·πàπ = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ª√‘¡“μ√ (≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√) ·∑à߉¡â¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ = °√—¡/≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ = °√—¡/≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ °âÕπÀ‘π¡’§«“¡Àπ“·πàπ = °√—¡/≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ = °√—¡/≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ √ÿª ¡∫—μ‘¢Õß·¢Á߉¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 15. 684 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ¢Õ߇À≈«¡’ ¡∫—μ‘Õ¬à“߉√ ¡«≈¢Õß°√–∫Õ°μ«ß....................................°√—¡ ¡«≈¢ÕßπÈ” ’·≈–°√–∫Õ°μ«ß....................................°√—¡ ¡«≈¢ÕßπÈ” ’....................................°√—¡ ª√‘¡“μ√¢ÕßπÈ” ’ °àÕπ∑¥≈Õß....................................≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ À≈—ß∑¥≈Õß....................................≈Ÿ°∫“»°å‡´π쑇¡μ√ √Ÿª√à“ߢÕßπÈ” ’‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑„ à„π¿“™π–·∫∫μà“ßÊ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. √ÿª ¡∫—μ‘¢Õ߇À≈«‰¥âÕ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
- 16. 685 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ·°ä ¡’ ¡∫—μ‘Õ¬à“߉√ μÕπ∑’Ë 1 ¡«≈¢Õß≈Ÿ°‚ªÉß......................................°√—¡ ¡«≈¢Õß≈Ÿ°‚ªÉß + Õ“°“»......................................°√—¡ ¡«≈¢ÕßÕ“°“»......................................°√—¡ √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥â«à“Õ¬à“߉√ ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... μÕπ∑’Ë 2 ¢≥–°¥°â“πÀ≈Õ¥©’¥¬“ ·≈–À≈—ß®“°ª≈àÕ¬¡◊Õ®“°°â“πÀ≈Õ¥©’¥¬“ ª√‘¡“μ√¢ÕßÕ“°“»„πÀ≈Õ¥©’¥¬“‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß Õ¬à“߉√ √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥â«à“Õ¬à“߉√ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ¢≥–°¥°â“πÀ≈Õ¥©’¥¬“ ‡¡◊ËÕª≈àÕ¬¡◊Õ∑’Ë°¥°â“πÀ≈Õ¥©’¥¬“
- 17. 686 „∫∫—π∑÷°°‘®°√√¡ ™◊ËÕ............................................................................................................................... ™—Èπ.................................. ‡≈¢∑’Ë............................... «—π∑’Ë............................... ‡¥◊Õπ.............................................................. æ.»................................ ·°ä ¡’ ¡∫—μ‘Õ¬à“߉√ μÕπ∑’Ë 3 Õ“°“»„π∂ÿßæ≈“ μ‘°À“¬‰ª‰Àπ....................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥â«à“Õ¬à“߉√ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ μÕπ∑’Ë 4 ‡¡◊ËÕμàÕÀ≈Õ¥æ≈“ μ‘°·¢Áß∑’Ë¡’∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“߇¢â“°—∫≈Ÿ°‚ªÉß ¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬à“߉√ ‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... √Ÿª√à“ߢÕßÕ“°“»‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬Ÿà„π≈Ÿ°‚ªÉß·μ°μà“ß°—∫‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬Ÿà„π∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“ßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à Õ¬à“߉√ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ √ÿªº≈°“√∑¥≈Õ߉¥â«à“Õ¬à“߉√ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................