This document summarizes and reviews an article by Dr. Anu Kapur titled "Geography in India: A Languishing Social Science". The review discusses how Dr. Kapur's article brought important issues to light regarding the status of geography as a discipline in India. It highlighted how geography has been neglected compared to other social sciences. The review praises Dr. Kapur's extensive research and use of data to support her arguments. It also examines how her article prompted further discussion and debate on how to strengthen geography in India.
The present study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, MM institute of medical sciences & research, Mullana (Ambala), on 600 Haryanvi adults comprising of 300 males and 300 females aged 18 to 40 years. Prior informed written consent was obtained from subjects. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study were predefined. The purpose of study was to create, evaluate data on face anthropometry. Two measurements, the morphological facial length, bizygomatic breadth were taken by using standard anthropometric instruments. From the study it was concluded that the mean morphological facial length was 11.07cm in male and 10.21cm in female. Bizygomatic breadth was 13.08 cm in male & 12.35cm in female. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in male and 84.84 in female. So all the measurements were more in males as compared to females.It was concluded that the dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (49.66 %) followed by euriprosopic (24%), leptoprosopic (12.33%), Hypereuriprosopic (11%) & Hyperleptoprosopic (3%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (35%) followed by Hypereuriprosopic (25%), euriprosopic (19.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%).Data of this study will be useful to anthropologist, plastic surgeons, anatomists and forensic experts.
Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity in the Performance of Rural Revitalization in Chifeng City of China: Based on a Range-wide EBM-GML Model
Laboratory Life: Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas
Perception of the Residential Environmental Quality of Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria
Changes in Mediterranean Coastline According to the Coastal Type and Land Cover under Climate Change: The Case of South-east Spain
Strengthening People-oriented Geographical Research in the New Era
The present study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, MM institute of medical sciences & research, Mullana (Ambala), on 600 Haryanvi adults comprising of 300 males and 300 females aged 18 to 40 years. Prior informed written consent was obtained from subjects. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study were predefined. The purpose of study was to create, evaluate data on face anthropometry. Two measurements, the morphological facial length, bizygomatic breadth were taken by using standard anthropometric instruments. From the study it was concluded that the mean morphological facial length was 11.07cm in male and 10.21cm in female. Bizygomatic breadth was 13.08 cm in male & 12.35cm in female. The facial index (mean) was 86.09 in male and 84.84 in female. So all the measurements were more in males as compared to females.It was concluded that the dominant type of face shape in males was mesoproscopic (49.66 %) followed by euriprosopic (24%), leptoprosopic (12.33%), Hypereuriprosopic (11%) & Hyperleptoprosopic (3%). In females the dominant type of face was also mesoprosopic (35%) followed by Hypereuriprosopic (25%), euriprosopic (19.33%), leptoprosopic (19%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.66%).Data of this study will be useful to anthropologist, plastic surgeons, anatomists and forensic experts.
Spatio-temporal Heterogeneity in the Performance of Rural Revitalization in Chifeng City of China: Based on a Range-wide EBM-GML Model
Laboratory Life: Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas
Perception of the Residential Environmental Quality of Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria
Changes in Mediterranean Coastline According to the Coastal Type and Land Cover under Climate Change: The Case of South-east Spain
Strengthening People-oriented Geographical Research in the New Era
● Decolonizing Geography and Access to Powerful Disciplinary Knowledge
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/898
● Geographic Models of Socioeconomic and Cognitive Development: A Test in Peru
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1329
● Modeling Interstate Banking in the United States: the Spatial 3-Stage Least Squares Approach
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1375
● Retail Outlets and City Centrality: Perspectives from a Sub-Saharan African City
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1371
PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHODSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Philosophy is the science of seeking truth. The truth that is sought from each person is different.
the truth as to what is being sought is not always the same and not always different. When something is good for
oneself, then we will say it is true, that is also the truth that is believed. However, every truth needs to be true,
not only by oneself, but also by others in general. Truth must be representative or must represent. Therefore, the
truth needs to be tested and proven through research. The research was conducted using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a way to facilitate and focus on proving the truth. So there is a relationship between
philosophy as a seeker of truth with scientific research methods to prove the truth. So that the truth can be
recognized by everyone, becoming a science that can be adopted or adapted. Science is owned to add insight in
order to improve one's intellectual. So that people do not just say, but there are basics or foundations in
acknowledging or justifying any opinion. The truth that is proven representatively, that is the truth that has
become science, which can be accepted by everyone, after going through a research
KEYWORDS: philosophy; method; scientific
This is the presentation of my PhD progress given before Departmental Research Committee, Department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. It was scheduled on April 29, 2020 and COVID-19 nationwide lockdown-2 was going on and hence it was presented virtually through Google Meet. This presentation has the details about seminar/ conference presentation, research paper publication, training program completed from eminent institutes of India. I also completed MOOC on Disability Studies from Swayam, NPTEL with 83%.
What is History The Science of the Past in Perspectiveijtsrd
Some puzzles in human life are universal and cut across generations. That is why some of the very issues that boggled the minds of many people several centuries ago continue to baffle many people today. Such problems often attract the attention of scholars and generate debates among them. The meaning of the term ‘history’ and the nature of history in general are certainly some of the sensitive problems that have remained highly debatable among historians and allied scholars. In fact, the debate on “what is history †has continued without resolution for several centuries. The term ‘history’ has been defined or explained differently by different people at different times and under different circumstances. Though these definitions or explanations have been accepted and used, the lack of unanimity on the part of historians on a common definition places students and teachers of history in a difficult situation concerning what exactly history is. We believe that in the contemporary setting, any definition or explanation given to history must be situated in a framework that is comprehensive enough to make the nature and philosophy of the discipline clear. Using both primary and secondary documents, and employing the multi disciplinary approach, this paper examines some of the important definitions or explanations that have been given to history with the view to constructing a definition or an explanation that is appropriate for history today. In its survey, the study finds that several definitions have been formulated for history over the centuries. It observes, however, that some of the definitions or explanations are inappropriate and unacceptable today in view of their inability to reveal the true nature of history and clarify the philosophy behind the study of the past. In its evaluation and conclusion, the paper appreciates that history has both art and science dimensions, and is also a practice with an avowed philosophy. Taking all these into consideration, the paper then defines or explains history in a context that is comprehensive enough to depict history as a discipline that is concerned not only with the past, but also, and more especially, with the present and the future for the development of society and the various sciences or disciplines. As a result, the study draws attention to the need to promote the serious study of history in schools. Adjei Adjepong "What is History?: The Science of the Past in Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30301.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/30301/what-is-history-the-science-of-the-past-in-perspective/adjei-adjepong
ITS 832 CHAPTER 10VALUES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS REVALUED.docxvrickens
ITS 832 CHAPTER 10
VALUES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS REVALUED
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
• Technology perceptions
• Technology and public decision making
• Methodology
• Case studies
• Analysis
• Summary and conclusions
TECHNOLOGY PERCEPTIONS
• Debate on underlying assumptions of models
• Are models biased?
• Is technology biased?
• Are model builders biased?
• Are model users biased?
• Technological determinism
• Technology is not neutral of value-free
• Social construction of technology
• Technology is designed with bias, or values
• Technological instrumentalism
• Technology is neutral and value-free
TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC DECISION MAKING
• Policy making involves complex systems
• Model bias must be understood to evaluate results
• Bias, or value can be categorized
• Values of the data
• Values of the model
• Values of the decision-making process
METHODOLOGY
• Select six case studies
• Carry out secondary analysis of results
• Identify cases with three basic characteristics
• New model designed for case
• Relate to policy issues with the natural or built world
• Highly complex and controversial issues
CASE STUDIES
• Morphological Predictions in the Westerschele (Belgium and the Netherlands)
• Morphological Predictions in the Unterlbe (Germany)
• Flood-Risk Prediction (Germany and the Netherlands)
• Determining the Implementation of Congestion Charging in London (UK)
• Predicting and Containing the Outbreak of Livestock Diseases (Germany)
• Predicting Particular Matter Concentrations (the Netherlands)
ANALYSIS
• Analyzing empirical data resulted in several findings
• Values in data
• Cases 1-4 exhibited higher trustworthiness of data
• Margin of error high in all cases
• Values in the model
• Similar to values in data findings
• Values in the decision-making process
• Clear lines of authority in cases 1, 4, and 5
• Lack of clear authority (cases 2, 3, and 6) leads to conflict
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
• Model effectiveness is impacted by bias
• Values can originate from multiple sources
• Data
• Model design
• Model use
• Outcome validity requires a clear understanding of values put forth by model
use
ASSIGNMENT:
Reading Reflections
Assigned readings have been posted to the course website. Complete the readings before the class session for which they are listed, and come to class prepared to discuss them.
For FIVE days during the quarter, submit a written reflection to the weekly Dropbox before the start of the lecture for that day. Reflections should be at least 250 words and may respond to one or several of the assigned readings. Longer is fine. These reflections should not simply summarize the readings, but should offer critical comments and points for discussion.
Assignments receiving full points will meet the following criteria:
· Show that you understand the concepts and arguments presented in the assigned reading. Leave no ...
Knowledge is a paramount virtue: A critical defense of the nobility of teachi...AkashSharma618775
Over the ages, humanity has been classist and getting divided more than united over issues of life and
existential living. Hargreaves argues that kinds of life jobs have also become one of the classist stoop to divide
people according to their employments to the effect that other jobs have been argued to be not equal with others
and some people suffer less respect than others. It requires a critical thinking that the profession that
foundationally and literally serves as the basis of all professions is now argued to be not a profession but somehow
something like a mere calling and a mission. It is on that backdrop that I hereby endeavor to use analytical theory
to analyze and critique views that came forth to argue different perspectives concerning the practice or the career
of teaching. This writing is to set forth that since teaching has the requirements of a skilled labor and a profession;
it makes more sense than not to consider it a fully-fledged profession that requires a paramount status like other
professions. It is in fact a noble profession because it even produces all these other known professions. Since this
paper defends the importance of teaching as a profession I set forth to settle some incoherent questions that critics
of education offer to downgrade teaching as a profession. With analytic theory I will be able to peruse and
critically analyze the available literature, and without any bias or stereotype, I will be able to offer my defensible
views as amicable as possible. Since the purpose of this study is to analyze the available literature and investigate
the understanding of scholars with regards to this concept of professionalism and profession, analytic theoretical
framework will be used. My basic argument is that it is not the case that teaching should be a profession, but that
it is in fact a fully-fledged profession that should be recognized as such by all other professionals. With my stated
purpose and aim of this study it becomes quite clear that its importance lies in defending teaching as a noble
profession that deserves an equal honor and respect at a similar level with other established professions. At the
end, this study is aimed at clarifying the mysteries and misconceptions that tend to discourage some people who
want to start a career in education/ teaching as an honorable profession.
GEOGRAPHY AND MAPS –myth and contemporary realitiesProf Ashis Sarkar
Map is the most important tool of a geographer. It is characterized by certain myths and realities developed over the years. It has been addressed with details.
EDUC 637
Literature Review InstructionsGeneral Overview
Please read the instructions and rubric for the Literature Review assignment BEFORE you sign-up for a topic. You will want to select a topic wisely so you will be able to identify 5 trends in your research.
For this assignment, you will select a topic in the general area of social studies instruction in middle grade education and examine accompanying literature related to that topic to identify the latest trends and issues. Ultimately, you will compile these results into a PowerPoint presentation of around 10 slides to identify these trends.Learning Objective
You will develop a presentation identifying general trends in middle-grade social studies education associated with a set of articles in the content area.Assignment Process
1. Begin classifying and compiling articles and sub-topics into groups of information for presentation (note 5 trends).
2. You should have scanned at least 30 articles in the process, which then need to be provided as part of this assignment in an attached bibliography list.
3. The final product should be a PowerPoint presentation consisting of:
a. a minimum of 10 but not to exceed 20 slides
b. 5 trends related to your topic (a paragraph or 2 on each trend)
c. identify issues with the type of research and/or writing undertaken
d. identify gaps in the research by identifying areas for further research on the trend
e. bibliography submitted as a Word document of about 30 articles in APA format
4. The final product is to be submitted by 11:59 p.m. (ET) in Sunday of Module 4.
Topic
· Effective Testing Strategies in Social Studies
Literature Review
Integrated Learning in Social Studies Education
Based on the literature reviewed for this assignment, there seems to be a fairly widely-held consensus (though largely anecdotal (see Research Methodology Issues)) among many education professionals that social studies, when integrated with other subjects, increases one's ability to learn more effectively across a broad range of subject matter. Nuthall (1999), for example, analyzed the learning habits of five students in an integrated science and social studies unit on Antarctica. His study concluded that the integration of these two subjects allowed students to acquire new knowledge in each of the disciplines that may not have been similarly acquired had the courses been taught separately. Educators in other areas of study have conveyed similar anecdotal results concerning their respective areas of study as well.
Matheus' (2000) study on using an integrated content social studies class as a means of developing problem-solving skills also cites the validity of integrated social studies curriculum. The author concludes that the integration of social studies curriculum with other subject matter creates connecting pathways between each which can apply across disciplines and even beyond the classroom.
Theodore Kaltsounis (1990) also concludes that, although.
"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
● Decolonizing Geography and Access to Powerful Disciplinary Knowledge
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/898
● Geographic Models of Socioeconomic and Cognitive Development: A Test in Peru
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1329
● Modeling Interstate Banking in the United States: the Spatial 3-Stage Least Squares Approach
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1375
● Retail Outlets and City Centrality: Perspectives from a Sub-Saharan African City
https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jgr/article/view/1371
PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC METHODSAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Philosophy is the science of seeking truth. The truth that is sought from each person is different.
the truth as to what is being sought is not always the same and not always different. When something is good for
oneself, then we will say it is true, that is also the truth that is believed. However, every truth needs to be true,
not only by oneself, but also by others in general. Truth must be representative or must represent. Therefore, the
truth needs to be tested and proven through research. The research was conducted using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a way to facilitate and focus on proving the truth. So there is a relationship between
philosophy as a seeker of truth with scientific research methods to prove the truth. So that the truth can be
recognized by everyone, becoming a science that can be adopted or adapted. Science is owned to add insight in
order to improve one's intellectual. So that people do not just say, but there are basics or foundations in
acknowledging or justifying any opinion. The truth that is proven representatively, that is the truth that has
become science, which can be accepted by everyone, after going through a research
KEYWORDS: philosophy; method; scientific
This is the presentation of my PhD progress given before Departmental Research Committee, Department of English, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. It was scheduled on April 29, 2020 and COVID-19 nationwide lockdown-2 was going on and hence it was presented virtually through Google Meet. This presentation has the details about seminar/ conference presentation, research paper publication, training program completed from eminent institutes of India. I also completed MOOC on Disability Studies from Swayam, NPTEL with 83%.
What is History The Science of the Past in Perspectiveijtsrd
Some puzzles in human life are universal and cut across generations. That is why some of the very issues that boggled the minds of many people several centuries ago continue to baffle many people today. Such problems often attract the attention of scholars and generate debates among them. The meaning of the term ‘history’ and the nature of history in general are certainly some of the sensitive problems that have remained highly debatable among historians and allied scholars. In fact, the debate on “what is history †has continued without resolution for several centuries. The term ‘history’ has been defined or explained differently by different people at different times and under different circumstances. Though these definitions or explanations have been accepted and used, the lack of unanimity on the part of historians on a common definition places students and teachers of history in a difficult situation concerning what exactly history is. We believe that in the contemporary setting, any definition or explanation given to history must be situated in a framework that is comprehensive enough to make the nature and philosophy of the discipline clear. Using both primary and secondary documents, and employing the multi disciplinary approach, this paper examines some of the important definitions or explanations that have been given to history with the view to constructing a definition or an explanation that is appropriate for history today. In its survey, the study finds that several definitions have been formulated for history over the centuries. It observes, however, that some of the definitions or explanations are inappropriate and unacceptable today in view of their inability to reveal the true nature of history and clarify the philosophy behind the study of the past. In its evaluation and conclusion, the paper appreciates that history has both art and science dimensions, and is also a practice with an avowed philosophy. Taking all these into consideration, the paper then defines or explains history in a context that is comprehensive enough to depict history as a discipline that is concerned not only with the past, but also, and more especially, with the present and the future for the development of society and the various sciences or disciplines. As a result, the study draws attention to the need to promote the serious study of history in schools. Adjei Adjepong "What is History?: The Science of the Past in Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30301.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/30301/what-is-history-the-science-of-the-past-in-perspective/adjei-adjepong
ITS 832 CHAPTER 10VALUES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS REVALUED.docxvrickens
ITS 832 CHAPTER 10
VALUES IN COMPUTATIONAL MODELS REVALUED
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY
DR. JORDON SHAW
INTRODUCTION
• Technology perceptions
• Technology and public decision making
• Methodology
• Case studies
• Analysis
• Summary and conclusions
TECHNOLOGY PERCEPTIONS
• Debate on underlying assumptions of models
• Are models biased?
• Is technology biased?
• Are model builders biased?
• Are model users biased?
• Technological determinism
• Technology is not neutral of value-free
• Social construction of technology
• Technology is designed with bias, or values
• Technological instrumentalism
• Technology is neutral and value-free
TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC DECISION MAKING
• Policy making involves complex systems
• Model bias must be understood to evaluate results
• Bias, or value can be categorized
• Values of the data
• Values of the model
• Values of the decision-making process
METHODOLOGY
• Select six case studies
• Carry out secondary analysis of results
• Identify cases with three basic characteristics
• New model designed for case
• Relate to policy issues with the natural or built world
• Highly complex and controversial issues
CASE STUDIES
• Morphological Predictions in the Westerschele (Belgium and the Netherlands)
• Morphological Predictions in the Unterlbe (Germany)
• Flood-Risk Prediction (Germany and the Netherlands)
• Determining the Implementation of Congestion Charging in London (UK)
• Predicting and Containing the Outbreak of Livestock Diseases (Germany)
• Predicting Particular Matter Concentrations (the Netherlands)
ANALYSIS
• Analyzing empirical data resulted in several findings
• Values in data
• Cases 1-4 exhibited higher trustworthiness of data
• Margin of error high in all cases
• Values in the model
• Similar to values in data findings
• Values in the decision-making process
• Clear lines of authority in cases 1, 4, and 5
• Lack of clear authority (cases 2, 3, and 6) leads to conflict
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
• Model effectiveness is impacted by bias
• Values can originate from multiple sources
• Data
• Model design
• Model use
• Outcome validity requires a clear understanding of values put forth by model
use
ASSIGNMENT:
Reading Reflections
Assigned readings have been posted to the course website. Complete the readings before the class session for which they are listed, and come to class prepared to discuss them.
For FIVE days during the quarter, submit a written reflection to the weekly Dropbox before the start of the lecture for that day. Reflections should be at least 250 words and may respond to one or several of the assigned readings. Longer is fine. These reflections should not simply summarize the readings, but should offer critical comments and points for discussion.
Assignments receiving full points will meet the following criteria:
· Show that you understand the concepts and arguments presented in the assigned reading. Leave no ...
Knowledge is a paramount virtue: A critical defense of the nobility of teachi...AkashSharma618775
Over the ages, humanity has been classist and getting divided more than united over issues of life and
existential living. Hargreaves argues that kinds of life jobs have also become one of the classist stoop to divide
people according to their employments to the effect that other jobs have been argued to be not equal with others
and some people suffer less respect than others. It requires a critical thinking that the profession that
foundationally and literally serves as the basis of all professions is now argued to be not a profession but somehow
something like a mere calling and a mission. It is on that backdrop that I hereby endeavor to use analytical theory
to analyze and critique views that came forth to argue different perspectives concerning the practice or the career
of teaching. This writing is to set forth that since teaching has the requirements of a skilled labor and a profession;
it makes more sense than not to consider it a fully-fledged profession that requires a paramount status like other
professions. It is in fact a noble profession because it even produces all these other known professions. Since this
paper defends the importance of teaching as a profession I set forth to settle some incoherent questions that critics
of education offer to downgrade teaching as a profession. With analytic theory I will be able to peruse and
critically analyze the available literature, and without any bias or stereotype, I will be able to offer my defensible
views as amicable as possible. Since the purpose of this study is to analyze the available literature and investigate
the understanding of scholars with regards to this concept of professionalism and profession, analytic theoretical
framework will be used. My basic argument is that it is not the case that teaching should be a profession, but that
it is in fact a fully-fledged profession that should be recognized as such by all other professionals. With my stated
purpose and aim of this study it becomes quite clear that its importance lies in defending teaching as a noble
profession that deserves an equal honor and respect at a similar level with other established professions. At the
end, this study is aimed at clarifying the mysteries and misconceptions that tend to discourage some people who
want to start a career in education/ teaching as an honorable profession.
GEOGRAPHY AND MAPS –myth and contemporary realitiesProf Ashis Sarkar
Map is the most important tool of a geographer. It is characterized by certain myths and realities developed over the years. It has been addressed with details.
EDUC 637
Literature Review InstructionsGeneral Overview
Please read the instructions and rubric for the Literature Review assignment BEFORE you sign-up for a topic. You will want to select a topic wisely so you will be able to identify 5 trends in your research.
For this assignment, you will select a topic in the general area of social studies instruction in middle grade education and examine accompanying literature related to that topic to identify the latest trends and issues. Ultimately, you will compile these results into a PowerPoint presentation of around 10 slides to identify these trends.Learning Objective
You will develop a presentation identifying general trends in middle-grade social studies education associated with a set of articles in the content area.Assignment Process
1. Begin classifying and compiling articles and sub-topics into groups of information for presentation (note 5 trends).
2. You should have scanned at least 30 articles in the process, which then need to be provided as part of this assignment in an attached bibliography list.
3. The final product should be a PowerPoint presentation consisting of:
a. a minimum of 10 but not to exceed 20 slides
b. 5 trends related to your topic (a paragraph or 2 on each trend)
c. identify issues with the type of research and/or writing undertaken
d. identify gaps in the research by identifying areas for further research on the trend
e. bibliography submitted as a Word document of about 30 articles in APA format
4. The final product is to be submitted by 11:59 p.m. (ET) in Sunday of Module 4.
Topic
· Effective Testing Strategies in Social Studies
Literature Review
Integrated Learning in Social Studies Education
Based on the literature reviewed for this assignment, there seems to be a fairly widely-held consensus (though largely anecdotal (see Research Methodology Issues)) among many education professionals that social studies, when integrated with other subjects, increases one's ability to learn more effectively across a broad range of subject matter. Nuthall (1999), for example, analyzed the learning habits of five students in an integrated science and social studies unit on Antarctica. His study concluded that the integration of these two subjects allowed students to acquire new knowledge in each of the disciplines that may not have been similarly acquired had the courses been taught separately. Educators in other areas of study have conveyed similar anecdotal results concerning their respective areas of study as well.
Matheus' (2000) study on using an integrated content social studies class as a means of developing problem-solving skills also cites the validity of integrated social studies curriculum. The author concludes that the integration of social studies curriculum with other subject matter creates connecting pathways between each which can apply across disciplines and even beyond the classroom.
Theodore Kaltsounis (1990) also concludes that, although.
"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
Parallel generators of pseudo random numbers with control of calculation errors
T0 numtq0odq=
1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Article Review of “Geography in India: A
Languishing Social Science”
Vivek Tripathi
Abstract: Prof. Kapur has done a very commendable work towards the development of Geography Discipline. She has contributed not
only through her researches but motivating other geographers too through her research work. This article is one of her great
researches. I have tried to explore main points of her articles in this review.
Keywords: Geography, languishing science, Anu Kapur, Social Science, Review
1. Introduction
The article “Geography in India: A Languishing Social
Science” was written by eminent geographer Dr. Anu Kapur,
Professor, in the Department of Geography, Delhi school of
Economics, University of Delhi, published in Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. 39, No. 37 (Sep. 11-17, 2004), pp.
4187-4195.
The article covers a very important topic on the status of
geography in India. The title instantly pulls the attraction of
a geographer towards it. Though it is primarily written for
geographers, who could get informed with their actual
status, it also focuses on other social scientists and
authoritarians of social sciences. This paper posits a
pertinent question before the heads of various departments
of social science development authorities, that why they
have ignored such an indispensable discipline among other
social sciences.Dr. Anu Kapur, with her special style of
writing wherein she provides ample data to support her
arguments, posits a vulnerable situation of the discipline of
geography. Here, in this article, she starts with three top,
renowned institutions of social sciences, which have ignored
geography during their broad research programs for the
various disciplines of social sciences.
Dr. Kapur’s core idea behind writing this article is to
provide some thought provoking write up, to provide a
mirror to the geographers who could properly see the actual
position of their discipline among other social sciences.
2. Importance of the Article
An eye-opener, an instigator and a motivator are the terms
that characterize this article ‘Geography in India: A
Languishing Social Science’ authored by Dr. Kapur. After
secondary education students look up to various disciplines
to opt. Some go for geography. Why should they opt for
geography? What scope does this discipline provides and
purpose does it solves? A reading of this article is a must to
everyone. All the geographers whether they are old or young
must carefully read this article and analyse it for positive
outcome. If they have grown old in developing this subject,
then this article presents before them a form of bio-data.
What were their efforts and how fruitful were their steps in
evolving this subject. Most importantly, they could see what
went wrong. Geography developed and evolved with other
disciplines of social sciences but what made it lagging
behind to them?After introspection, they could find the
shortfalls and positively share them with the younger
generation of geographers. The experience of these older
prominent Indian geographers is precious for the younger
one. Navigating with the help of those experiences this new
army of younger geographers could take the discipline at the
top. The slumber and stagnancy can be broken and this
article serves as prime motivator.
Secondly, the younger generation of geographers is well
equipped with all new technology and science. They can
work hard in right direction and transform the languishing
disciplineinto a developed one. The amount of focus that is
required can be applied by this new breed of geographers
with the help of experiences and exposure of older
geographers. This article is equally important for the
authorities of social sciences. When the discipline of
Geography has been added under social science it became a
responsibility for the people on the top of authorities to look
after every discipline and provide greater assistance to
languishing disciplines. Dr. Kapur has provided proofs that
show neglecting approach applied towards geography. The
impetus required form outside of the discipline is nil. Even
supporting this argument Singh S. (2009) said that the
articles written on the status of geographyare being
published in non-geographical publications like EPW. This
article reminds these authoritarians of their responsibilities
that they have yet to fulfill. This article is especially useful
for the people of other discipline who could find their place
among other social sciences. The article could not achieve
its purpose in some other formulation. Dr. Kapur has done
extensive research in evaluating the discipline of geography
and the attempts made towards its development since its
institutional establishment in India when first department of
geography was established in 1924 in India.
This article works as a mirror for the geographerof India.
They can see their position through this article among other
disciplines of social sciences. This article fills up a broad
gap that was much needed. Until & unless we can watch our
progress and mistakes, how’ll we direct our focus? The
tables provide detailed and complete picture of the
arguments and very beautifully substantiate the arguments
stated by the author.Before reading this article, I too, like
other geographers, used to think that geography is a great
subject and has good respect in India. But this article is an
eye-opener that is in contrast to earlier world of geography
among masses.The article adopts a chronological descriptive
approach in producing its arguments.This article, a bench
mark in itself, has created debate required in the arena of
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Paper ID: OCT14484 1663
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
2. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
Indian geography. Through this article she tried to aware
the practitioners of the discipline to the dismal state of
geography as a social science of India.Quantitatively, Dr.
Kapur has done a commendable Job. Her core research in
terms of data collection & producing them purposefully is
unmatchable and that was the reason, she was quoted by
every geographer, who wrote on this topic after 2004.
3. Comparative analysis
A lot has been written on the topic of status of geography in
India, and the problem attached with the discipline. Dr.
Kapur’s article provides somehow a trademark in the field
geographical debate. It was the impact of her article that it
was followed by two back to back publications one was
“geography in India: marginal space by Sheela Prasad in
January 1, 2005 and second was“Geography as a marginal
social science” by Kuntala Lahiri Dutt in February 12, 2005.
These both article quoted Dr. Kapur and expressed their
appreciation for such a deep ingrained research in field. As
Lahiri-Dutta(2005) says, “the two (Anu 2004, Prasad 2005)
welcome and timely pieces in EPW encouraged me to
neglect upon many fluid thoughts that have intensely
bothered me during my teaching career.”
Reading several seminal works produced by geographers, it
can be said that Dr. Kapur’s work stands apart and presents a
new, refreshing and more sharpen attack on geographers.
Though, she has been critiqued for it by some geographers.
Lahiri-Dutta (2005) said in a disguised manner,“that
geography is indeed a 'legitimate' social science, was a
'given' in Kapur's article, although she justified the statement
by citing a large body of research. Many of these authors
wrote at least a decade or two ago, so consequently they do
not really justify why geography as it stands today in India,
is not considered as a social science.Further she said” both
Kapur and Prasad raised very pertinent issue without really
being able to pinpoint the problem”. Dutta’s this remark
seems superficial as she could not realize Kapur’s whole
argument was about pinpointing the problems. However, she
has been altogether applauded for this work whenSheela
Prasad (2005)starts her article quoting Kapur, “the recent
article by Anu Kapur (Geography in India: A languishing
social science; EPW Sep. 11, 2004), raises pertinent
questions about the presentstatus and future of
geography……... The small community of scholars who
trained in geography will find this piece by Kapur a
welcomeclarion call to take stock of what is happening in
our discipline and how we need to interrogate and
understand these trends”.
Some others like (Dikshit 2006) were not found to be
impressed with the idea of ‘questioning’ regarding nature of
discipline and disciplinary boundaries of the discipline of
geography. However, it is more or less true that geography’s
disciplinary boundary and nature has been a subject of
contention within geographers. Instead of sticking to one
approach of geography it is pertinent to argue the concept at
present and try to evolve the definition of geography based
on emerging nature of resources all around in other
disciplines of social science(Raju 2004, Singh 2009).
4. Arguments in the article
Dr. Kapur has focused on inherent core theme of geography
i.e. space. She discussed development of this core
characteristic of geography and its growth with the
discipline. She explains with proper references that
geography is united with other disciplines and tries to
explore spatiality, as she mentioned, “the fundamental order
which geography seeks and finds among the objects it
investigates is spatial……… Geography attempts to
reproduce for us visible order that exists in a space” (Park
and Burges 1970).Dr. Kapur has meaningfully structured the
article that provides a flow of ideas and thus availing good
understanding to its readers.
Initiating with some prominent institutes attention towards
the discipline, she presents her arguments logically with
relevant subheadings. First, she tries to make the reader
understand the presence of geography as a discipline among
other social science under subheading of, “geography is
social science”. Through heading it is assumed that writer
supports geography as a social science but does this
assumption is supported by other disciplines or within the
discipline by eminent scholars is an unresolved question.
She has focused upon relationship of geography with other
disciplines. Subsequently brings the reader’s attention
towardspresence of geography discipline in India. Reader
could now understand nature of geography and how it is
being treated by geographers and other social scientists.
Within India how fair does geography fare? Dr. Kapur
explained it under the subheading of “geography in
academics” she performed a temporal quantitative analysis
of geography in Indian academic among other social
sciences. Here in, she tries to find out the reason behind
lagging and languishing geography, while other disciplines
are way ahead. She further looks into higher education
institutes of social science. Here, she unfolds the unfortunate
absence of geography in social science research institutes
that provide theoretical base for the survival of any
discipline. In the subsequent subheadings she has provided
some reasons behind such rattled situation geography in
India. The prime reason that she puts behind is lack of
fruitful, useful, practical, solutions to the problems in India.
A sense of inferiority complex that has existed among the
disciplinarians of geography made geography to languish.
She said, “a hesitant alliance exists between geography and
public policy in India” (Kapur 1998). Focusing
onqualitatively and quantitatively substandard work
produced by Indian geographers that caused this discipline
to be a neglected science, Dr. Kapur said thata ‘geographer
in a department barely write one article in three year’.
Finally under the final subheading of ‘hope and scope’ she
has provide some solutions and hoped for the positive
development of geography. Here, she tried to say “let
bygones be bygones”. The new breed of younger and
enthusiastic geographers is the future of this discipline. They
can work legacy of eminent geographers and take the
discipline out of its slumbering state. She said in the last
paragraph, “surprising as it may seem, never will
geographer in India have any greater opportunity to
participate actively in arenas of social science than at
present”. In the last line of the article she has proactively,
exuberantly said, “Geography has the inherent potential for
Volume 3 Issue 10, October 2014
www.ijsr.net
Paper ID: OCT14484 1664
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
3. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2012): 3.358
not just attracting recognition but being a leader in the social
science”.
5. Conclusion
This article had a watermark effect on all further studies in
the discipline of geography. Dr. Kapur, sticking to her
typical style of writing, which is lucid, fluent, easy to
understand, point to point and sharp, created an excellent
piece of research. Other writings could not stick to their core
idea from the beginning to the end as does this article
remains. Unlike other articles on this theme, Dr. Kapur
balanced it in a proper way wherein each paragraph seems to
come out from the previous one, connected to each other in a
logical and meaningful manner. Providing a complete
picture of the status of geography in India from temporal-spatial
perspective, this article makes the reader well
connected and satisfied. Language is lucid and clear and way
of presenting the arguments makes it an interesting reading.
The illustrations and data tables are the backbone of article
whereupon writer has built her strong thought provoking
arguments.
References
[1] Kapur, Anu (1998) Indian Geography: A Future with a
Difference (New Delhi: Allied Publishers).
[2] Raju, Saraswati (2004) Contextualizing critical
geography in India: emerging research and praxis,
Geoforum, 35, pp. 539–544.
[3] Lahiri-Dutt, Kuntala (2005) Geography as a marginal
science, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(7), pp. 689–
691.
[4] Prasad, Sheela (2005) Geography in India: marginal
‘space’, Economic and Political Weekly, 40(1), pp. 79–
80.
[5] Dikshit, K. R. (2006) The changing Western perspective
on geography and the Indian context, Transactions,
Institute of Indian Geographers, 28(2), pp. 123–155.
[6] Singh, Ravi S. (2009) Identity and Image of Indian
Geography: The People's Perspective. Journal of
Geography in Higher Education, Vol. 33, No. 3, 375–
391, September 2009
[7] Singh, S. (2009) Geography in India: Some
Reflections,Transactions of the Institute of Indian
Geographers journal, Vol. 31, No.2, 2009.
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