CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH

1. SYSTEM MODAL AS A
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Presented by
Reena yadav
S.N.M.C AGRA

2. Introduction
• A theoretical framework is analogous to the frame
of house.
• Just as the foundations support a house,
• a theoretical framework provides a rationale for
predictions about relationship among variables in
the research study.

3. Definition of the terms
Concepts - are mental images or ideas relating to
phenomena or objects that share common
properties.
Fact - as any event or phenomenon that can be
observed and on which the observer agrees.
Principles - state a relationship between two facts
that may be used to explain, guide and predict
action.
A theory - is a conceptual system or framework
invented for some purposes.

4. • A conceptual framework is an interconnected set
of ideas (theories) about how a particular
phenomenon functions or is related to its parts.
• The framework serves as the basis for
understanding the causal or co relational patterns
of interconnections across events, ideas,
observations, concepts, knowledge,
interpretations and other components of
experience.
Conceptual framework

5. CONTIN……
The conceptual modal provides a certain frame of
reference for clinical practice, research, and
education.
A conceptual framework is used in research to outline
possible courses of action.

6. Definition of conceptual
framework
Conceptual framework is a cohesive, supporting
linkage of selected, interrelated concepts.
It is the device for organizing ideas and in turn bringing
order to related objects observation, events and
experience.
It serves as a guide to research and spring board for
the generalization of hypotheses.
According to polit and hungler

7. Definition of conceptual framework
Treece And Treece-
• One of the important purpose of conceptual
framework is to communicate clearly the inter
relationship of various concepts.
• Conceptualization provides a frame of reference for
research, education and practice.
• It directs research by pointing out solutions to
practical problem.

8. Purpose of conceptual framework
and theory
To make research findings meaningful and
generalizable.
• Guide a researcher’s understanding of not only the
what of natural phenomena but also the ‘why’ of their
occurrence.
• Theories provide a basis for predicting the
occurrence of phenomena.
• Prediction, in turn, has implications for the control of
the phenomena.
• Help to stimulate research and the extension of
knowledge by providing both direction and impetus.

9. A system is defined as a set
of concepts or parts that
must work together to
perform a particular
function.
Definition of system

10. There are four inputs necessary in every system to produce a
product or service (Laird, 1985):
• People: The workers making up a group and linked by a
common activity. The instructional designers, SMEs, trainers,
learners, etc.
• Material: The raw products which go into the system.
• Technology: The technique for achieving a practical
purpose or goal.
• Time: The measured period during which an action or
process begins and ends.

11. •A system is greater than the sum of its parts.
•Though each sub-system is a self-contained unit,
it is part of a wider and higher order.
•The central objective of a system can be
identified by the fact that other objectives will be
sacrificed in order to attain the central objective.
• A system consists of a set of objectives and their
relationships.
Basic Principles of a Systems Approach

12. Basic Principles of a Systems Approach
• A system is a dynamic network of
interconnecting elements. A change in
only one of the elements must produce
change in all the others.
• When subsystems are arranged in a
series, the output of one is the input for
another; therefore, process alterations in
one requires alterations in other
subsystems.
• To be viable, a system must be strongly
goal-directed, governed by feedback,

13. BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEM
MODAL
• developed by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in
1936.
• felt the need for a theory to guide research in
several disciplines.
• With a common framework, scientists could better
communicate their findings with each other & build
upon each other's work.
• He believed that over time, what was discovered
would come to be applicable to life in general.

14. SYSTM MODAL
The system modal is made up of four
basic components:
input,
throughputs or processes,
Output
feed-back.

15. INPUT
Input refers to the learner/ target group with their
characteristics, level of competence learning needs.
Characteristics of clients: average length of stay,
diagnostic categories, payment status.
• Multiple goals: patient care, teaching, research.
• The energy & raw material transformed by the
system.

16. Throughputs (within puts) or
process
It refers to different operational procedures in the
overall program implementation and includes the
factors that facilitate or block the implementation.
• Throughputs are structure or processes by which
inputs are converted to outputs.

17. • Refers to the evaluation of performance.
• the target group trained in the material/ modules
program.
Evaluation of their performance on the job after the
training period is aimed at determining evidence of
the desired behavioral changes in relation to the
objective of the training.
• Outputs are the goods or the services that the
organization must produce.
• Processing of specified laboratory tests within ten
hours of receipt of specimen.
• 100% follow-up on all patients who fail to keep
appointments.
Output

18. Feedback
Information about some aspect of data
or energy processing that can be used
to evaluate & monitor the system & to
guide it to more effective performance.

19. Feedback
A desired service or product must be produced.
If there is no output, then it is a black hole where
things go in, but nothing emerges.
It is through the feedback process that inputs and
even throughputs are adjusted to produce new
outputs.
- feedback will occur spontaneously.

20. System modal
Input
• Information
material,
capital
human
resources
Throughput
Processing and
transforming
inputs (depend
upon
management
effectiveness).
Outputs
Products or
services
profits,
Social
responsibility,
Growth
Employee
satisfaction
feedback

21. A family's finances to illustrate these 4 concepts.
Input - the money a family receives from wages,
gifts, inheritance, tax refunds, etc.
Throughput - depositing the money in checking &
savings accounts, writing checks, spending cash,
transferring money electronically, recording
deposits in the bankbook, balancing the checkbook,
developing a budget.
Output - the goods & services purchased with the
family's money such as the utilities, insurance,
automobiles, food, etc.
Feedback - the bank statements showing checking
& savings account balances

22. everyone has a grasp of how a thermostat in their home
works. We set the desired temperature for heat. The
thermostat monitors the temperature in the room. When
the temperature falls below the desired level, the
thermostat sends a signal to our heater, and tells it to turn
on. Heat is generated by our furnace or heater. When the
temperature reaches the desired level, the thermostat
sends a signal to the heater to turn off.
Example

23. Input - The gas or electricity which comes from
our power company.
Output – Heat
Throughput - thermostat monitors the
temperature, thermostat sends a signal to our
heater to turn on, thermostat sends a signal to
the heater to turn off, the gas is burned, the fan
turns on & blows warm air into the room.
Feedback - when the temperature falls below
the desired level, the thermostat sends a signal
to our heater; when the temperature reaches the
desired level, the thermostat sends a signal to
the heater to turn off.

24. A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of A Planned
Teaching Program In Terms Of Knowledge And
Practice Of Mothers Regarding Prevention And
Management Of Acute Respiratory Infection In
Children Aged 0-5 Years In The Selected Rural Area,
New Delhi, By Anima John, S.N. 444, May 1999.

25. Refers here to target group that is
mother having children of 0-5 years
and their existing characteristics
(i.e)
• age,
• religion,
•education level,
•occupation,
•socioeconomic status,
• income,
INPUT

26. Refers the different operational aspects of the
development and implementation of planned
teaching programme.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of
mothers regarding prevention and management of
ARI in children by an interview schedule and an
operational checklist.
Development of planned teaching programme.
Implementation of the PTP on the mothers to
determine effectiveness of PTP pretest post test
single group design.
PROCESS

27. • Refers to the evaluation of performance of mothers before
exposed to the PTP and the teaching,
• If mothers acquire knowledge, they will have improved
knowledge and will develop a correct practice toward the
prevention and management of ARI in children.
• On the other hand, if they have inadequate knowledge, they
will not able to contribute to prevention and management of
ARI in children and develop an incorrect practice towards
management and prevention of ARI.
OUTPUT

28. FEEDBACK
Emphasizes the need to strengthen the input and process.

29. “ A Study To Develop And Evaluate The
Effectiveness Of Self Instructional Module
On Mechanical Ventilators In Terms Of
Knowledge And Skill Of Staff Nurses
Working In Critical Areas In Selected
Hospital Of Delhi.

30. • BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Basawanthappa BT, (2007), “NURSING RESEARCH”, Second Edition, New
Delhi, Jaypee Brothers, pp 104-106.
• Gillies, Dee Ann (1982). NURSING MANAGEMENT A SYSTEMS APPROACH.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 56-74.
• Mescon H. Michel and Albert Michel, (1985), “MANAGEMENT INDIVIDUAL AND
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS”, Second Edition, London, Herpers and
Row, Pp-56-61.
• Rowland s. Howard and Rowland l. Beatrice, (1985), “nursing administration
handbook”, second edition, United States of America, aspen system corporation,
pp – 35-36.
• Treece Walters Eleanor And Treece James William, ( 1977) “ELEMENTS OF
RESEARCH IN NURSING”, Second Edition, USA The C.V Mosby Company, pp-
26
• W.H.O, (1983),”SELF LEARNING MATERIAL AND MODULE FOR HEALTH
WORKERS, New Delhi, Searo Technical Publication, Pp 6-7.
• Www. Google.com
• wikwpedia.com
• ehow.com
• ask.com

31. THANK YOU !