Synthesis and application of corbon compound in Cancer treatment

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SYNTHESIS AND
APPLICATION OF CORBON
NANOTUBE IN CANCER
TREATMENT
PREPARED BY – SEJAL YADAV

2. CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Synthesis
3. Types of cnt
4. Application
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages
7. Conclusion

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules have Novel properties.
 They can be about 1/50,000th the thickness of a human hair.
 Their unique surface area, stiffness, strength have led to much excitement in the field of
pharmacy.
 High Thermal conductivity.
 Excellent electron emission characterstics.
 ease of cellular uptake, high drug loading, thermal ablation, among others, render them
useful for cancer therapy.
 Good candidates for a wide variety of applications, including drug transporters, new
therapeutics, delivery systems and diagnostics.
 It is discovered in 1991 and shown to have certain unique physicochemical properties,
attracting considerable interest in their application in various fields including drug
delivery.

4. 2. Synthesis of carbon nanotube

5. • The oldest method for the carbon nanotube production is the electric arc discharge.
 This technique was used already in the early sixties by R. Bacon for the synthesis of carbon fibres called
whiskers. The same technique was adapted in 1990 by Krätschmer and Huffman to produce fullerenes in good
yields, and later on this method was improved and applied for the synthesis of multiwall (MWNT) and
singlewall (SWNT) carbon nanotubes.
• Other methods such as the laser evaporation/ablation and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were also
succesfully examined in the production of carbon nanotubes. The laser evaporation process is technically
similar to the arc discharge method.
• The difference between these two methods is in the quality and purity of the obtained products.

6. METHOD ARC DISCHARGE
METHOD
LASER METHOD CHEM. VAPORIZATION
METHOD
PROCESS it involves two
graphite
electrode in presence
of
helium and a current
of
50 ampere is passed
through two graphite
electrodes
this process consist of
graphite rods and it
contain 50:50 catalyst
mixture of Co and Ni
at
12000C and argon is
flowing through it
in this process
reaction
chamber contain
mixture
of nitrogen, ethylene
and
acetylene. during this
temperature of
reaction
chamber was 700-
9000C
and one atmospheric
pressure.
CONDITION Low pressure inert
gas
Argon gas at 1200*c 700-900*c temp at
one atmospheric
pressure

7. 3. TYPES OF CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS)
The carbon nanotubes are of two types namely:
• Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
• Multiple walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
(A) SWCNTs consist of a single cylindrical carbon layer with a diameter in the range of 0.4-2 nm, depending on
the temperature at which they have been synthesized.
 The structure of SWCNTs may be arm chair, zigzag, chiral, or helical arrangements The SWCNTs have an
ultrahigh surface area as large as 1300 m2/g, which renders sufficient space for drug loading and bio
conjugation .
 In drug delivery, SWCNTs are known to be more efficient than MWCNTs. This is due to the reason that
SWCNTs have ultrahigh surface area and efficient drug-loading capacity.

8. (B) MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCNTs)
 MWCNTs consist of several coaxial cylinders, each made of a single grapheme sheet surrounding a
hollow core.
 The outer diameter of MWCNTs ranges from 2-100 nm, while the inner diameter is in the range of 1-3
nm, and their length is one to several micrometers
 Decoration of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consists of depositing nanoparticles on the
MWCNT walls or ends, bonded by physical interaction with potential applications in catalysis,
biosensors, biomedical, magnetic data storage, and electronic devices

9. 4. APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE IN CANCER
• Carbon nanotubes are used in drug delivery carriers for treatment of cancer. And they are reported for
targeting of amphotericin B to cells.
• Carbon nanotubes are used for generation of tissue. In recent years carbon nanotubes are best for tissue
generation because these are biocompatible, resistant to biodegradation and enhancing the organ generation
• Carbon nanotubes are used as energy storage devices.
• Carbon nanotubes are used in artificial implants. carbon nanotubes having high tensile stregth so they are
filled with calcium and arranged like a bone, so can acts as a bone substituent.
• Carbon nanotubes are antioxidant in nature so they are used preserve drugs that are easily oxidized.
• Carbon nanotubes are used for Gene therapy by DNA delivery. Gene therapy is a therapy to cure the gene
which can causeharmful disease by introducing DNA into cells.

10. APPLICATION
DRUG
DELIVERY
CARRIER
AS
PRESERVATIVE
FOR TISSUE
GENERATION
FOR GENE
THERAPY
ARTIFICIAL
IMPLANT
ENERGY
STORAGE
DEVICES

11. 5. ADVANTAGES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
• Biocompatible, Non-biodegradable nature.
• Highly elastic nature and have the possibility of intracellular delivery.
• May exhibit minimum cytotoxicity.
• Excreted by urine 96% and remaining 4% by faeces.
• Ultra-light weight
• CNTs are able to enter cells by spontaneous mechanism due to its tubular and nano needle shape.
• It has distinct inner and outer surface, which can he differentially modified for chemical/ biochemical
functionalization.

12. 6. DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
• It is difficult to maintain high quality and lower impurities.
• Cost of nanotechnology is very high .
• In ARC DISCHARGE and LASER method huge amount of energy is required to complete the
process.
• It is difficult to target large amount of graphite in industrial process.

13. CONCLUSION
Nanoparticulate as drug delivery systems is designed to improve the pharmacological and therapeutic properties
of conventional drugs.
 The incorporation of drug molecules into nanocarrier can protect a drug against degradation as well as offers
possibilities of targeting and controlled release. In comparison with the traditional form of drugs,
nanocarrierdrug conjugates are more effective and selective; they can reduce the toxicity and other adverse
side effects in normal tissues by accumulating drugs in target sites.
 In consequence, the required doses of drugs are lower. However, so far, the scientific paradigm for the
possible (adverse) reactivity of nanoparticles is lacking and we have little understanding of the basics of the
interaction of nanoparticles with living cells, organs and organisms. A conceptual understanding of biological
responses to nanomaterials is needed to develop and apply safe nanomaterials in drug delivery in the future.
Furthermore a close collaboration between those working in drug delivery and particle production is
necessary for the exchange of concepts, methods and know-how to move this issue ahead.

15. REFERENCE
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