SUMMER PROJECT PRESENTATION ON GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER.pptx
1. SUMMER PROJECT PRESENTATION ON IDENTIFY
GENERATIONS OF THE GIVEN COMPONENTS
ExPLAINING FEATURES AND LIMITATIONS
By
Asmita Jana , 6D
2. There are Five Generations of computers
1.First Generation(1940-1956)
2.Second Generation(1956-1963)
3.Third Generation(1964-1971)
4.Fourth Generation(1972-2010)
5.Fifth Generation(Present & Future)
3. I) ENIAC
First Generation Computer(1940-1956)
First generation computer uses Vacuum tubes, Magnetic tape
drives and magnetic core memories were developed. ENIAC
(Electronic Numeric Integrator And Calculator ) was the first
electronic digital computer
Material Used - Vacuum Tubes • Magnetic Drum • 4,000 bits •
Hard Wire Programs in computers
First generation languages (abbreviated as 1GL) Represent the
very early, primitive computer languages that consisted
entirely of 1's and 0's - the actual language that the computer
understands (machine language). This Language is also known
as Binary language.
4. First Generation Computer(1940-1956)
Advantages
The advantages of the earliest computers are:-
• It is that they could perform thousands of calculations each
second, making it possible decode messages in a useful time
period (a few hours).
• The "father" of these computer had originally planned these
machines to try and prove mathematical conjectures, but this
type of application couldn't be considered until after the war.
5. First Generation Computer(1940-1956)
Disadvantages
The disadvantages are:-
• They were very expensive large and occupied a lot of space.
• Difficult to operate
• They contained thousands of valves (vacuum tubes) making
them unreliable, generate tremendous heat, need heavy AC.
• The major limitations for early computers was that memory
was practically non-existant , only punched tape, delay line
memory and mercury memory were available.
6. II) UNIVAC
Second Generation Computer (1956-1963)
Second generation computer uses a new electronic
device called Transistor in the place of Vacuum
tube. Storage capacity of computer also increase
during this generation.
Material Used -•Transistors •Magnetic Cores
•32,000 bits •Punch Cards
Second generation languages (2GL) Represent a
step up from the first generation languages. Allow
for the use of symbolic names instead of just
numbers. Second generation languages are known
as assembly languages.
7. Second Generation Computer (1956-1965)
Advantages
Advantages are:-
•Smaller in size as compared to first generation computers.
•More reliable.
•Less heat generated.
•These computers were able to reduce computational times
from milliseconds to microseconds.
•Less prone to hardware failures.
•Better portability. •Wider commercial use.
8. Second Generation Computer (1956-1965)
Disadvantages
Disadvantages are:-
•Air-conditioning required.
•Frequent maintenance required.
•Manual assembly of individual components into a
functioning unit was required.
•Commercial production was difficult and costly.
9. III) Integrated Circuit USED IN
Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
In third generation computer transistor were replaced with
Integrated Circuit (IC) which is a combination of number of
transistor and other electronic components fused together
on single crystal.
Material Used - •Silicon Chips •Cores, IC’s •128,000 bits
•Keyboard Entry
Third generation languages (3GL) With the languages Third
generation languages are known as "high level languages"
and include C, C++, Java, and Java script, among others.
10. Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
Advantages
Advantages are:-
•Smaller in size as compared to previous generation
computers. •Lower heat generated than second generation
computers. •These computers were able to reduce
computational times from microseconds to nanoseconds.
•Maintenance cost is low because hardware failures are
rare. •Easily portable.
•Less power requirement than previous generation
computers. •Human labour and cost involved reduced
drastically. •Commercial production was easier and
cheaper.
11. Third Generation Computer(1964-1971)
Disadvantages
Advantages are:-
•Smaller in size as compared to previous generation computers.
•Lower heat generated than second generation computers.
•These computers were able to reduce computational times from
microseconds to nanoseconds.
•Maintenance cost is low because hardware failures are rare.
•Easily portable.
•Less power requirement than previous generation computers.
•Human labour and cost involved reduced drastically.
•Commercial production was easier and cheaper.
12. iv) Core i Series Used in
Fourth generation computer(1972-2010)
In fourth generation computer IC were replaced with
Microprocessors .A microprocessor chip consist of
entire central processing unit in a single chip.
Computing speed increased .presently the Core-i-
Series is considered to be the most powerful
microprocessors developed by Intel Corporation,
USA.
Material Used - •Microprocessors •IC’s, LSI’s •100
million bits •Read programs off disks
Fourth generation languages (4GL) The syntax used
in 4GL is very close to human language, and include
SQL and ColdFusion, among others
13. Fourth generation computer(1972-2010)
Advantages
Advantages are:-
•Smallest in size because of high component
density.
•Heat generated is negligible.
•No air conditioning required in most cases.
•Much faster in computation than previous
generations. •Hardware failure is negligible and
hence minimal maintenance is required. •Easily
portable because of their small size.
•Cheapest among all generations.
15. v) Artificial-Intelligence(AI) used in
Fifth generation computer(Present-Future)
In fifth generation computer VLSI technology
were replaced by Ultra large Scale Integration
(ULSI) technology. This technology helped to
developed very small but extremely powerful
and fast computers which come to be known
as ROBOTS. The fifth generation computers
will be under Artificial-Intelligence(AI).
Fifth generation languages (5GL) Fifth
generation languages are currently being used
for neural networks. PROLOG is an example of
5GL.
16. Fifth generation computer(Present-Future)
Advantages
Advantages are:-
•These computers are more reliable, works faster than
other computers.
•They are easily portable.
•These computers are available in different sizes with
different features, with different affordable prices.
•Having extra high processing speed.
•Having capabilities of parallel processing. •WIRELESS!
