Sulfonamides are a class of antibacterial drugs that were first discovered in the 1930s. They work by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the synthesis of folic acid and slowing bacterial growth. Common sulfonamides include sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine, and silver sulfadiazine for topical use. Adverse effects can include crystalluria, hematuria, hemolytic anemia, and hypersensitivity reactions. Sulfonamides remain widely used due to their low cost and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.
Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder affecting millions worldwide. Major advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology, particularly the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, discontinuing NSAIDs if possible, and using antisecretory drugs like PPIs or H2 blockers to heal ulcers. PPIs are more potent acid inhibitors than H2 blockers and are effective in treating peptic ulcers.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 3 million people per year. TB is transmitted through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze, or laugh. While most people who are exposed to TB do not become infected, those who do can develop either latent TB infection or active TB disease. Treatment for latent TB infection and active TB disease involves taking antibiotic medications for several months.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and respiratory tract mucosa. There are three main types of leprosy - lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerves to check for sensation loss in patches. Treatment depends on whether a patient has paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin.
1. Amebiasis is caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica, which exists in infective cysts or invasive trophozoite forms.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treatment as it acts on both luminal and tissue trophozoites.
3. Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine, with potential adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and neurological effects.
The document discusses the life cycle and pathogenesis of malaria parasites. It notes that malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, which includes four species that commonly infect humans. The life cycle involves an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos. In humans, the parasite reproduces in the liver and blood, infecting and destroying red blood cells, and clinical symptoms occur during the blood stage. Relapses can happen months later from dormant liver stages of P. vivax and P. ovale.
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It states that cells are the basic unit of life and are organized into three main regions: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles that carry out metabolic functions. The plasma membrane acts as a barrier and controls what enters and exits the cell. Materials are transported across the membrane through passive diffusion or active transport processes that require energy.
Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder affecting millions worldwide. Major advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology, particularly the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, discontinuing NSAIDs if possible, and using antisecretory drugs like PPIs or H2 blockers to heal ulcers. PPIs are more potent acid inhibitors than H2 blockers and are effective in treating peptic ulcers.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 3 million people per year. TB is transmitted through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze, or laugh. While most people who are exposed to TB do not become infected, those who do can develop either latent TB infection or active TB disease. Treatment for latent TB infection and active TB disease involves taking antibiotic medications for several months.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and respiratory tract mucosa. There are three main types of leprosy - lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerves to check for sensation loss in patches. Treatment depends on whether a patient has paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin.
1. Amebiasis is caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica, which exists in infective cysts or invasive trophozoite forms.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treatment as it acts on both luminal and tissue trophozoites.
3. Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine, with potential adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and neurological effects.
The document discusses the life cycle and pathogenesis of malaria parasites. It notes that malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, which includes four species that commonly infect humans. The life cycle involves an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos. In humans, the parasite reproduces in the liver and blood, infecting and destroying red blood cells, and clinical symptoms occur during the blood stage. Relapses can happen months later from dormant liver stages of P. vivax and P. ovale.
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It states that cells are the basic unit of life and are organized into three main regions: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles that carry out metabolic functions. The plasma membrane acts as a barrier and controls what enters and exits the cell. Materials are transported across the membrane through passive diffusion or active transport processes that require energy.
The document discusses various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the structure and properties of different generations of penicillins and cephalosporins. Examples such as penicillin G, methicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, and various cephalosporins are explained in terms of their antibacterial spectrum, pharmacological properties, clinical uses and adverse effects.
1) Tetracyclines are a class of broad spectrum antibiotics originally obtained from soil bacteria.
2) They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through preventing aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the A site on the 30S ribosome.
3) Tetracyclines are effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but have side effects like gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity, and tooth staining.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and nerves. It is diagnosed based on finding definite loss of sensation in skin patches. Treatment involves multidrug therapy, with regimens depending on the classification of the patient as paucibacillary or multibacillary. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ofloxacin. Side effects of the drugs include liver toxicity, rash, and peripheral neuropathy.
1) The document discusses several antibiotics including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and macrolide antibiotics.
2) It describes how each antibiotic works, providing details on their mechanisms of action at the ribosomal level to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
3) For each antibiotic, it also summarizes their antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and common adverse effects.
The document discusses different classes of metabolic pathways that can be targeted by antimicrobial drugs. Class I reactions involve glucose metabolism and are not promising targets as bacteria can use alternative carbon sources. Class II reactions involve small molecule synthesis and some pathways only exist in microbes, making them better targets. Class III reactions like peptidoglycan synthesis, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis are particularly good targets as bacteria must produce these molecules themselves. The document then provides more details on mechanisms of several antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cell wall, protein and DNA/RNA synthesis.
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
2) The inflammation is caused by a variety of inflammatory cells like mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes which release mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
3) Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lung function tests and demonstration of improvement after bronchodilator treatment.
This document summarizes information about sulphonamides, including their classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. Sulphonamides were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents used to treat bacterial infections. They work by competitively inhibiting the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the synthesis of folic acid and DNA. Different sulphonamides have short, intermediate, or long durations of action depending on their absorption and excretion rates. While systemic use is now rare, sulphonamides combined with trimethoprim or used topically to prevent infections remain important. Adverse effects can include nausea, crystalluria, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The document discusses various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the structure and properties of different generations of penicillins and cephalosporins. Examples such as penicillin G, methicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, and various cephalosporins are explained in terms of their antibacterial spectrum, pharmacological properties, clinical uses and adverse effects.
1) Tetracyclines are a class of broad spectrum antibiotics originally obtained from soil bacteria.
2) They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through preventing aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the A site on the 30S ribosome.
3) Tetracyclines are effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but have side effects like gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity, and tooth staining.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and nerves. It is diagnosed based on finding definite loss of sensation in skin patches. Treatment involves multidrug therapy, with regimens depending on the classification of the patient as paucibacillary or multibacillary. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ofloxacin. Side effects of the drugs include liver toxicity, rash, and peripheral neuropathy.
1) The document discusses several antibiotics including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and macrolide antibiotics.
2) It describes how each antibiotic works, providing details on their mechanisms of action at the ribosomal level to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
3) For each antibiotic, it also summarizes their antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and common adverse effects.
The document discusses different classes of metabolic pathways that can be targeted by antimicrobial drugs. Class I reactions involve glucose metabolism and are not promising targets as bacteria can use alternative carbon sources. Class II reactions involve small molecule synthesis and some pathways only exist in microbes, making them better targets. Class III reactions like peptidoglycan synthesis, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis are particularly good targets as bacteria must produce these molecules themselves. The document then provides more details on mechanisms of several antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cell wall, protein and DNA/RNA synthesis.
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
2) The inflammation is caused by a variety of inflammatory cells like mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes which release mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
3) Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lung function tests and demonstration of improvement after bronchodilator treatment.
This document summarizes information about sulphonamides, including their classification, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects. Sulphonamides were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents used to treat bacterial infections. They work by competitively inhibiting the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, blocking the synthesis of folic acid and DNA. Different sulphonamides have short, intermediate, or long durations of action depending on their absorption and excretion rates. While systemic use is now rare, sulphonamides combined with trimethoprim or used topically to prevent infections remain important. Adverse effects can include nausea, crystalluria, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Similar to Sulfonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones BY JITENDRA BHANGALE (7)
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.