The document discusses the endocrine system and medical terminology related to it. It begins by stating that the endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. Endocrinology is the field of medicine focused on studying the endocrine system and treating related diseases. An endocrinologist specializes in the medical practice of endocrinology. The document aims to help students learn the basic structure of medical words, terminology, and connections related to the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 3 million people per year. TB is transmitted through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze, or laugh. While most people who are exposed to TB do not become infected, those who do can develop either latent TB infection or active TB disease. Treatment for latent TB infection and active TB disease involves taking antibiotic medications for several months.
Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder affecting millions worldwide. Major advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology, particularly the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, discontinuing NSAIDs if possible, and using antisecretory drugs like PPIs or H2 blockers to heal ulcers. PPIs are more potent acid inhibitors than H2 blockers and are effective in treating peptic ulcers.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and respiratory tract mucosa. There are three main types of leprosy - lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerves to check for sensation loss in patches. Treatment depends on whether a patient has paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin.
1) Tetracyclines are a class of broad spectrum antibiotics originally obtained from soil bacteria.
2) They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through preventing aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the A site on the 30S ribosome.
3) Tetracyclines are effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but have side effects like gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity, and tooth staining.
The document discusses the life cycle and pathogenesis of malaria parasites. It notes that malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, which includes four species that commonly infect humans. The life cycle involves an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos. In humans, the parasite reproduces in the liver and blood, infecting and destroying red blood cells, and clinical symptoms occur during the blood stage. Relapses can happen months later from dormant liver stages of P. vivax and P. ovale.
1. Amebiasis is caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica, which exists in infective cysts or invasive trophozoite forms.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treatment as it acts on both luminal and tissue trophozoites.
3. Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine, with potential adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and neurological effects.
The document discusses the endocrine system and medical terminology related to it. It begins by stating that the endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. Endocrinology is the field of medicine focused on studying the endocrine system and treating related diseases. An endocrinologist specializes in the medical practice of endocrinology. The document aims to help students learn the basic structure of medical words, terminology, and connections related to the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs. It is a leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 3 million people per year. TB is transmitted through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze, or laugh. While most people who are exposed to TB do not become infected, those who do can develop either latent TB infection or active TB disease. Treatment for latent TB infection and active TB disease involves taking antibiotic medications for several months.
Peptic ulcer disease is a common disorder affecting millions worldwide. Major advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology, particularly the role of Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID use. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori if present, discontinuing NSAIDs if possible, and using antisecretory drugs like PPIs or H2 blockers to heal ulcers. PPIs are more potent acid inhibitors than H2 blockers and are effective in treating peptic ulcers.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and respiratory tract mucosa. There are three main types of leprosy - lepromatous, tuberculoid, and borderline. Diagnosis involves examination of skin and nerves to check for sensation loss in patches. Treatment depends on whether a patient has paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampin.
1) Tetracyclines are a class of broad spectrum antibiotics originally obtained from soil bacteria.
2) They work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through preventing aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the A site on the 30S ribosome.
3) Tetracyclines are effective against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but have side effects like gastrointestinal upset, photosensitivity, and tooth staining.
The document discusses the life cycle and pathogenesis of malaria parasites. It notes that malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite called Plasmodium, which includes four species that commonly infect humans. The life cycle involves an asexual reproductive phase in humans and a sexual phase in mosquitos. In humans, the parasite reproduces in the liver and blood, infecting and destroying red blood cells, and clinical symptoms occur during the blood stage. Relapses can happen months later from dormant liver stages of P. vivax and P. ovale.
1. Amebiasis is caused by infection with Entamoeba histolytica, which exists in infective cysts or invasive trophozoite forms.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treatment as it acts on both luminal and tissue trophozoites.
3. Metronidazole is metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine, with potential adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, and neurological effects.
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It states that cells are the basic unit of life and are organized into three main regions: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles that carry out metabolic functions. The plasma membrane acts as a barrier and controls what enters and exits the cell. Materials are transported across the membrane through passive diffusion or active transport processes that require energy.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and nerves. It is diagnosed based on finding definite loss of sensation in skin patches. Treatment involves multidrug therapy, with regimens depending on the classification of the patient as paucibacillary or multibacillary. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ofloxacin. Side effects of the drugs include liver toxicity, rash, and peripheral neuropathy.
The document discusses various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the structure and properties of different generations of penicillins and cephalosporins. Examples such as penicillin G, methicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, and various cephalosporins are explained in terms of their antibacterial spectrum, pharmacological properties, clinical uses and adverse effects.
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
2) The inflammation is caused by a variety of inflammatory cells like mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes which release mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
3) Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lung function tests and demonstration of improvement after bronchodilator treatment.
The document discusses different classes of metabolic pathways that can be targeted by antimicrobial drugs. Class I reactions involve glucose metabolism and are not promising targets as bacteria can use alternative carbon sources. Class II reactions involve small molecule synthesis and some pathways only exist in microbes, making them better targets. Class III reactions like peptidoglycan synthesis, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis are particularly good targets as bacteria must produce these molecules themselves. The document then provides more details on mechanisms of several antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cell wall, protein and DNA/RNA synthesis.
1) The document discusses several antibiotics including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and macrolide antibiotics.
2) It describes how each antibiotic works, providing details on their mechanisms of action at the ribosomal level to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
3) For each antibiotic, it also summarizes their antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and common adverse effects.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
The document discusses the structure and functions of cells. It states that cells are the basic unit of life and are organized into three main regions: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the cell. The cytoplasm contains organelles that carry out metabolic functions. The plasma membrane acts as a barrier and controls what enters and exits the cell. Materials are transported across the membrane through passive diffusion or active transport processes that require energy.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and nerves. It is diagnosed based on finding definite loss of sensation in skin patches. Treatment involves multidrug therapy, with regimens depending on the classification of the patient as paucibacillary or multibacillary. Common drugs used include dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, and ofloxacin. Side effects of the drugs include liver toxicity, rash, and peripheral neuropathy.
The document discusses various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillins and cephalosporins. It describes the structure and properties of different generations of penicillins and cephalosporins. Examples such as penicillin G, methicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, and various cephalosporins are explained in terms of their antibacterial spectrum, pharmacological properties, clinical uses and adverse effects.
1) Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
2) The inflammation is caused by a variety of inflammatory cells like mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes which release mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
3) Symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lung function tests and demonstration of improvement after bronchodilator treatment.
The document discusses different classes of metabolic pathways that can be targeted by antimicrobial drugs. Class I reactions involve glucose metabolism and are not promising targets as bacteria can use alternative carbon sources. Class II reactions involve small molecule synthesis and some pathways only exist in microbes, making them better targets. Class III reactions like peptidoglycan synthesis, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis are particularly good targets as bacteria must produce these molecules themselves. The document then provides more details on mechanisms of several antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cell wall, protein and DNA/RNA synthesis.
1) The document discusses several antibiotics including tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and macrolide antibiotics.
2) It describes how each antibiotic works, providing details on their mechanisms of action at the ribosomal level to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
3) For each antibiotic, it also summarizes their antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and common adverse effects.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.