The presentation is all about the study of the biological activities of some herbal plants.

1. SUBMITTED BY :
KHUSHBOO
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
BMU, ROHTAK
RESEARCH SUPERVISOR :
DR. NITIKA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
BMU, ROHTAK
For Ph.D. Registration(2023)
In
Chemistry
Submitted to
BABA MASTNATH UNIVERSITY
ASTHAL BOHAR, ROHTAK
(HARYANA)
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• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Objectives
• Research Methodology
• Expected Outcomes

3. • The term natural product refers to secondary metabolites, produced by an organism, but
not strictly necessary for the survival.
• Small molecules (molecular weight < 1500 amu )
• Richest source of biologically active compounds.
• Natural products are produced from various natural sources such as plants, microbes and
animals.
Alves, R. R., & Rosa, I. M. (2007). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 1-9.
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4. • At the end of the 18th century, crude drugs were still being used as powders, simple extracts or tinctures.
• The era of pure compounds (In 1803, a new era in the history of medicine)
• Isolation of morphine from opium.
• Strychnine (1817).
• Quinine and Caffeine (1820).
• Nicotine (1828).
Jamshidi-kia, F., Lorigooini, Z., & Amini-khoei, H. (2017). Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 7(1), 1-7.
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5. Active components used as medicine in the plants are:
• Coumarins (extracted from the “Tonka beans”)
e.g. Benzopyrone.
• Terpenoids (extracted from “Cinnamon, Clove, Ginger” etc)
e.g. Gingerols, Eugenol, Cinnamaldehyde.
• Polyphenols (extracted from “Pepper mint, Lemon balm”)
e.g. Flavanoids like quercetin, Phenolic compounds like Caffeic acid.
Rubió, L., Motilva, M. J., & Romero, M. P. (2013).Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(9), 943-953. 5

6. • Ashwagandha (Withanolides)
• Amla ( Gallic acid , Ascorbic acid )
• Turmeric (Curcumin)
• Neem extract (Nimbolide)
• Fenugreek (Trigonelline)
Singh, R. (2015). Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1-1), 50-55.
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7. • The scientific name for ashwagandha is “Withania somnifera” which roughly means the dream carrier.
Biological properties :
• It is a powerful adaptogen i.e. it enhances the body's resilience to stress.
• Improves the body's defense against disease by improving the cell-mediated immunity.
• It also possesses potent antioxidant properties which helps to protect against cellular damage caused by free
radicals.
The bioactive compound of Ashwagandha is Withanolides.
Singh, R. (2015). Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1-1), 50-55
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8. • The scientific name for amla is “Emblica myrobalan”.
Biological Properties:
• Hair care
• Eye care
• Menstrual cramps
• Diabetes
• Digestion
• Anti- ageing Gallic acid Ascorbic acid
The bioactive compounds of Amla are Gallic acid , Ascorbic acid.
Mirunalini, S., & Krishnaveni, M. (2010). Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 21(1), 93-105
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9. • The scientific name for turmeric is “Curcuma longa”.
Biological Properties:
• Anti – oxidant
• Anti – inflammatory
• Anti – cancer
• Anti – microbial
• Cardioprotective
The bioactive compound of Turmeric is “Curcumin”.
Kurup, V. P., & Barrios, C. S. (2008). Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52(9), 1031-1039.
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10. • The scientific name for Neem is “Azadirachta indica”.
Biological Properties:
• Anti – oxidant
• Anti – inflammatory
• Antiviral
• Spermicidal
• Antitumour activities
The bioactive compound of Neem is Nimbolide.
Sultana, S., Khan, M. A., et.al.(2011). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43, 141-150. 10

11. • The scientific name for fenugreek is “Trigonella foenum-graecum”.
Biological Properties:
• Anti – inflammatory
• Improves cholesterol level
• Improves digestive problems
• Improves exercise performance
• Promotes milk flow in breast feeding
The bioactive compound of Fenugreek is Trigonelline.
Snehlata, H. S., & Payal, D. R. (2012). International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 2(4), 169-87.
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12. • Wide range of biological activities
• Availability
• Fewer side effects
• Source of new drugs
• Cultural significances
• Sustainable and eco-friendly
Newman, D.J., Cragg, G. M., & Snader, K.M. (2003). Journal of Natural Products, 66(7), 1022-1037.
Azimkhanova, B.B., Ustenova, G.O., et al. (2022). International Journal of Biomaterials,1–11, 4389967. 12

13. • Diverse chemical compounds
• Traditional knowledge
• Bioprospecting
• Drug development
• Combination therapies
Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., & De, B. (2011). Journal of Herbal Medicine, 1(3-4), 67-75.
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14. • Lack of standardization and proper bioassay
• Limited scientific evidence
• Slow onset on action
• Limited bioavailability
• Interactions with other medications
• Lack of regulation
Carmona, F., & Pereira, A. M. S. (2013). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 23(2), 379-385.
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15. • Widely used in pharmaceutical industry as well as food industry.
• Treatment with medicinal plants is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects.
• Easily available in the nature.
• Medicinal plants are vey rich in resources which can be used in drug development.
• Eco – friendly.
Fabricant, D. S., & Farnsworth, N. R. (2001). Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(1), 69-75.
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16. • To explore the potential therapeutic properties of natural products including herbal plants, and
other natural substances, as alternative or complementary treatments for various health
conditions.
• Standardization of natural products formulations for use in medicine and development of new
delivery systems.
• To raise awareness of the potential benefits of natural products as a means of promoting more
holistic and integrative approaches to healthcare.
Chin, Y. W., Balunas, M. J., et.al. (2006). The AAPS Journal, 8, E239-E253.
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17.  Preparation of some herbal extracts’ formulations involving traditionally
used ingredients.
 Prepared extracts formulations will be characterized by using different
spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, and UV-visible analysis.
 In-vitro studies to evaluate the biological activity of such natural products.
• In-silico studies to examine the enzyme-ligand interactions.
Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2007). Journal of Natural Products, 70(3), 461-477. 17

18. Research on natural products particularly plants, as a medicine can led to several expected
outcomes including:
 Natural products research can lead the development of natural supplements that can be used to
support overall health and wellbeing.
 It may enhance the significance of traditional medicinal system and give the safer and better
proposal for mankind.
• Developing new drugs or supplements from the herbal plants may provide economic benefits and
improve the livelihoods of the people who live in plant-rich tropical regions.
Zhou, X., Wang, F., et. al. (2017). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(4), e12376. 18

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